Munyika Nhasi, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvave chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Nharembozha, kunyanya, dzinowanikwa kwese kwese uye dzinotitendera kuti tigare takabatana nguva dzese. Nekudaro, kushushikana kunomuka pamusoro pemwaranzi inoburitswa nemidziyo iyi uye kuti inofananidzwa sei nemwaranzi kubva kune mamwe maturusi, senge x-ray muchina Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora mutsauko uripo pakati pemwaranzi inoburitswa nenharembozha neiyo X -ray mudziyo kubva kune yehunyanzvi nzira uye ine kwayakarerekera toni.
1. Nheyo dzekutanga dzemagetsi emagetsi nemwaranzi yeionizing
Electromagnetic radiation uye ionizing radiation zviitiko zvinowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzesimba rinopararira nemuchadenga. Ivo vanozivikanwa nemhando yavo yemafungu uye kugona kwavo kusangana nenyaya. Kunzwisisa misimboti yemhando idzi dzemwaranzi kwakakosha kuti unzwisise maitiro avo nemhedzisiro munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Electromagnetic radiation inovhara huwandu hwakasiyana hwewavelengths, kubva pamasaisai eredhiyo kusvika kune gamma mwaranzi. Inoumbwa ne subatomic particles inonzi photons, iyo isina magetsi uye uwandu. Aya mafotoni anofamba nenzira yemafungu, uye simba rawo rinoenderana nekuwanda kwawo. Electromagnetic radiation yakakosha mukufonera, kutepfenyura, spectroscopy uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvetekinoroji application.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, mwaranzi yeionizing ine simba rekubvisa maerekitironi kubva kumaatomu kana mamorekuru ayo anodyidzana nawo, achigadzira maion iyi, iyo inosanganisira X-rays, gamma rays uye mamwe ma-subatomic particles, anogona kuva nemigumisiro inokuvadza pazvisikwa zvipenyu. sezvo inogona kushandura genetic zvinhu uye kukonzera zvirwere zvakaita segomarara. Izvo zvakakosha kuti titarise masosi eiyo ionizing radiation uye kushandisa akakodzera matanho ekudzivirira kudzikamisa kuratidzwa kwairi.
2. Hunhu hwemwaranzi inoburitswa nenharembozha
Mwaranzi inoburitswa neserura inogara ichinetsa yevashandisi. Pazasi pane zvimwe zvine chekuita nemusoro wenyaya iyi:
1. Radiation frequency: Nharembozha dzinoburitsa mwaranzi yemagetsi muchimiro chepamusoro-frequency masaisai eredhiyo. Mwaranzi iyi inowanikwa mu microwave range, pakati pe 800 ne 2.200 megahertz (MHz) Zvakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti iyo yakakwirira yemwaranzi, iyo huru simba rinobudiswa uye hukuru hwekupinza mukati mematishu muviri wemunhu.
2. SAR: The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) chiyereso chinoshandiswa kuona huwandu hwesimba rinotorwa negiramu rega rega remuviri wenyama wakavhenekwa nemwaranzi yenharembozha model. Miganho yeSAR inotarwa nevakuru vezviremera inosiyana pakati penyika, asi kazhinji iri pakati pe0,6 kusvika 1,6 W/kg.
3. Mbairo wenguva refu: Kunyangwe pasina humbowo hwakazara, zvidzidzo zvakati wandei zvinoratidza kuti kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune nharembozha radiation kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro. yehutano. Mimwe mhedzisiro inogoneka inosanganisira kuwedzera njodzi yemamota muuropi, kukanganisa kurara, uye. hurongwa hwetsinga, pamwe nekuderera kwehutano hwekubereka. Nekudaro, kutsvagisa kwakawanda kunodiwa kuona ukuru hwenjodzi idzi uye kumisa nhungamiro dzakajeka dzekushandisa kwavo zvakachengeteka.
3. Hunhu hwemwaranzi inoburitswa nemuchina weX-ray
Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise mhedzisiro yazvinogona kuve nazvo pamunhu uye nharaunda. Iyo radiation inoburitswa nemidziyo iyi inogona kuiswa mumhando mbiri: yekutanga radiation uye yechipiri mwaranzi.
