Ndeapi mazinga akasiyana eAndroid API?

Kugadziridzwa kwekupedzisira: 23/09/2023
Munyori: Sebastian Vidal

Ndeapi mazinga akasiyana eAndroid API?

Android, iyo nhare yekushandisa system yakagadziridzwa neGoogle, ine akasiyana siyana maAPIs anobvumira vanogadzira kugadzira maapplication uye kutora mukana wakakwana wezvishandiso zvezvishandiso. Pakati peaya maAPI, pane mazinga akasiyana anoenderana neakasiyana mavhezheni e sisitimu yekushandisa. Imwe neimwe API nhanho inopa hutsva maficha uye zvigadziriso, zvichibvumira vanogadzira gadzira mapurogiramu yakawedzera uye yakagadziridzwa kune yega yega vhezheni ye Android.

API level 1: Android 1.0

API level 1 inoenderana neyokutanga vhezheni yeruzhinji yeAndroid, yakaburitswa munaGunyana 2008. Iyi vhezheni yekutanga yaive nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakakosha, sekugona kufona, kutumira mameseji, uye kuwana Internet . Iyo Level 1 API⁤ yakapa mabasa akakosha ekugadzira maapplication eAndroid.

API Level 16: Android 4.1 Jelly⁣ Bean

Android 4.1 Jelly Bean, yakaburitswa muna Chikunguru 2012, yakaunza kuvandudzwa kwakawanda pachikuva uye yakapa zvinhu zvitsva zvevagadziri. API nhanho 16 inosanganisira maficha akadai seakawanda mushandisi profiles modhi, inowedzerwa zviziviso, uye kugona kuseta zviito zvakanangana nezviziviso. Kuvandudzwa uku kwakabvumira vanogadzira kugadzira mamwe anodyidzana uye akasarudzika maapplication.

API level 30: Android 11

Android 11, yazvino vhezheni yehurongwa hwekushanda, yakaunza akati wandei kuchengetedza uye kuvanzika kuvandudzwa, pamwe nezvinhu zvitsva zvekuvandudza ruzivo rwemushandisi. API level 30 inopa maficha akadai semabhubhu ekutaura, yakasanganiswa midhiya kutonga, uye kuwana ruzivo rwekamera. Aya magadzirirwo anobvumira vanogadzira kugadzira yakachengeteka, inoshanda uye inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana maapplication anochinjika kune yazvino vhezheni yeAndroid.

Muchidimbu, Android's API mazinga akasiyana siyana⁤inopa vanogadzira akasiyana maficha⁢uye gadziridzo ⁤ kugadzira maapplication⁤ akachinjirwa kune akasiyana vhezheni ye⁢ inoshanda sisitimu. Neyega yega vhezheni itsva, vanogadzira vanogona kuwana maficha matsva uye maturusi anovabvumidza kutora mukana wakazara wehunyanzvi hwemidziyo yeAroid. Kuziva uye kunzwisisa aya akasiyana API mazinga kwakakosha pakuvandudza mhando yeAroid application.

1. Nhanganyaya kune Android API mazinga

Android API mazinga anoreva kune akasiyana mavhezheni eiyo Android inoshanda sisitimu yakaburitswa nekufamba kwenguva. Imwe neimwe vhezheni yeAndroid inouya neyakasiyana API, iyo inobvumira vanogadzira kuvaka maapplication anoenderana neiyo vhezheni uye kutora mukana weazvino maficha uye mashandiro eAPI akakosha kune vanogadzira sezvo vachipa nhungamiro pane seti yemabasa uye kugona izvo⁤ unogona kushandisa paunenge uchigadzira⁤ maapplication ako.

