Chii chinonzi AHCI modhi uye kuti ungaite sei pasina kutyora Windows

Pakupinda muBIOS/UEFI, pane sarudzo dzakawanda (IDE, AHCI, kana RAID) dzinoonekwa pamaSATA ports. Vashandisi vazhinji havazivi zvadzinoreva nechinangwa chadzo. Zvisinei, sarudzo chaiyo inogona kuita mutsauko mukuru mukushanda uye kugadzikana kwesystem, kunyanya kana uchishandisa SSDs. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora AHCI mode: kuti chii uye kuti woimutsa sei.

Isu tichatsanangurawo kubatsira kwayo uye kuti yakasiyana sei neIDE neRAID sarudzo. Tichavhara kuti ndeapi masisitimu anoshanda anoitsigira, kana zvine musoro kuigonesa, uye ndedzipi njodzi dziripo pakuchichinja.

Chii chinonzi AHCI modhi uye inoshanda sei?

AHCI modhi, acronym ye Yepamberi Yekutungamira YekuDhiraina YekutauriranaIcho chirevo chakagadzirwa neIntel chinotsanangura kuti sisitimu yekushandisa inotaurirana sei ne SATA inotyaira (hard drives uye SSDs ine Serial ATA connector). Haisi mhando yedhiraivha pachayo, asi maitiro ekushanda kweSATA controller yakabatanidzwa mubhodhi reamai.

Paunogonesa AHCI muBIOS/UEFI, iyo sisitimu inogona kutora mukana weyakamberi SATA maficha asiri kuwanikwa mune legacy IDE modhi. Pakati pezvinhu izvi pane ... native command queue (NCQ), kupisa kuchinjanisa uye kutonga kwakanaka kwekuverenga nekunyora zvikumbiro.

Kunyangwe AHCI yakagadzirwa neIntel, Inonyatsoenderana ne AMD mamaboards. Uye inoshanda neinenge chero yemazuva ano chipset inoshandisa SATA ports. Chinhu chakakosha hachisi che processor brand, asi kuti SATA controller inoshandisa iyo AHCI standard uye inoshanda sisitimu ine madhiraivha akakodzera.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti AHCI yakagadzirirwa chete michina SATANVMe madhiraivha, anoshandisa PCI Express bhazi, anoshandisa yavo protocol uye haigone kushanda mune iyi modhi; AHCI haishande kwavari uye hazvina musoro kuvagadzira nenzira iyi.

Kusiyana pakati peIDE, AHCI uye RAID

Usati watanga kushandura zvinhu muBIOS, ipfungwa yakanaka kuti unzwisise izvo imwe neimwe yeSATA controller modhi inopa uye mune izvo zviitiko zvine musoro kushandisa imwe kana imwe. Mazita matatu aunogara uchiona ndeaya: IDE, AHCI uye RAID.

IDE modhi: kuenderana kwenhaka uye mifaro mishoma

Maitiro acho IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) Iyo inoteedzera maitiro ekare ePATA/IDE madhiraivha mune zvemazuva ano SATA ports. Basa rayo guru nderokuona kuti kuenderana neakare masystem masisitimu izvo zvisinganzwisisi chiyero cheSATA, senge Windows XP isina mamwe madhiraivha kana shanduro dzakapfuura.

Kana iyo SATA controller iri muIDE modhi, sisitimu inoona madhisiki sekunge iwo madhizaini classic LEGkurasikirwa zvinenge zvese zvakanakira zvemazuva ano SATA standard. Kuverenga nekunyora kunowanzo kuve kwakadzikira, uye zvinhu zvakaita sekuchinjanisa kupisa uye mutsara wekuraira weko zvinovharwa.

Munzira iyi, Zvimiro zvepamberi hazvitsigirwe Yakagadzirirwa kuvandudza dhisiki kuwana, IDE inobvumira nhamba diki yemadhiraivha kuti itariswe zvakanaka. IDE haichashandi zvachose kumakomputa emazuva ano uye inonyanya kuchengetedzwa ne kuenderana kwemashure.