Mwaranzi yekutanga inoreva mwaranzi inoburitswa zvakananga nechubhu yeX-ray Mwaranzi iyi inopinda zvakanyanya uye inogona kukanganisa matishu emuviri wemunhu kana paine kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kana kukwira zvakanyanya. Ichi ndicho chikonzero matekinoroji anoshandisa mudziyo uyu anofanirwa kutora matanho anodiwa ekuzvidzivirira ivo nevarwere.
Chechipiri mwaranzi, kune rumwe rutivi, mwaranzi inogadzirwa kana ichidyidzana nenyaya. Kana mwaranzi yekutanga inosvika kumurwere, chikamu chayo chinotorwa uye chikamu chinopararira munzira dzakasiyana. Iyi mwaranzi yakapararira haina kupinda kupfuura yekutanga mwaranzi, asi inogona kukuvadza zvakaenzana kana dosi yakakosha ikagamuchirwa.
4. Musiyano muchimiro chemwaranzi kubva panharembozha nemuchina weX-ray
Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora misiyano yakakosha pakati pemhando yemwaranzi inoburitswa nenharembozha uye nemwaranzi inogadzirwa nemuchina weX-ray kunyangwe zvese zviri zviviri zvinoburitsa mwaranzi, hunhu hwavo uye chinangwa chakasiyana.
Chekutanga, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti nharembozha dzinoburitsa yakaderera-simba redhiyo frequency (RF) mafungu, nepo X-ray muchina ichigadzira yakakwira-simba remagetsi emagetsi anozivikanwa se ionizing radiation. The mwaranzi yefoni Inowanikwa mumicrowave range, nepo X-ray mwaranzi inowanikwa mugamma ray range. Musiyano wesimba uyu wakakosha, sezvo mwaranzi yeionizing inokwanisa kuita ionize maatomu nemamorekuru, ayo anogona kuburitsa zvakakosha biological madhara.
Kechipiri, hunhu hwenharembozha radiation inoenderera uye isiri-inotungamira, nepo X-ray radiation inotyairwa uye ine yakananga nzira. Radiation kubva kunharembozha inopenya kumativi ese kubva kune antenna yemudziyo, ichipararira munzvimbo yakatenderedza. Kune rimwe divi, X-ray mwaranzi inogadzirwa nenzira yemapulses kana matanda anotungamira, achibvumira kutarisisa kukuru uye kunyatsojeka munzvimbo inotarirwa. Uku kugona kwekutarisa kwakakosha mune zvekurapa zvikumbiro senge radiography uye computed tomography.
5. Kuyera uye kuongororwa kwemwaranzi mune nharembozha
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kuchengetedzwa kwemushandisi. Heano zvimwe zvakakosha zvekufunga nezvazvo pakuita zviyero izvi:
- Shandisa mita yemwaranzi yakakodzera: Izvo zvakakosha kuve nemamita akagadzirirwa kuyera radiation kubva kune nharembozha. Aya mamita akachekwa kuti ape zviyero zvakaringana uye zvakavimbika.
- Inotevedzera chiyero chekuyera protocol: Kuti uwane mhinduro dzinoenderana, zvakakosha kutevedzera chiyero chekuyera protocol. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa mita pane imwe chinhambwe kubva pachigadzirwa, uchitevera kurudziro yemugadziri.
- Tora zviyero zvakawanda: Kuti uwane yakanyatsojeka ongororo, zvinokurudzirwa kuita zviyero zvakati wandei munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye mamiriro. Izvi zvinobvumira avhareji yemazinga eradiation anoburitswa nenharembozha kuti awanikwe.
Kana wangotora zviyero, zvakakosha kududzira mhedzisiro nenzira kwayo. Pano tinopa mamwe mazano ekuongorora kwakarurama:
- Enzanisa mhedzisiro nemiganhu yakatarwa: Mitumbi inodzora inogadza yakachengeteka miganhu yemwaranzi yemidziyo nhare. Enzanisa mibairo yakawanikwa nemiganhu iyi kuti uone kana mudziyo uchienderana nemirairo yazvino.