Android yakaburitsa akati wandei mavhezheni e sisitimu yako yekushandisa nekufamba kwemakore, imwe neimwe iine yayo API level. Dzimwe shanduro dzinozivikanwa dzinosanganisira Android 2.3 (Gingerbread), Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich), Android 5.0 (Lollipop), Android 6.0 (Marshmallow), Android 7.0 (Nougat), Android 8.0 (Oreo), Android 9.0 (Pie) uye Android 10.0 (Q). Kuburitswa kwega kwega kunounza mashandiro matsva uye kuvandudzwa papuratifomu, uye vanogadzira vanogona kutora mukana wekuvandudzwa uku nekunanga imwe API level pavanenge vachigadzira maapplication avo.

Nekunanga yakananga API level, vagadziri vanogona kutora mukana weazvino maficha uye mashandiro ayo akawedzerwa kune iyo vhezheni yeAroid. Izvi zvinovatendera kuti vagadzire mamwe epamberi uye akakwenenzverwa maapplication ekupa epamusoro mushandisi ruzivo. Pamusoro pezvo, yega yega API nhanho ine kuseri kunoenderana, zvinoreva kuti maapplication akavakirwa API level anowanzo kushanda pane ekare mavhezheni eiyo Android inoshanda system. Nekudaro, zvakakoshawo kufunga nezve API zvirambidzo uye shanduko dzinogona kukanganisa kuenderana kwezvikumbiro pamazinga akasiyana eAPI.

2. API level 1: Inopa zvinhu zvipi?

El API level 1 Android ndiyo hwaro hwaro hweiyo inoshanda sisitimu, ichipa zvakakosha mashandiro ekuvandudza application. Uchishandisa iyi API level, vagadziri vanogona kuwana akasiyana maficha anosanganisira:

  • Activity management: Iyo inobvumira manejimendi uye kutonga kweakasiyana zviitiko uye mabasa mune Android application. Vagadziri vanogona kushandisa kufamba pakati pemashandisirwo skrini uye kugadzirisa hupenyu hwezviitiko.
  • Kutarisira zviwanikwa: Inopa maturusi ekuwana uye kushandisa zviwanikwa zveapp, senge mifananidzo, maodhiyo mafaera, mavhidhiyo, uye mamwe marudzi emultimedia zvirimo. Izvi zvinobvumira maapplication kuti awedzere kupindirana uye anoyevedza yevashandisi.
  • Zviziviso: Inobvumira mapurogiramu kutumira zviziviso kuvashandisi, kuvazivisa nezvezviitiko zvakakosha kana zvigadziriso. Izvi zviziviso zvinogona kuratidzwa mubhawa yemamiriro emudziyo kana muchimiro chezviziviso zvepop-up.
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Uyezve, API level 1 inopa kuwana kune basic system components senge maneja wehwindo, masevhisi ehurongwa, uye manejimendi emvumo. Izvi zvinobvumira vanogadzira kugadzira zvikumbiro zvinodyidzana zvakananga neiyo inoshanda sisitimu uye kutora mukana wakakwana wekushanda kweiyo inoshanda sisitimu. Chishandiso cheAndroid.

Kubva pamaonero ehunyanzvi, iyo API level ⁢1 Inobva pamutauro weJava programming, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kune vanogadzira kunyora uye kuchengetedza kodhi yezvishandiso zvavo. Pamusoro pezvo, nekunyorwa zvakanaka, vagadziri vanogona kuwana hupfumi hwezviwanikwa, mienzaniso, uye madhairekitori ekuita zvakanyanya kugona kweiyo ⁢ API level 1.

3. API level 2: Ndedzipi kuvandudzwa kwayo kana ichienzaniswa neyekare nhanho?

Android API Level 2 inopa akati wandei akakosha kuvandudzwa kana ichienzaniswa neyayo yapfuura nhanho. Idzi budiriro dzinotarisa pane ruzivo rwemushandisi, mashandiro, uye scalability yezvishandiso. Zvimwe zvezvikuru⁤ kuvandudzwa zvinosanganisira:

  • Kushanda kwepamusoro: Iyo ⁢API level 2 yakagadziridzwa⁢ kuti iunze ⁢inokurumidza uye inoshanda zvakanyanya mumashandisirwo. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekugadzirisa zviwanikwa zvehurongwa, kubatanidza algorithms anoshanda, uye kugadzirisa ndangariro.
  • Kuenderana nemudziyo mukuru⁤: API level ⁢2 yakagadzirirwa kupa ‍ hukuru kuenderana neyakasiyana siyana yemidziyo yeAroid. Izvi zvinobvumira vanogadzira kugadzira maapplication anoshanda zvakakwana pamidziyo yakawanda, zvisinei nehukuru hwescreen, simba rekugadzirisa, kana Android vhezheni.
  • Kushanda kwakavandudzwa: API level 2 inosvitsa mabasa matsva uye maficha anofambisa kuvandudzwa kweakanyanya kuoma uye akazara maapplication. Aya kuvandudzwa anosanganisira maAPI matsva emakamera, multimedia, networking, uye kuwana data, pakati pevamwe.

Muchidimbu, Android API Level 2 inomiririra nhanho yakakosha yekumberi maererano nekuita kweapp, kuenderana, uye kushanda. Magadzirirwo aya anobvumira vanogadzira kuunza ⁤ yakapfava, yakapfuma ruzivo rwevashandisi pane akasiyana siyana emidziyo yeAndroid. Pamusoro pezvo, API level 2 inopa seti yezvishandiso zvepamberi uye mabasa anofambisa kuvandudzwa kweakazara uye akaomesesa maapplication. Muchidimbu, API level 2 inowedzera mikana yekusimudzira uye inovandudza mhando yezvishandiso mu Android ecosystem.

4. API level 3: Ndeipi mhedzisiro yayo pakuvandudza application?

Android's akasiyana API mazinga anopa vanogadzira akasiyana akasiyana esarudzo uye mashandiro ekuvaka maapplication. Muchinyorwa chino isu tichatarisa pane API level 3 uye nemhedzisiro yayo pakuvandudza application. Iyi nhanho inozivikanwa se⁢ "Kuenderana API" uye yakagadzirirwa kubvumira maapplication kuti aenderane neshanduro dzekare dzeAroid.

Huru yacho kukanganisa API ⁢level 3 mu⁢ kuvandudza kweapp ndiko kugona ⁤kuita kuti app ishande pamashanduro ekare eAndroid. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha sezvo Android iine yakafara mushandisi base ine akasiyana mavhezheni eiyo sisitimu yekushandisa. Kana vagadziri vakashandisa chaiwo API mabasa, vanogona kusangana nekudzokera kumashure kuenderana. Nekudaro, kushandisa API level 3 inobvumidza iwe kudzivirira matambudziko aya nekupa ⁤ kuenderana⁤ layer.

Zvimwe chinhu chikuru yeAPI level⁢ 3 kugona kwayo ⁤ kuvandudza ruzivo rwemushandisi. Nekushandisa API iyi, vagadziri vanogona kuwana maficha uye mashandiro anogona kunge asiri kuwanikwa mumavhezheni apfuura eAndroid. Izvi zvinovatendera kuti vagadzire mamwe epamberi uye maficha-akapfuma maapplication, ayo anozopawo zviri nani ruzivo rwevashandisi vekupedzisira. Nekuwana iyi API, vagadziri vanogona kugadzira mamwe maapplication akagadziridzwa kune zvinodiwa nevashandisi.

5. API level 4: Ndezvipi zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kutariswa kana uchiishandisa?

Android API Level 4 chikamu cheseti yeAPIs inowanikwa kune Android application vanogadzira. Panhanho iyi, zvimwe zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kutariswa kana uchiishandisa. Aya mafungidziro akakosha kuona kuti maapplication anoshanda zvinobudirira uye zvakarurama.