AHCI modhi: yazvino chiyero cheSATA madhiraivha

Iine AHCI modhi, mutongi anofumura ese emazuva ano maSATA maficha uye anobvumira sisitimu yekushandisa kutora mukana iwo. Izvi zvinoturikira ku kushanda kwepamusoro, kugadzikana kwakawanda uye mabasa asipo muIDE.

Pakati pe zvakanakira zvakakosha AHCI modhi inosanganisira akati wandei makiyi ekuvandudza kweHDDs uye SSDs:

• Kuvandudzwa kwekuverenga/kunyora kuita nekutonga zvirinani zvikumbiro zvehurongwa.
• Native Command Queuing (NCQ), iyo inorongazve zvikumbiro zvekuwana kuderedza kusingakoshi kufamba kwemusoro paHDD.
• Hot swapinokubvumidza kuti ubatanidze kana kubvisa madhiraivha eSATA ane komputa ine simba, izvo zvakakosha mumaseva uye neNAS masisitimu.
• Zvirinani scalability, zvichibvumira hutungamiri hunobudirira hwezvikamu zvichienzaniswa neIDE mode.
• Native kuenderana neSATA SSDs, kushandisa zviri nani kugona kwayo mukati memiganhu yeSATA chiyero.
• Base kune RAID zvigadziriso mumaBIOS akawanda, sezvo RAID modhi inowanzobatanidza iyo AHCI seti.

Kune chero komputa yemazuva ano inomhanya Windows Vista kana gare gare, Linux, kana macOS, Zvinokurudzirwa kuva neSATA controller muAHCI mode. kunze kwekunge paine chikonzero chaicho chekusadaro.

RAID modhi: haisi kunyatso kutsiva AHCI

Maitiro acho RAID RAID muBIOS inowanzokonzera nyonganiso nekuti vashandisi vazhinji vanoiona seimwe nzira yeAHCI, kana mukuita chiri chimwe chinhu chakasiyana. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) ndeye chirongwa chesangano chezvikamu zvakawanda kuti uwane kuita kwakawanda, redundancy, kana zvese zviri zviviri.

Pamabhodhi mazhinji, RAID modhi mukati inosanganisira kugona kwe AHCI kubata SATA madhiraivha, uye pamusoro peizvozvo, inowedzera yayo RAID logic (RAID 0, 1, 5, 10, nezvimwewo). Ndosaka zvichiwanzotaurwa kuti RAID mode ine "zvese AHCI ine uye nezvimwe."

Nekudaro, kumisikidza RAID pane system pane iripo chete chikwata chemuviri Hazvina musoro; iwe hapana chaunowana uye iwe unongoomesa booting uye mutyairi manejimendi. RAID modhi ine musoro paunenge uchiisa akawanda SATA madhiraivha uye chinangwa ndechekubatanidza kugona kwavo kana kuvandudza kushivirira kwemhosva.

Nezve NVMe, mamwe mabhodhi eamai anopa sarudzo dzekugadzira NVMe SSD RAID arraysNekudaro, izvi zvakatotungamirwa pamusoro pePCIe bhazi uye hazvishandise AHCI, asi pane mamwe chaiwo RAID controller yeNVMe.

Mabhenefiti chaiwo eAHCI modhi muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva

Basa reAHCI harina kungogumira padzidziso. Mukushandiswa kwepasirese, zvese mumakomputa epamba nemidziyo yehunyanzvi, maitiro ayo anooneka mune akati wandei akakosha masystem. kuita uye usability yehurongwa.