- Funga nezve tekinoroji yedhisheni: Paunenge uchidudzira zvabuda, funga nezvehunyanzvi hwekuita zvechigadzirwa. Mimwe nharembozha yakagadzirirwa kuburitsa yakaderera mwero wemwaranzi, iyo inogona kukanganisa kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro.
Muchidimbu, itsika yakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemushandisi. Nokushandisa mita yakakodzera, kutevera chiyero chekuyera protocol, uye kuita zviyero zvakawanda, kuongorora kwakarurama kunogona kuwanikwa. Uyezve, zvakakosha kududzira zvawanikwa uchifunga nezvemiganho yakamiswa uye tekinoroji maratidziro echishandiso.
6. Kuyera uye kuongororwa kwemwaranzi mumashini eX-ray
Muindasitiri yeradiology, kuyerwa uye kuongororwa kwemwaranzi mumachina eX-ray kwakakosha kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza nekuchengetedzwa kwevarwere pamwe nevashandi vekurapa. Pazasi tinopa nzira huru uye maturusi anoshandiswa mune iri basa rakakosha:
Personal dosimetry:
- Personal dosimetry ine kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvekutarisisa izvo zvinoiswa panzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemuviri wevashandi vakafumurwa nemwaranzi, senge maapuroni ekudzivirira uye thyroid inodzivirira.
- Midziyo iyi inorekodha huwandu hwemwaranzi iyo munhu anga aratidzwa, zvichibvumira mwero wekuratidzwa kuti aongororwe uye kuona kana miganhu yakadzikwa nevakuru vehutano yakadarika.
- Mhedzisiro yakawanikwa inoshandiswa kugadzirisa maitiro eradiology uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwakakwana kwevashandi.
Environmental radiation monitoring:
- Munzvimbo dzeradioological, zvakakosha kuti urambe uchitarisisa mwaranzi yezvakatipoteredza kuitira kuona chero kutsauka kubva pamatanho anogamuchirwa.
- Yakagadziriswa uye inotakurika radiation detectors inoshandiswa kuyera radiation iripo munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepakati, semakamuri eX-ray nenzvimbo dzekuchengetera midziyo yeradiology.
- Midziyo iyi inogona zvakare kunyevera vashandi kana mazinga akabvumidzwa emwaranzi akapfuudzwa, achimisikidza maaramu masaini kutora matanho anodiwa.
Kuongororwa kwemhando yeX-ray zvishandiso:
- Kuve nechokwadi chechokwadi uye kushanda kweX-ray zvishandiso, bvunzo dzemhando dzinoitwa nguva nenguva.
- Maedzo aya anosanganisira kuyera dhamo remwaranzi yakaburitswa, kuongorora kufanana kwemufananidzo wakagadzirwa, uye kuona chokwadi chezviyero masisitimu.
- Mhedzisiro yakawanikwa mukuyedzwa kwemhando yakakosha kuvimbisa kuti X-ray michina iri mumamiriro ekushanda akakwana uye inosangana neyakagadzikwa kuchengetedza zviyero.
7. Kuenzaniswa kwemazinga emwaranzi pakati peserura neX-ray mudziyo
Muiyo, zvakakosha kuratidza mutsauko wakakura pakati pezvishandiso zviviri izvi kunyangwe zvese zvichishandisa tekinoroji yemagetsi ekufambisa mashoko, mazinga emwaranzi anosiyana zvakanyanya.
Kune rimwe divi, nharembozha dzinoburitsa isina-ionizing radiation, inozivikanwa seredhiyo frequency (RF). Iyi mwaranzi inoitika panguva yekufambisa uye kugashira kwemasaini masaini. Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwenharembozha kwakabatana nedzimwe njodzi dzehutano, ongororo dzakawanda dzinoratidza kuti nharembozha radiation yakadzikira uye haifanire kukonzera zvinokuvadza kuvanhu vazhinji. Nekudaro, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mahedhifoni kana vatauri kuchengetedza mudziyo kure nemuviri.
