Mvumo yarambwa kukanganisa paLinux

Kugadziridzwa kwekupedzisira: 29/06/2023
Munyori: Sebastian Vidal

Nhanganyaya: Mvumo Yaramba Kukanganisa muLinux

Munyika inonakidza ye sisitimu yekushandisa MuLinux, manejimendi emvumo chikamu chakakosha chekuona kuchengetedzeka uye kushanda kwakanaka kweakasiyana mashandiro uye zvirongwa. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva vashandisi vanogona kusangana nechipingamupinyi chinoshungurudza chinozivikanwa se "Mvumo Yakaramba Kukanganisa." Iyi meseji yekukanganisa, mhinduro yakajairika kubva kuLinux system, inoratidza kuti mushandisi haana mvumo inodiwa yekuwana iyo sisitimu. kune faira kana kuita murairo chaiwo. Muchikamu chino, tichanyatsoongorora mamiriro echikanganiso ichi uye nekupawo mhinduro dzinoshanda dzekugadzirisa nayo. zvinobudiriraKana iwe uchida kuongorora zvakadzika munyika inonakidza yeLinux mvumo uye kuvhura mikana yehurongwa hwako, verenga enderera!

1. Nhanganyaya yeMvumo Yarambwa Kukanganisa muLinux

Paunenge uchishanda neLinux, unogona kunge wakasangana ne "mvumo yakanyimwa" kukanganisa pane imwe nguva. Iko kukanganisa kunoitika paunoyedza kuwana kana kugadzirisa faira kana dhairekitori rausina mvumo yakakodzera. Sezvineiwo, dambudziko iri rinogona kugadziriswa nekutevera matanho mashoma ari nyore.

Kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwarambwa, unofanira kutanga watarisa mvumo yefaira kana dhairekitori riri mubvunzo. Iwe unogona kuita izvi uchishandisa murairo ls -l, iyo icharatidza runyoro rwemafaira nemadhairekitori ane mvumo yavo. Cherechedza kuverenga (r), nyora (w), uye ita (x) makoramu emushandisi, boka, uye zvimwe.

Kana iwe uchinge waziva iyo faira kana dhairekitori ine zvisizvo mvumo, unogona kushandisa rairo chmod kugadzirisa mvumo. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kupa mvumo yekunyora kumushandisi, unogona kushandisa murairo chmod u+w archivo. Rangarira kuti iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa sarudzo g yeboka uye o kune vamwe vashandisi. Uyezve, iwe unogona kuwedzera mvumo yekuverenga ne r, kuurayiwa ne x kana kubvisa nayo -.

2. Zvakajairwa Zvinokonzera Mvumo Yarambwa Kukanganisa muLinux

Mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux idambudziko rakajairika rinogona kuitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati. Pazasi pane zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvinowanzoitika uye nzira yekuzvigadzirisa:

1. Mvumo isiriyo pafaira kana dhairekitori: Ita shuwa kuti faira kana dhairekitori mvumo ndeyechokwadi. Iwe unogona kushandisa iyo ls -l kuraira kuti uone zvibvumirano zvazvino uye muridzi wefaira kana dhairekitori. Kana zvibvumirano zvisina kunaka, unogona kuzvishandura uchishandisa chmod command. Semuenzaniso, kupa kuverenga, kunyora, uye kuita mvumo kune muridzi wefaira, shandisa iyo chmod u + rwx faira rekuraira.

2. Faira kana dhairekitori riri kushandiswa neimwe nzira: Kana iwe ukagamuchira mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa paunenge uchiedza kuwana faira kana dhairekitori, inogona kunge iri kushandiswa neimwe nzira. Unogona kushandisa lsof command kuona kuti ndeapi maitiro ari kushandisa imwe faira kana dhairekitori wobva wauraya maitiro iwayo. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo faira iri kushandiswa nemaitiro anonzi myprocess, unogona kushandisa killall myprocess command kuti ipere.

3. SELinux Matambudziko: SELinux ndeye Linux kuchengetedza nzira inogona kushandisa mamwe ekuchengetedza marongero kumafaira nemadhairekitori. Kana SELinux ikagoneswa, inogona kukonzera nyaya dzemvumo. Unogona kutarisa kana SELinux inogoneswa uchishandisa iyo "sestatus" murairo uye woidzima kwenguva pfupi uchishandisa iyo "setenforce 0" murairo. Nekudaro, ziva kuti kudzima SELinux kunogona kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwehurongwa hwako, saka ipfungwa yakanaka kuferefeta chakakonzera dambudziko uye gadzirisa yako SELinux marongero zvinoenderana.