• NCQ (Native Command Queuing)Iyi ficha inobvumira iyo hard drive kugamuchira seti yekuverenga / kunyora zvikumbiro uye kuita ivo mune yakanyanya kurongeka inogoneka, kuderedza kufamba kwemusoro.
• Hot swappingKutenda kuAHCI, unogona kubatanidza kana kubvisa SATA drive pasina kudzima komputa yako, chero iyo inoshanda sisitimu inoitsigira.
• Kunyanya kugadzikana uye kusimba zvichienzaniswa nenhaka modes. Yemazuvano Windows, Linux, uye macOS madhiraivha akagadzirwa aine AHCI mupfungwa, zvichikonzera kushoma nyaya dzekuenderana uye nani kukanganisa kubata kwekuchengetedza madhiraivha.
• Kuenderana: Anenge ese azvino PC anoshanda masisitimu anonzwisisa AHCI pasina mamwe magadzirirwo.

AHCI uye SSD: chii chavanopa chaizvo?

Nekusvika kweSSDs, zvinowanzotaurwa kuti kuwana latency kwakadzikira zvekuti iyo NCQ yekuraira mutsara inove isina maturo. Ichokwadi kuti SSD haina zvikamu zvinofamba uye, naizvozvo, Izvo hazvibvi pane chinzvimbo chemuviri che data senge hard drive, asi hazvireve kuti AHCI haipe chero kuvandudzwa.

PaSSD, kuwana kero inosanganisirwa yekuyeuka hakudhure zvakafanana nekusvetuka kuenda kumakero asina kurongeka. Iyo flash controller ichiri kufanira kubata mapeji nemabhurokoUye haasi ese maoparesheni ane mutengo wakafanana. Apa ndipo panowanikwa mamwe magadzirirwo emukati uye nzira iyo controller anoronga nayo zvikumbiro inogona kuwedzera kubatsirwa kubva kuAHCI logic.

Naizvozvo, kunyangwe kuita kusvetuka pakati peIDE neAHCI muSATA SSD haina kushamisira senge mune mechanika HDD, AHCI modhi ichiri. zvakakosha kuti uwane zvakanyanya kubva pazviri SATA interface inomhanyisa (kunyanya mumabasa akawanda ekuita).

Nekuda kweizvozvo, AHCI modhi yave inenge yakasarudzika kune zvechinyakare SATA drives (2,5 ″ HDD uye SSD ine SATA yekubatanidza). Iyo inoramba yakakosha mune ese aya masisitimu asati ashandisa NVMe kana anosanganisa ese marudzi ekuchengetedza.

Operating system inoenderana neAHCI

Usati wabata zvigadziriso zveSATA muBIOS, zvakakosha kuti uzive kana iyo Iyo yakaiswa inoshanda sisitimu inotsigira AHCInekuti kugona kwemidziyo kutanga nemazvo mushure mekuchinja kunoenderana nazvo.

Windows uye AHCI

Microsoft yakaunza yepamutemo AHCI rutsigiro kutanga mukati Windows VistaIzvi zvinoreva kuti ese akazotevera vhezheni (Windows 7, 8, 8.1, 10 uye 11) anogona kushanda zvakakwana muAHCI modhi, chero madhiraivha akakodzera akagoneswa panguva yebhutsu.

Kana zvakadaro Windows Vista uye Windows 7Kana iyo SATA controller yakarongedzerwa IDE panguva yekuisa, iyo system inogona kusaisa inodiwa AHCI madhiraivha pakutanga. Kana AHCI ichibva yachinjirwa muBIOS isina pre-gadziriro yegadziriro, mhedzisiro yacho kukanganisa. blue screen kana reboot loop panotanga.

Na Windows 8 ne8.1Microsoft yakavandudza maitiro ekuona mutyairi uye yakarerutsa shanduko neimwe nzira, asi ichiri kukurudzirwa kuita nhanho dzekutanga (yakachengeteka modhi, mirairo yebhutsu, nezvimwewo) kudzivirira zvikanganiso kana uchigonesa AHCI mune iripo yekumisikidza.