Kune rimwe divi, michina yeX-ray inoburitsa mwaranzi yeionizing, iyo inokwanisa kushandura mamorekuru nemasero emuviri. muviri wemunhu. Midziyo iyi inoshandiswa muzvirongwa zvekurapa kuti uwane mifananidzo yakadzama yemukati memuviri. Nekuti x-rays ine mukana mukuru wekukuvadza tishu, mamwe matanho ekuzvidzivirira, akadai sekushandiswa kwemaepuroni emutobvu, anotorwa kuchengetedza varwere nevashandi vekurapa kubva pakunyanya kuratidzwa nemwaranzi.
8. Kugona kuitika kwemwaranzi inoburitswa nenharembozha pahutano hwevanhu
Iyo radiation inoburitswa nemaserura midziyo yanga iri nyaya yekutsvagisa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekunetsekana pamusoro pezvainogoneka pahutano hwevanhu. Kunyangwe zvisati zvazivikanwa yasvika Kusvika pamhedziso chaiyo, dzimwe ongororo dzinoratidza kuti kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune aya radiation kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa pamuviri wedu. Pakati pengozi dzinogona kuitika ndeidzi:
- Kukuvara kweGenetic: Vamwe vaongorori vanochengetedza kuti nharembozha radiation inogona kushandura DNA uye, nekudaro, kuwedzera njodzi yekuchinja kwemajini.
- Gomarara: Pane kuramba kuchienderera mberi pamusoro pehukama hunogona kuitika pakati pemwaranzi yemasero uye kukura kwemamota egomarara, kunyanya muuropi.
- Mhedzisiro pambereko: Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kuratidzwa kwenguva refu nemwaranzi yenharembozha kunogona kukanganisa kunaka kwembeu uye kubereka kwemurume.
Tichifunga nezve kushushikana kwakasimudzwa, nyika dzinoverengeka dzakadzika mirau uye miganhu pakufumurwa kwemwaranzi inoburitswa nenharembozha. Mitemo iyi, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwesimba rinopinzwa munyama yevanhu, inoedza kuchengetedza vashandisi kubva kune zvinokuvadza hutano uye zvakare, dzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira dzakatangwa dzinogona kutorwa nevanhu kuti vaderedze kuratidzwa kwako kunharembozha, senge:
- Shandisa mahedhifoni kana vatauri kudzivirira kuisa foni zvakanangana nemusoro wako.
- Bata foni yako kure nemuviri wako kana isiri kushandiswa, semuenzaniso muzvikwama kana mabhegi, pane muhomwe dzako.
- Deredza nguva yekufona uye shandisa mameseji panzvimbo pazvinogoneka.
Kunyangwe paine kusava nechokwadi, zvakakosha kuratidza kuti nharaunda yesainzi inoramba ichiongorora mabatiro eradiation inoburitswa nenharembozha pahutano hwevanhu. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvenguva refu uye nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinodiwa kuti uongorore zvizere uye unzwisise njodzi dzinogona kuitika. Zvichakadaro, zvinokurudzirwa kutevedzera zvinongedzo uye kutora matanho ekuderedza kuratidzwa kune nharembozha radiation.
9. Kugona kukanganisa kwemwaranzi inoburitswa nemichina yeX-ray pahutano hwevanhu
Radiation inoburitswa nemichina yeX-ray
Mwaranzi inoburitswa kubva kumichina yeX-ray ine mukana wekukonzeresa zvakakosha pahutano hwevanhu Nyangwe ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mundima yekurapa pakuongorora uye kurapwa, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise njodzi dzine chekuita nekuratidzwa kweiyo nzira ye ionizing mwaranzi.
Pazasi pane zvimwe zvinokonzeresa zvinokonzeresa zvinogona kuve nemwaranzi inoburitswa nemichina yeX-ray pahutano hwevanhu:
- Acute effects: Kuratidzwa kune yakakwira dosi yemwaranzi munguva pfupi inogona kukonzera mhedzisiro sekutsva kweganda, kurasikirwa nebvudzi, uye zvimwe zviratidzo-semwaranzi.
- Chronicles effects: Kugara kuratidzirwa kune yakaderera dosi yemwaranzi kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuva negomarara uye zvirwere zvemajini gare gare muhupenyu. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti izvi zvinokonzeresa hazviratidzi nekukurumidza, asi zvinogona kuoneka mushure memakore kana makumi emakore ekudzokororwa kuratidzwa.