3. Kuziva uye Kugadzirisa Matambudziko Mvumo Yarambwa Zvikanganiso muLinux

Mvumo yakarambwa zvikanganiso zvakajairika paLinux masisitimu uye zvinogona kuitika kana uchiedza kuwana kana kugadzirisa mafaera nemadhairekitori. Aya marudzi ekukanganisa anoratidza kuti mushandisi kana boka harina mvumo inodiwa kuita chiito chaunoda.

Kuti uone uye kugadzirisa zvikanganiso izvi, unogona kutevera matanho aya:

  • Tarisa faira kana dhairekitori mvumo: Shandisa murairo ls -l kunyora zvirimo nemvumo dzayo. Wona kuti mushandisi anodiwa kana boka rine mvumo dzakakodzera.
  • Shandura mvumo: Kana zvichidikanwa, shandisa murairo chmod kushandura mvumo yefaira kana dhairekitori. Semuyenzaniso, chmod u+rwx archivo.txt ichapa mushandisi kuverenga, kunyora uye kuita mvumo pafaira.
  • Tarisa mvumo yedhairekitori revabereki: Ita shuwa kuti dhairekitori revabereki rinewo mvumo yakakodzera yekubvumidza zviito zvinodiwa.
  • Mhanya se superuser: Kana pasina imwe yemhinduro dziri pamusoro inoshanda, edza kumhanyisa murairo sesuperuser uchishandisa prefix sudo.

Rangarira kuti kushandura mvumo zvisiri izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwehurongwa. Ingogara iri zano rakanaka kutsigira mafaera akakosha usati waita shanduko yakakosha yemvumo. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti mamwe mafaera ehurongwa uye madhairekitori anoda rombo rakakosha kugadzirisa.

4. Diagnostic Zvishandiso zveMvumo Yakarambwa Kukanganisa muLinux

Kuti ugadzirise mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux, kune akati wandei maturusi ekuongorora anogona kubatsira kuona nekugadzirisa dambudziko. Pazasi pane zvimwe zvezvishandiso zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa:

1. 'ls -l' kuraira: Uyu murairo unoratidza mvumo kubva pafaira kana dhairekitori setambo yemavara. Mvumo yakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu: muridzi, boka, uye zvimwe. Kana boka razvino kana mushandisi asina mvumo yakakodzera, unogona kuzvishandura uchishandisa 'chmod' kana 'chown' mirairo.

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2. 'dmesg' kuraira: Uyu murairo unoratidza kernel meseji log, kwaunogona kuwana ruzivo rwakakodzera nezve mvumo yakarambwa zvikanganiso. Unogona kusefa mameseji ane chekuita nemvumo uchishandisa unotevera kuraira: 'dmesg | grep yaramba'.

3. 'strace' command: Ichi chishandiso chinokutendera kuti utsvage kuitwa kwechirongwa uye kuratidza yega yega system inofona yainoita. Inogona kubatsira pakuona kuti ndeipi system yekufona iri kugadzira mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa. Semuenzaniso, unogona kumhanya iyo 'strace ls' kuraira kuteedzera ese masystem mafoni akaitwa ne 'ls' murairo.

5. Kugadzirisa Faira uye Dhairekitori Mvumo muLinux

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvehutungamiri hwe sisitimu yekushandisa Linux ndeyese nezve kutonga faira uye dhairekitori mvumo. Mvumo inzira yekuchengetedza iyo inokutendera iwe kudzora kuti ndiani anogona kuwana, kuverenga, kunyora, kana kuita mafaera uye madhairekitori pane yako system. Aya marongero akakosha pakuchengetedza kuvimbika kwedata uye chengetedzo. Pazasi, isu tinotsanangura maitiro ekugadzirisa faira uye dhairekitori mvumo muLinux. nhanho nhanho.

Nhanho yekutanga yekumisikidza mvumo ndeyekuona faira kana dhairekitori ratinoda kushandisa shanduko. Isu tichashandisa iyo "ls" murairo inoteverwa nenzira inoenda kufaira kana dhairekitori kunyora zvirimo uye kuona mvumo iripo. Tevere, isu tichashandisa iyo "chmod" kuraira kugadzirisa mvumo. Mvumo yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: muridzi, boka, uye vamwe. Kuti tishandure mvumo yefaira kana dhairekitori, isu tichashandisa akakodzera manhamba kana ekufananidzira makodhi mushure me "chmod" murairo. Semuenzaniso, kubvumira kuverenga nekunyora kumuridzi, asi kungoverengera boka uye nevamwe, taizoshandisa kodhi "chmod 644 file.txt."