En Windows 10 Mutyairi mashandiro anochinja zvishoma. Mutyairi anotarisira AHCI anowanzozivikanwa se StorahciUye zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti sevhisi iyi inotanga nemazvo nekugadzirisa mamwe makiyi ekunyoresa (ErrorControl, StartOverride, nezvimwewo) usati wachinja iyo SATA configuration muBIOS.

Pane kudaro, Windows XP Uye mavhezheni ekutanga haana rutsigiro rwemunharaunda yeAHCI. Madhiraivha chaiwo anogona kurodha panguva yekuisa (yekirasi "press F6"), asi masisitimu aya haatsigirwe uye haakurudzirwe mazuvano, saka IDE modhi inochengetwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekare pane zvekushandisa chaiko.

Linux, BSD uye mamwe masisitimu

Munyika yeGNU/Linux, rutsigiro rweAHCI rwakaunzwa mu tsanga 2.6.19Naizvozvo, chero kugovera kwemazuva ano kunogamuchira kunyangwe kushoma update kuchave nerutsigiro rwakakwana. Mukuita, anenge ese emazuva ano kugovera anoona otomatiki AHCI modhi pasina kuda chero akakosha matanho.

Mukuwedzera, mamwe maitiro akadai se OpenBSD (kutanga neshanduro 4.1), FreeBSD, NetBSD y Solaris 10 (kubva kune dzimwe shanduro) zvinosanganisirawo AHCI controllers, saka kushanda mune iyi modhi hakuna dambudziko.

macOS uye AHCI

Apple's operating system, inozivikanwa nhasi se macOS (yaimbova OS X)Inopawo rutsigiro rwekuzvarwa kweAHCI pane masisitimu ane SATA madhiraivha. Musiyano mukuru uchienzaniswa nePC ndewekuti Macs haafumure yakajairika BIOS/UEFI kumushandisi wekushandura iyo SATA modhi.

PaMacs, iyo gadziriso yekuti sisitimu inotaurirana sei nemadhiraivha ekuchengetedza inotungamirwa mu pachena kuburikidza ne macOS pachayo, pasina kuda kuisa mamenu e firmware kana kushandura manyorero modes.

Zvine musoro riini kugonesa kana kudzima AHCI?

Mubvunzo wakakosha kune vazhinji vashandisi ndewekuti Zvinokurudzirwa kumisa AHCI modhi pakombuta yako uye pasi pemamiriro api kuti uisiye muIDE kana RAID. Mhinduro yacho, kazhinji, yakajeka.

Kana iwe uri kushandisa sisitimu yekushandisa yakaenzana kana kuti gare gare kupfuura Windows Vista (kusanganisira Windows 10 uye 11), yazvino Linux kugovera kana macOS, uye madhiraivha ako makuru maSATA disks, kurudziro ndeye. Nguva dzose shandisa AHCIIDE modhi haipe mukana mune izvi zviitiko uye, kutaura zvazviri, inodzikamisa kuita uye anowanikwa maficha.

Izvo chete zvine musoro kuchengetedza IDE modhi paunenge uchimhanyisa a yekare yekushandisa system isina AHCI rutsigiroseWindows XP isina madhiraivha chaiwo kana software chaiyo isingashande nemazvo neazvino AHCI controller. Mhosva idzi dziri kuramba dzichiwanda mazuvano.

Imwe mamiriro ayo asina kukodzera kuve neAHCI inogoneswa ndeye kana komputa isiri kushandisa hapana SATA driveSemuenzaniso, kana madhiraivha ako ese ari NVMe SSDs, iyo AHCI modhi yeSATA controller inoshaya basa, sezvo madhiraivha aya anoshanda pamusoro pePCIe neNVMe protocol uye asingatsamiri pane BIOS SATA marongero.

Panogona kunge paine vashandisi vanoda dzima AHCI Nezvikonzero chaizvo: kuyedza nehardware yekare, kutevedzera masisitimu echikuru, kana kuenderana neakananga ma controller. Muzviitiko izvi, kudzima AHCI kunoitwa nekutevera nhanho dzakafanana nedzekuchinja, asi kusarudza IDE muBIOS panzvimbo yeAHCI.