- Fetal radiation: Vakadzi vane pamuviri vakaratidzirwa ku<em>X-ray mwaranzi vanopinda mungozi yokukuvadza mwana ari kukura. Zvakakosha kuti vakadzi vane pamuviri vazivise chiremba wavo vasati vaitwa x-ray kuti vaderedze njodzi dzinogona kuitika kumwana.
Mukupedzisa, kunyangwe michina yeX-ray iri maturusi akakosha mukurapa, kushandiswa kwawo kunofanirwa kudzorwa uye kuziva njodzi dzinogona kuburitswa nemwaranzi kune hutano hwevanhu. Vashandi vezvehutano nevarwere vanofanirwa kutevedzera chenjedzo kwakakodzera uye kuona kuti mazinga ekuchengetedza anozadzikiswa kudzikisa kukanganisa kwakashata pahupenyu hwedu.
10. Mitemo uye miganho yekuchengetedza pamwaranzi kubva kunharembozha uye X-ray zvishandiso
Munyika yanhasi, kushandiswa kwenharembozha kwave chinhu chakakosha chehupenyu hwedu. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kufunga nezve mirau uye chengetedzo miganhu panharembozha radiation kuchengetedza hutano hwedu. Masangano epasi rose, akadai seInternational Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), anogadza nhungamiro yekudzikamisa kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi yeradiofrequency inogadzirwa nenharembozha. Aya mazano akavakirwa patsvagiridzo yesainzi uye anogara achivandudzwa kuti tive nechokwadi chekuchengeteka kwedu.
Mimwe yemitemo uye chengetedzo miganho inosanganisira:
- Specific Absorption Rate (SAR): Icho chiyero chinoratidza huwandu hwesimba rinotorwa naro muviri wedu patinoshandisa serura. Vagadziri vanofanira kuona kuti nharembozha hadzipfuure mazinga eSAR akatarwa nemasangano anodzora.
- Kureba kwekuchengetedza: Zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza chinhambwe chishoma pakati pemuviri wedu uye nharembozha tichirishandisa. Ichi chiyero chinoderedza kuratidzwa kune radiofrequency radiation.
- Kushandisa mahedhifoni kana mutauri: Kushandisa mahedhifoni ane waya kana mutauri wenharembozha kunoderedza kuratidzwa kwemusoro nemuviri kune radiation inogadzirwa nemudziyo.
Nezvemichina yeX-ray, kune zvakare mirau uye miganhu yekuchengetedza kuchengetedza vese varwere nevashandi vekurapa. Mitemo iyi inosanganisira:
- Kudzivirira kwakakodzera: X-ray michina inofanirwa kuve nekudzivirira kwakaringana kudzikamisa kuratidzwa kune ionizing radiation.
- Maximum inobvumirwa dose: Miganhu inotarwa pahuwandu hwemwaranzi iyo munhu anogona kugamuchira panguva yeX-ray maitiro, kudzivirira zvinogona kukanganisa hutano.
- Kushandiswa kwemaapuroni uye zvidziviriro: Vashandi vekurapa vanofanirwa kupfeka maepuroni emutobvu nenhoo kuti vaderedze kubuda kwemwaranzi.
11. Mazano ekuderedza kuratidzwa kune nharembozha radiation
Mimwe mienzaniso inoratidzwa pazasi:
1. Shandisa mahedhifoni: Kushandisa mahedhifoni kunoderedza kuratidzwa kwakananga kune radiation nekudzivirira foni kubva pakubata zvakananga nemusoro wako.
2. Chengetedza serura kure nemuviri: Zvinokurudzirwa kuchengeta nharembozha yako iri chinhambwe kubva pamuviri wako, zviri nani mumabhegi kana mabhegi, pane kuitakura muhomwe kana kusungirirwa pamuviri wako.
3. Deredza nguva yekufona: Kurebesa kwatinenge tiri parunhare, ndiko kuwedzera kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi yenharembozha. Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kudzikamisa nguva yekufona uye kushandisa mameseji kana kutumira mameseji kana zvichiita.