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, tingangoda kushandura muridzi kana boka refaira kana dhairekitori. Kuti tiite izvi, tinoshandisa "chown" uye "chgrp" mirairo, zvichiteerana. Semuenzaniso, kushandura muridzi wefaira "file.txt" kumushandisi "mushandisi," tinoshandisa murairo "chown user file.txt." Saizvozvowo, kushandura boka refaira kuti "boka," taizoshandisa murairo "chgrp group file.txt." Iyi mirairo inogona kubatsira kana tichida kuendesa muridzi wefaira kana dhairekitori kune mumwe mushandisi kana boka.

6. Kushandisa Mirairo Kugadzirisa Mvumo Yakarambwa Kukanganisa muLinux

Kuti ugadzirise mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux, unogona kushandisa akasiyana mirairo uye matekiniki. Pazasi pane nhanho-ne-nhanho gwara rekugadzirisa dambudziko iri:

  1. Tarisa mvumo yefaira kana dhairekitori riri mubvunzo. Izvi Zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa murairo ls -l, iyo icharatidza runyoro rwakadzama rwemvumo dzeese faira kana dhairekitori mune yazvino dhairekitori.
  2. Kana iyezvino mushandisi asina mvumo inodiwa yekuwana kana kugadzirisa iyo faira kana dhairekitori, unogona kuedza kushandura muridzi uchishandisa murairo. chown, inoteverwa nezita rekushandisa uye zita refaira kana dhairekitori. Semuyenzaniso, chown usuario archivo.
  3. Kana mvumo yekunyora ichidikanwa, kupinda kunogona kupihwa uchishandisa murairo chmod. Semuyenzaniso, chmod +w archivo ichapa mvumo yekunyora kune faira yemushandisi aripo.

Pane mimwe mirairo uye matekiniki anogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa kukanganisa uku, sekuraira sudo kumhanyisa mirairo ine superuser ropafadzo kana murairo chgrp kuchinja boka ravari. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa inogona kunge ine hukama neboka uye mushandisi marongero mukati sisitimu yekushandisa.

Muchidimbu, kugadzirisa mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux kunosanganisira kutarisa uye kugadzirisa faira uye dhairekitori mvumo uchishandisa mirairo senge. ls -l, chown y chmod. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti mimwe mirairo ine hukama inoshanda sei uye kuongorora boka uye marongero evashandisi muhurongwa hwekushandisa.

7. Kushandisa Mvumo Dzakajeka muLinux Kuti Udzivise Mvumo Yarambwa Chikanganiso

Kuti udzivise inogumbura "mvumo yakanyimwa" meseji paunenge uchimhanya mirairo mulinux, zvinodikanwa kuisa mvumo chaiyo kune mafaera anoenderana kana madhairekitori. Matanho anotevera akadzama kugadzirisa nyaya iyi:

  1. Tarisa zvibvumirano zvazvino: Zvakakosha kutarisa mvumo iripo yefaira kana dhairekitori riri mubvunzo. Kuti uite izvi, unogona kushandisa murairo ls -l pachiteshi.
  2. Shandura mvumo: nemirairo chmod, zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa mvumo yefaira kana dhairekitori. Semuenzaniso, kupa kunyora uye kuita mvumo kune faira, unogona kushandisa murairo chmod +wx archivo.
  3. Uchishandisa superuser mirairo: Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ungangoda superuser ropafadzo yekushandisa mvumo shanduko. Unogona kushandisa murairo sudo pamberi pemirairo iri pamusoro apa kusimudzira ropafadzo.

Izvo zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kupa kunyora kana kuita mvumo kune mafaera kana madhairekitori kunogona kuunza njodzi yekuchengetedza, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuzviita nemazvo uye chete kana zvichidikanwa. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti shanduko idzi dzinongobata mushandisi wazvino kwete vamwe vashandisi kana mapoka.

Muchidimbu, kushandisa mvumo chaiyo muLinux ndiyo mhinduro inoshanda yekudzivirira iyo "mvumo yakanyimwa" kukanganisa. Nokutevera matanho ataurwa pamusoro apa, unogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri nyore. Gara uchiyeuka kutarisa zvibvumirano zvazvino, zvigadzirise sezvinodiwa, uye shandisa superuser mirairo kana zvichidikanwa.