Maitiro ekugonesa AHCI muWindows pasina kudzoreredza

Kana iwe uchitova neWindows yakaiswa nemutongi muIDE modhi uye uchida kuchinjira AHCI pasina fomatiIwe unofanirwa kutevedzera akatevedzana ekutanga matanho kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti system inorodha madhiraivha akakodzera pakutanga. Maitiro acho anosiyana zvishoma zvichienderana neWindows vhezheni.

Gonesa AHCI muWindows 7 uye Windows Vista uchishandisa registry

MuWindows Vista uye Windows 7, iyo yekare nzira inosanganisira kushandisa iyo Registry Editor (regedit) kuudza sisitimu kuti ivhure AHCI controller panzvimbo yeIDE controller pane inotevera yekutanga.

El general process Izvi zvinotevera:

1. Vhara zvese zvinoshandiswa uye vhura iyo "Mhanya" hwindo ne Kiyi yeWindows + R.
2. Anonyora regedit wobva wadzvanya OK. Kana iyo Mushandisi Akaundi Yekudzora hwindo ikaoneka, simbisa kushanda semaneja.
3. Famba nemakiyi kusvika wasvika: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE → SYSTEM → CurrentControlSet → Services → msahci.
4. Muchikamu chekurudyi, tsvaga kukosha kwakadanwa Tanga uye wochichinja kuita 0 (kana isati yatove; kazhinji ine kukosha kwe3).
5. Kana uri kushandisa Intel kana imwe brand RAID controller, tsvagawo kiyi inoenderana (iaStor kana iaStorV) pasi peSevhisi uye isa kukosha kweKutanga ku0 zvakare.
6. Vhara registry editor uye tangazve komputa yako nekupinda BIOS/UEFI.
7. Mune yepamusoro BIOS menyu, shandura iyo SATA modhi kubva kuIDE kuenda kuAHCI kana RAID zvichienderana nezvamunoda kuishandisa.
8. Sevha shanduko uye rega Windows itange zvakajairika; iyo sisitimu ichaisa madhiraivha matsva uye wokumbira mamaboard driver dhisiki kana internet yekubatanidza kana zvichidikanwa.

Kana zvese zvaitwa nemazvo, Windows inorodha isina chero yebhuruu skrini uye iwe unenge uchishanda nayo. AHCI modhi yakagoneswa kune yako SATA madhiraivha.

Gonesa AHCI muWindows 8 uye 8.1 uchishandisa safe mode

MuWindows 8 uye 8.1 zvakajairika kushandisa hunyengeri hwe boot mune yakachengeteka mode kuitira kuti sisitimu inotakura zvishoma seti yevatyairi uye inoona iyo SATA modhi shanduko pasina matambudziko.

Iyo pfupiso matanho izvi ndeizvi:

1. Vhura hwindo re Raira Kurumidza semutongi (kurudyi tinya → Mhanya semutungamiriri).
2. Nyora murairo unotevera wobva wadzvanya Enter: bcdedit / set {ikozvino} safeboot shoma.
3. Tangazve yako system uye isa BIOS/UEFI yebhodhi rako reamai (kazhinji neF2, Delete kana zvakafanana paunobatidza).
4. Tsvaga iyo SATA port marongero uye shandura iyo modhi kuti AHCI.
5. Sevha shanduko uye rega komputa itange; Windows ichaita izvi. nzira yakachengeteka uye ichaona madhiraivha eSATA matsva, achiaisa kumashure.
6. Vhurazve Command Prompt semaneja.
7. Mhanya uyu murairo kuti udzorere zvakajairika kutanga: bcdedit /deletevalue {current} safeboot.
8. Tangazve zvakare uye panguva ino Windows inofanira kutanga mune yakajairika mode ne AHCI inoshanda.