12. Kurudziro kuderedza kuratidzwa kune radiation kubva kune x-ray michina
Mwaranzi kubva kumichina yeX-ray inogona kukuvadza kana iwe uchigara uchiiswa pairi kana muhuwandu hwakawanda. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kutevedzera dzimwe kurudziro kudzikisa kuratidzwa kune iyi radiation nekuchengetedza hutano hwedu.
Heano mamwe matanho aunogona kutora kuderedza kuratidzwa kune radiation kubva kumichina yeX-ray:
- Deredza huwandu hwenguva dzaunoongororwa x-ray, uchingozviita kana zvichinyatsodiwa.
- Sarudza zvivakwa zvakavimbika uye nyanzvi dzinotevedzera kuchengetedzwa kwese uye mhando mirau pakuita bvunzo dzeradiological.
- Shandisa zvinodzivirira zvinotungamira, senge hovhorosi kana maapuroni, kuvhara nzvimbo dzemuviri dzisingazoongororwa uye dzidzivirire kubva kumwaranzi.
- Chengetedza chinhambwe chakachengeteka pakati pemuviri wako nemuchina weX-ray, uchitevera mirairo yenyanzvi yeradiology.
- Dzivisa kuratidzwa kusingakoshi uye kwenguva refu kuX-rays, kunyangwe mumidziyo yekufungidzira. kushandiswa kwemunhu oga semichina inotakurika yeX-ray.
Rangarira kuti aya kurudziro angori mamwe matanho ekudzivirira kudzikisa kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi kubva kumichina yeX-ray Zvinogara zvakakosha kubvunzana nenyanzvi yezvehutano kuti uwane ruzivo uye rwemunhu nezve mamiriro ako.
13. Kushandisa zvine musoro kweserura uye X-ray zvishandiso: Mabhenefiti uye ekudzivirira.
Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakonzera kupararira kukuru kwemidziyo yemagetsi, senharembozha, uye kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemidziyo yeX-ray munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Kunyangwe matekinoroji aya achipa akawanda mabhenefiti, zvakakoshawo kuti titarise matanho anodiwa ekushandisa kwavo zvine mutoro uye zvakachengeteka.
Zvakanakira kushandisa nharembozha:
- Kukurukurirana pakarepo: Nharembozha dzinotibvumira kuti tibatanidzwe chero nguva nenzvimbo, tichifambisa kutaurirana pakati pevanhu vari kure.
- Kuwana ruzivo: Nekuda kweInternet uye nharembozha, nharembozha dzinopa nekukurumidza uye kunoshanda kuwana kune huwandu hukuru hweruzivo nemasevhisi.
- Varaidzo uye kubereka: Mafonifoni anopa akasiyana siyana evaraidzo sarudzo, senge mitambo nemapuratifomu ekutepfenyura, pamwe nemidziyo yekuitisa. wedzera kubereka, semakarenda uye zviziviso.
Kungwarira kwakakodzera paunenge uchishandisa nharembozha:
- Deredza nguva yekuratidzira: Nekuda kwemwaranzi yavanoburitsa, zvinokurudzirwa kuchengeta nhare pfupi uye kudzivirira kutakura mbozhanhare yako nguva dzose pedyo nemuviri wako.
- Usashandise paunenge uchityaira: Kushandisa nharembozha paunenge uchityaira kunowedzera njodzi yetsaona, saka zvakakosha kuti uteerere mumugwagwa.
- Chengetedza kuvanzika: Shandisa mapassword akakodzera uye sarudzo dzekuchengetedza panharembozha kuchengetedza ruzivo rwemunhu uye kudzivirira kubiwa kwedata.
Mabhenefiti uye ekudzivirira kana uchishandisa X-ray michina:
- Kuongororwa kwechiremba: X-rays inobvumira mifananidzo yakadzama kuti iwanikwe mukati memuviri, zvichiita kuti kuongororwa kwezvirwere uye kukuvara.
- Kudzora kwemhando muindasitiri: X-rays yakakosha mukuongororwa kwezvigadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa, kuvimbisa kunaka kwavo uye kuchengetedzeka.