8. Kudzivirira uye Kuderedza Mvumo Yarambwa Zvikanganiso muLinux

MuLinux, mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa inogona kuve dambudziko rakajairika paunenge uchiedza kuwana mamwe mafaera kana madhairekitori. Sezvineiwo, pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzekudzivirira nekudzikamisa chikanganiso ichi, uye muchikamu chino, tinopa mamwe nhanho-ne-nhanho mhinduro.

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1. Tarisa faira kana mvumo yedhairekitori: Danho rekutanga kutarisa mvumo yefaira kana dhairekitori rauri kuedza kuwana. Iwe unogona kushandisa iyo ls -l command kuona mvumo yemafaira uye madhairekitori pane yako system. Ita shuwa kuti une mvumo yakakodzera yekuwana iyo faira kana dhairekitori. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa chmod kuraira kushandura mvumo kana zvichidikanwa.

2. Shandura varidzi vefaira uye mapoka: Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa inogona kuitika nekuti hausi muridzi wefaira kana dhairekitori. Unogona kushandisa "chown" kuraira kuti uchinje muridzi neboka refaira kana dhairekitori. Iva nechokwadi chokuti une ropafadzo dzinodiwa kuti uite shanduko iyi.

3. Shandisa mirairo ye superuser: Kana pasina rimwe rematanho ari pamusoro rinoshanda, ungangoda kushandisa mirairo ye superuser. Unogona kushandisa "sudo" murairo uchiteverwa nemurairo waunoda kumhanya kuti uwane ropafadzo dzepamusoro-soro kwenguva pfupi. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uite zviito zvinoda mvumo dzakakwirira. Nekudaro, chenjera kana uchishandisa superuser mirairo kudzivirira kuita shanduko dzisingadiwe kune yako system.

Nekutevera matanho aya, iwe unofanirwa kukwanisa kudzivirira uye kudzikisira mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux. Gara uchiyeuka kungwarira pakuita shanduko yemvumo kana kushandisa superuser mirairo, sezvo izvi zvichigona kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka uye kugadzikana kwehurongwa hwako.

9. Shandisa nyaya yekuongorora yemvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux

Mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa nderimwe rematambudziko anowanzo kutarisana nevashandisi veLinux. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora mashandisiro chaiwo kana kukanganisa uku kunoitika uye topa nhanho-ne-nhanho mhinduro kuigadzirisa.

Kutanga, tichapa nhevedzano yezvidzidzo zvinotarisa pane zvakajairika mamiriro apo mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa kunoitika. Aya matutorials anozopa gwara rakadzama rekuti ungaziva sei chisakiso chedambudziko uye magadzirirwo aro. zvinobudirira.

Pamusoro pezvo, tichagovera matipi anobatsira uye maturusi ayo vashandisi veLinux vanogona kushandisa kugadzirisa mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa. Zvishandiso izvi zvinogona kusanganisira zviteshi zvemirairo, zvibvumirano zvekutonga, uye zvimwe zvinogadzirisa zvinorerutsa maitiro ekugadzirisa matambudziko.

10. Mvumo yakaramba kukanganisa muLinux: zvinorehwa nekuchengetedza system

Mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakosha yekuchengetedza sisitimu, sezvo ichigona kubvumidza kupinda kusingatenderwe kune anonzwa mafaera uye madhairekitori. Kukanganisa uku kunowanzoitika kana mushandisi achiedza kuwana faira kana dhairekitori ravasina mvumo yakakodzera.

Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, pane zvakawanda zvinogoneka kugadzirisa. Imwe sarudzo ndeyekutarisa mvumo yefaira kana dhairekitori riri mubvunzo uchishandisa rairo ls -lIzvi zvicharatidza zvibvumirano zvakapihwa kune yega faira uye dhairekitori mune rondedzero yemhedzisiro. Izvo zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti mushandisi ane mvumo yakakodzera yekuwana faira kana dhairekitori zvichikonzera kukanganisa.

Kana dambudziko rikaramba riripo, unogona kuedza kushandura mvumo uchishandisa murairo chmod. Semuenzaniso, kupa kuverenga, kunyora, uye kuita mvumo kune yakatarwa faira, unogona kushandisa rairo chmod u+rwx archivo. Uyu murairo unozopa mvumo dzakakodzera kumuridzi wefaira. Zvinogonekawo kupa mvumo kumapoka kana vese vashandisi vachishandisa sarudzo g y o zvichiteerana.