Gonesa AHCI mukati Windows 10 nekugadzirisa storahci

In Windows 10, mutyairi anotonga AHCI modhi inowanzonzi StorahciUye kuitira kuti sisitimu itange zvakanaka mushure mekushandura BIOS, zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa maitiro maviri murejista.

El yakakurudzirwa maitiro ichave inotevera:

1. Vhura registry editor ne regedit (sezvakangoita muWindows 7, ine Windows Key + R uye kutaipa regedit).
2. Famba uchienda kunzira HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE → SYSTEM → CurrentControlSet → Services → kuchengeta.
3. Mupaneru yerudyi, tsvaga kukosha ErrorControlDzvanya kaviri uye shandura kukosha kwayo kubva pa3 kuenda 0.
4. Mukati me storahci, tsvaga subkey StartOverride wosarudza.
5. Muchikamu chekurudyi uchaona chinyorwa, chinowanzonzi 0. Shandura kukosha kwayo uye uise kuti 0 (panzvimbo ye3).
6. Vhara registry editor uye tangazve komputa yako nekupinda BIOS/UEFI.
7. Chinja SATA kune AHCI maitiro mune yekuchengetedza menyu.
8. Sevha uye wotangazve. Windows 10 zvino inofanira kutanga ne storahci mutyairi anoshanda uye AHCI mode inoshanda.

Kana maitiro acho akaitwa nemazvo, hazvizove zvakakosha kudzoreredza Windows uye iwe unozogona kutora mukana weAHCI pane yako SATA uye SSD madhiraivha pasina kurasikirwa nedata.

Maitiro ekudzima AHCI uye kudzokera kuIDE

Kunyangwe zvisiri izvo zvinojairwa, unogona kuzvifarira pane dzimwe nguva. dzima AHCI mode uye dzokera kuIDE, semuenzaniso kuedza sisitimu yekare kwazvo, kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuenderana, kana kuita bvunzo nenhaka hardware.

Maitiro ekuchinja kubva kuAHCI kuenda kuIDE akafanana nekudzoka kumashure, kunyanya pane masisitimu anoshandisa hunyengeri hwe... yakachengeteka modhi ine bcdedit:

• Svika Command Prompt semaneja uye mhanya bcdedit / set {ikozvino} safeboot shoma.
• Tangazve kuti upinde mumodhi yakachengeteka.
• Panguva yekutanga, pinda BIOS / UEFI uchishandisa kiyi inoenderana.
• Tsvaga zvigadziriso zveSATA mune zvekuchengetedza sarudzo uye shandura modhi kuti AHCI kusvika IDE.
• Sevha shanduko uye rega system itange kuita yakachengeteka mode.
• Vhura zvakare chirevo chekuraira semutungamiriri uye mhanya bcdedit /deletevalue {current} safeboot.
• Tangazve kekupedzisira kuitira kuti Windows bhutsu mune yakajairwa modhi ine controller yatove muIDE.

Mune mamwe masystem azvino ane hardware yemazuva ano, zvakajairika kuti hauna chaungada chaicho kushandisa IDE, asi zvakakosha kuziva kuti pane nzira yekudzokera uye kuti iwe unofanirwa kutevedzera maitiro akafanana kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvebhutsu.

Zviripachena kuti AHCI modhi yave uye inoramba iri chinhu chakakosha mukushanduka kweSATA-yakavakirwa kuchengetedza. Kunyangwe nhasi maNVMe SSD uye NVMe protocol inotora nzvimbo yepakati maererano nekumhanya, muzviuru zvemidziyo yemumba neyehunyanzvi Madhiraivha eSATA anoramba ari akajairwa, uye kuve nemutongi ari munzira kwayo kunoita mutsauko pakati pehusimbe sisitimu uye iyo inomhanya, yakagadzikana, uye yakagadzirira kuwana zvakanyanya kubva mukuchengetedza kwayo madhiraivha.