- Deredza kuratidzwa: Izvo zvakakosha kuve nemidziyo yakagadziridzwa inoshandiswa nevashandi vakadzidziswa, kunyatsotevera mirairo yekuchengetedza uye kushandisa vadziviriri vakakodzera kudzikisa kuratidzwa kune radiation.
14. Mhedziso pamusiyano pakati pemwaranzi inoburitswa nenharembozha nemichina yeX-ray
1. Mukupedzisa, zvinofanirwa kuratidza kuti mwaranzi inoburitswa nenharembozha nemichina yeX-ray inosiyana zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvakati wandei. Kune kutanga, hunhu hwenharembozha radiation haisi-ionizing, zvichireva kuti haina simba rakakwana rekutyora zvisungo zvemakemikari kana kukonzera kukuvadza kwakananga kuDNA. Kune rimwe divi, mwaranzi kubva kumichina yeX-ray, sezita rayo rinoratidza, iri ionizing uye inogona kukonzera kukuvadza padanho remaserura.
2. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hwemwaranzi inoburitswa inosiyanawo pakati zvishandiso zviviri. Nharembozha dzinobudisa mwaranzi yeradiofrequency, iyo “ine simba rakaderera kana ichienzaniswa neX-rays. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nharembozha dzakagadzirwa kuti dzifambise masaini ekutaurirana nenzendo pfupi, nepo michina yeX-ray ichishandiswa. kugadzira yakadzama mifananidzo yezvokurapa uye inoda simba rakakura kupinda mukati memuviri wemunhu.
3. Chekupedzisira, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti nguva yekuvhenekerwa nemwaranzi inoita basa rakakosha pakuongorora njodzi dzinogona kuitika. Nepo radiation yenharembozha ichiramba ichiburitswa panguva yekufona kana kushandiswa kwenharembozha, X-ray radiation ipfupi uye inodzorwa, sezvo ichingoshandiswa panguva chaiyo yekurapwa. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kutevedzera mirairo yekuchengetedza uye kurudziro yakamisikidzwa kune ese marudzi emidziyo, kuitira kudzikisa chero mhedzisiro yehutano hunogona kuitika.
Mibvunzo neMhinduro
Mubvunzo: Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemwaranzi inoburitswa neserura neyemuchina weX-ray?
A: Musiyano mukuru pakati pemwaranzi inoburitswa nenharembozha uye iyo inogadzirwa neX-ray mudziyo uri muhunhu hwayo uye mazinga esimba.
Mubvunzo: Minda yemwaranzi inorongwa sei?
A: Minda yemwaranzi inoiswa mumapoka maviri: ionizing uye isiri-ionizing. Mwaranzi kubva kumichina yeX-ray iri ionizing, nepo mwaranzi kubva kunharembozha isiri-ionizing.
Mubvunzo: Zvinorevei kuti radiation ive "ionizing"?
A: Mwaranzi yeionizing ine simba rakakwana rekuburitsa maerekitironi kubva kumaatomu kana mamorekuru ayo anodyidzana nawo, nokudaro achigadzira maion anochajiswa magetsi. Uku kugona kuita ionize zvinhu kunogona kuve nekukuvadza hutano.
Mubvunzo: Mhepo inoburitswa nenharembozha inosanganisirei?
A: Iyo isiri-ionizing radiation inoburitswa nenharembozha inoumbwa neradiofrequency electromagnetic minda. Iyi minda inogadzirwa neantenna yemudziyo uye inoshandiswa kufambisa nekugamuchira masaini ekutaurirana.
Mubvunzo: Ko radiation isiri-ionizing inoburitswa nenharembozha ine ngozi here?
A: Zvinoenderana nezvidzidzo zvesainzi zvazvino, radiation isiri-ionizing kubva kunharembozha inoonekwa seyakachengeteka kuhutano, chero bedzi miganho yekuratidzira yakatarwa nemirairo yepasi rose yazadzikiswa. Iyi miganho yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kuipa kwehutano mhedzisiro kubva mukuratidzwa kwenguva refu.
Mubvunzo: Chii chinoitika kune mwaranzi yeionizing kubva kumichina yeX-ray?