11. Zvichangobva kuitika uye zvigamba zvekugadzirisa mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux

Kurambwa kwemvumo muLinux kunogona kuve dambudziko rinoshungurudza, asi rombo rakanaka, kune akati wandei achangoburwa zvigadziriso uye zvigamba zviripo kugadzirisa kukanganisa uku. Heano mamwe nhanho-nhanho mhinduro dzekukubatsira kugadzirisa iyo mvumo yakarambwa nyaya paLinux system yako.

1. Kuvandudza sisitimu yako yekushandisaIta shuwa kuti une zvazvino zvigadziriso zvekugovera kwako Linux. Unogona kuita izvi nekumhanyisa murairo "sudo apt update" inoteverwa ne "sudo apt upgrade." Izvi zvinoita kuti uve neazvino bug kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza zvigamba zvakaiswa pane yako system.

2. Tarisa mvumo yefaira: Ita shuwa kuti mvumo yefaira ndeyechokwadi. Iwe unogona kuita izvi nekumhanyisa iyo "ls -l" kuraira mune dhairekitori iri mubvunzo kuti uone mvumo yefaira rega rega. Kana iwe ukaona zvibvumirano zvisina kunaka, unogona kuzvishandura uchishandisa iyo "chmod" kuraira. Semuenzaniso, kupa mvumo yekunyora kumuridzi wefaira, unogona kumhanya "chmod u+w faira."

3. Shandura muridzi wefaira neboka: Kana mvumo yefaira yakarurama ikasagadzirisa nyaya, ungangoda kuchinja muridzi wefaira neboka. Iwe unogona kuita izvi ne "chown" murairo unoteverwa nezita rekushandisa uye faira kana dhairekitori. Semuenzaniso, kana uchida kushandura muridzi wefaira rine zita rinonzi "example.txt" kuti riite "mushandisi," mhanya "sudo chown user example.txt."

Nekutevera matanho aya, iwe unofanirwa kukwanisa kugadzirisa mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa pane yako Linux system. Kana dambudziko rikaramba riripo, tinokurudzira kutsvaga chaiwo tutorials, uchishandisa maturusi ekugadzirisa matambudziko, uye kutaura kune mienzaniso yakanangana nekugovera kwako Linux. Gara uchiyeuka kungwarira paunenge uchiita shanduko kune zvibvumirano zvefaira uye varidzi, uye ive shuwa ma backups kana paine matambudziko. Rombo rakanaka!

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12. Kugadzirisa matambudziko kwemvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux

Pazasi, isu tichatsanangura matanho ekugadzirisa mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux. Kutanga, zvakakosha kutarisa mvumo yefaira kana dhairekitori riri mubvunzo. Kuti uite izvi, unogona kushandisa murairo ls -l kunyora mvumo nevaridzi. Kana zvichidikanwa, unogona kushandura muridzi kana boka uchishandisa murairo chown o chgrp.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvinokurudzirwa kutarisa mvumo yepasi rose yehurongwa uchishandisa murairo umask kuve nechokwadi chekuti mafaera matsva ane mvumo yakakodzera. Zvinobatsirawo kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita mvumo muLinux, uko faira rega rega kana dhairekitori rakaverenga, kunyora, uye kuita mvumo yemuridzi, boka, uye vamwe vashandisi. Izvi zvinokubvumira kuti uise zvirambidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuwana.

Kana dambudziko rikaramba riripo, unogona kushandisa murairo chmod kushandura mvumo nemaoko. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kupa mvumo yekunyora kune vese vashandisi pafaira, unogona kushandisa chmod a+w archivo. ... -R mumurairo chmod.

13. Zvishandiso uye zviwanikwa zvekudzidza zvakawanda nezve mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux

Kana iwe ukasangana nemvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux, kune akati wandei maturusi uye zviwanikwa zvaunogona kushandisa kudzidza zvakawanda nezve dambudziko iri uye kurigadzirisa. nzira inoshandaPazasi pane dzimwe sarudzo dzekukubatsira nekuita uku:

  • Zvidzidzo zvepamhepo: Kune akawanda tutorials anowanikwa online anopa nhanho-ne-nhanho madhairekitori ekugadzirisa matambudziko mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux. Izvi zvidzidzo zvinowanzobatanidza mienzaniso uye mazano anobatsira ekugadzirisa mamiriro akasiyana. Mamwe mawebhusaiti anozivikanwa anopa zvidzidzo zvakadaro anosanganisira Linux.com, Linuxize, uye Tecmint.
  • Maforamu nenharaunda: Linux maforamu uye nharaunda inzvimbo huru dzekutsvaga rubatsiro uye kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa. Iwe unogona kutumira dambudziko rako chairo uye kugamuchira mhinduro uye mhinduro kubva kune vane ruzivo vashandisi. Mamwe maforamu anokurudzirwa uye nharaunda dzinosanganisira AskUbuntu, LinuxQuestions, uye Reddit /r/linux.
  • Linux Zvishandiso uye Mirairo: Kunze kwezviwanikwa zvepamhepo, kune zvakare akati wandei Linux maturusi uye mirairo inogona kubatsira mukugadzirisa mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa. Mimwe yemirairo yakajairika inosanganisira chmod, chown, uye chgrp, iyo inokutendera iwe kugadzirisa mvumo uye varidzi vemafaira nemadhairekitori. Pamusoro pezvo, zvishandiso zvakaita seAccessControlLists (ACLs) uye SELinux zvinogona kushandiswa kune yakanyatso kudzora mvumo yekutonga muLinux.

14. Mhedziso uye kufunga kwekupedzisira pamvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux

Mukupedzisa, mvumo yakarambwa kukanganisa muLinux inogona kunetsa, asi hazvigoneke kugadzirisa. Kuburikidza nenhevedzano ye matanho nepfungwa dzekufunga, tinogona kugadzirisa nyaya iyi uye kuwanazve kuwana kwakakodzera. Pazasi pane mamwe akakosha ekupedzisira kufunga pamusoro pekugadzirisa kukanganisa uku.

1. Tarisa mvumo: Usati watora chimwe chiitiko, zvakakosha kuti utarise mvumo yefaira kana dhairekitori riri mubvunzo. Shandisa iyo ls -l command kuratidza zvibvumirano zvazvino. Kana zvichidikanwa, shandisa chmod murairo kuti uchinje mvumo kune zvakakosha zvakakosha.

2. Chinja kumudziyo mushandisi: Mune zvimwe zviitiko, tingangoda kuchinjira kumushandisi wemudzi kuti tigadzirise nyaya iyi. Shandisa iyo "su mudzi" kuraira kuti uchinje kune mudzi mushandisi, wobva waedza chiito changa chiri kukonzera mvumo kurambwa kukanganisa.

3. Shandisa murairo we "chown": Kana dambudziko rikaramba riripo, ungada kuchinja muridzi wefaira kana dhairekitori. Shandisa "chown" murairo kupa muridzi akakodzera kufaira kana dhairekitori. Semuenzaniso, "chown user:group file." Izvi zvinoshandura muridzi kune akatsanangurwa mushandisi neboka.

Mukupedzisa, iyo "mvumo yakanyimwa" kukanganisa muLinux inzvimbo yakajairika vashandisi vanogona kusangana nayo pavanenge vachiedza kuwana kana kuita mamwe mafaera kana madhairekitori. Iyi meseji yekukanganisa chiyero chekuchengetedza chinochengetedza sisitimu yekushandisa uye data yemushandisi.

Chinyorwa chapa nzwisiso yakadzama yezvinonyanya kukonzera kukanganisa uku, kusanganisira mvumo, muridzi, uye nyaya dzeboka. Nhanho-ne-nhanho mhinduro dzakapihwawo kugadzirisa aya mamiriro, sekushandisa iyo chmod command kuchinja mvumo kana chown kushandura muridzi wefaira kana dhairekitori.

Kuti udzivise kusangana nechikanganiso ichi mune ramangwana, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise mashandiro anoita mvumo muLinux, pamwe nekuchengetedza maitiro akanaka ekuchengetedza. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti unopa mvumo yakakodzera kumafaira nemadhairekitori, uye nguva nenguva uchiongorora marongero eropafadzo, zvichabatsira kudzivirira "mvumo yakanyimwa" nyaya uye ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza system nharaunda. yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika.

Muchidimbu, kunyangwe iyo "mvumo yakanyimwa" kukanganisa kunogona kushungurudza, neruzivo nemhinduro dzakapihwa muchinyorwa chino, vashandisi veLinux vanogona kunyatsogadzirisa nekugadzirisa nyaya idzi. Ngatigarei tichirangarira kukosha kwekuchengetedza uye nemvumo yakanaka manejimendi munzvimbo yeLinux kuti tive nechokwadi chekushanda kwehurongwa uye kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwedata redu.