A: Iyo ionizing radiation kubva kuX-ray zvishandiso ine simba rakakwirira kudarika risingaite ionizing radhi kubva kunharembozha. Inoshandiswa mune zvekurapa kugadzira yakadzama mifananidzo yemukati memuviri, asi inoda mamwe matanho ekuzvidzivirira nekuda kwekugona kwayo kuonisa mamorekuru mumuviri wemunhu.
Mubvunzo: Varwere nevashandi vekurapa vanodzivirirwa sei kubva kune ionizing radiation kubva kuX-rays?
A: Matanho akasiyana-siyana ekudzivirira anoitwa, akadai sekushandiswa kwemaapuroni emutobvu, kugadziridzwa kwemwaranzi dosi, nzira dzekusefa, uye kudzivirira kwekamuri yeX-ray Matanho aya anoderedza kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi uye kudzivirira zvese kuvarwere nevashandi vekurapa.
Mubvunzo: Muchidimbu, ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemwaranzi kubva parunhare uye kubva kumuchina weX-ray?
A: Musiyano mukuru ndewe muzvisikwa uye mwero wesimba remwaranzi. Mwaranzi yenharembozha haisi-ionizing uye inowanzoonekwa yakachengeteka mukati memiganhu yakatarwa. Kune rimwe divi, mwaranzi kubva kuX-ray muchina iri ionizing uye inoda mamwe matanho ekuzvidzivirira nekuda kwesimba rayo rakakura uye kugona kweionization yemamorekuru emuviri wemunhu.
Mukupedzisa
Muchidimbu, zvakakosha kuratidza mutsauko wakakosha pakati pemwaranzi inoburitswa nenharembozha uye yemuchina weX-ray Nepo nharembozha dzichiburitsa mwaranzi weradiofrequency, michina yeX-ray inoshandisa mwaranzi weiyo-energy.
Iyo radiation kubva munharembozha, inozivikanwa seisina-ionizing, inoonekwa seyakaderera simba uye iri mu microwave renji. Kunyangwe gakava pamusoro pezvinogona kuitika pahutano hwemwaranzi iyi richiri kuenderera mberi, ongororo dzakawanda dzesainzi dzakagumisa kuti mazinga emwaranzi anoburitswa nenharembozha anowanzochengeteka kushandiswa kwemazuva ese.
Nekune rimwe divi, michina yeX-ray inoshandisa mwaranzi yeionizing, iyo ine simba rakakwirira uye inokwanisa ionizing maatomu nemamorekuru ayo anodyidzana nawo. Iyi radiation inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munharaunda yekurapa kuwana mifananidzo yemukati yemuviri uye kuongororwa kwakaringana, asi inofanirwa kutungamirwa uye kutariswa nevashandi vakadzidziswa kuti vadzivise kukuvadzwa.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti njodzi dzine chekuita nemwaranzi yeionizing dzinongomuka mumamiriro ekuratidzwa kwenguva refu kana kuwandisa, senge mukurapwa kunosanganisira kuwanda kwemwaranzi. Naizvozvo, mwaranzi inoburitswa nemichina yeX-ray pasi peyakajairwa uye yakakodzera mamiriro yakachengeteka uye inodzorwa.
Mukupedzisa, mutsauko mukuru pakati pemwaranzi inoburitswa nenharembozha uye yeX-ray mudziyo uri mumhando yayo uye chiyero chesimba. Nepo mwaranzi kubva kunharembozha isiri-ionizing uye yakaderera simba, mwaranzi kubva kune X-ray mudziyo iri ionizing uye yakakwirira simba. Marudzi ese ari maviri emwaranzi ane zvinangwa zvakasiyana uye mhedzisiro, saka zvakakosha kuti unzwisise maitiro avo uye anobatanidzwa ekudzivirira kana uchiashandisa.
Ini ndiri Sebastián Vidal, injiniya wekombuta anofarira nezve tekinoroji uye DIY. Uyezve, ndini musiki we tecnobits.com, kwandinogovera zvidzidzo kuti tekinoroji iwanikwe uye inonzwisisika kumunhu wese.