Imwe ye zvinhu zvakakosha zvinofungwa nezvazvo kana uchishandisa API level 4 ndiyo kuenderana kwemashure. Paunenge uchishandisa iyi API, zvakakosha kuti utarise kana iwo maficha aunoda kushandisa anowanikwa mune dzakapfuura shanduro dzeAndroid. Kana zvisiri, ungangoda kuita maworkaround kana kudzikisira kuenderana kweapp kumidziyo ine nyowani Android vhezheni.

Imwezve zvinhu zvakakosha zvinofungwa nezvazvo ndizvo here kugadzirisa mashandiro. Paunenge uchishandisa API level 4, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kumwe kushanda kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro pakuita kwechishandiso Semuyenzaniso, kushandiswa kwemamwe mabasa kunogona kupedza zvimwe zviwanikwa zvechishandiso, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukuderera kwekuita kwese kwekushandisa. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuita kuyedza kwakakura uye optimization kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita kwakakwana.

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6. API level 5: Ndeapi anonyanya kukosha miganhu uye inogadziridza?

Android⁤ API level 5 inozivikanwa se Android⁤ 2.0 (Éclair). Ichi chigadziriso chakaunza akati wandei maficha uye kuvandudzwa zvichienzaniswa neshanduro dzakapfuura dzeiyo sisitimu yekushandisa. Zvisinei, inewo zvimwe zvisingakwanisi kufunga. Izvo zvakakosha zvipimo uye zvigadziriso kuAPI Level 5 zvakanyorwa pazasi.

  • Miganhu:
    • Kushaikwa kwerutsigiro rweCDMA2000 foni system.
    • Kuchengetera pabhodhi hakutsigirwe Kadhi reSD zvekunze.
    • Kuita kwekamera uye kurekodha kwevhidhiyo kunogona kuvandudzwa.
  • Zvigadziriso zvikuru:
    • Kuvandudzwa kwakakosha mukukurumidza uye kupindura kweiyo inoshanda sisitimu.
    • Kuunza kutsvaga kwepasirese kwekuwana nyore kune maapplication, mameseji uye mameseji.
    • Tsigiro yemaakaundi eMicrosoft Exchange ekuyananisa email, vanobatika, uye makarenda.

Muchidimbu, Android API Level 5 (Éclair) inopa vanogadzira akati wandei akakosha ekugadzirisa uye kuvandudzwa zvichienzaniswa neshanduro dzakapfuura dzeiyo sisitimu yekushandisa. Kunyange paine zvimwe zvipimo, sekushaikwa kwerutsigiro kweCDMA2000 uye kuchengetwa pamakadhi eSD ekunze, zvigadziriso zvinocherechedzwa zvinosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwekuita, kutsvaga kwepasirese, uye tsigiro yeChitsinhano maakaundi yekubatanidza data nemakarenda.

7. API level 6: Zvinokurudzirwa kuti uwedzere kushanda kwechikumbiro chako

Android API level 6 idanho rakakosha kukwirisa kuita kwechishandiso chako. Pano⁤ tinopa mamwe akakosha kurudziro kuti uwane zvakanyanya kubva pane iyi API.

1. Shandisa caching system: Imwe yedzakanakisa nzira dzekuvandudza kuita kweapp yako kutora mukana wecaching. Ne caching data, unogona kuiwana nekukurumidza uye kuderedza mutoro pane server. Kune akati wandei caching sarudzo muAPI level 6, senge Android LruCache kirasi, iyo inokutendera kuti uchengete data. zvinobudirira ⁢mu RAM ndangariro.

2.⁤ Gadzirisa mibvunzo kuti dhatabhesi: Paunenge uchidyidzana nedhatabhesi muchishandiso chako, zvakakosha kukwirisa mibvunzo kuti uderedze kunonoka. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa dhatabhesi kutengeserana kuunganidza akawanda mibvunzo kuita kamwechete mashandiro, zvakanyanya kunatsiridza mashandiro.

3. Tonga zvakanaka zviwanikwa: Pa API level 6, zvakakosha kunyatso gadzirisa zviwanikwa kudzivirira kupera kwendangariro uye kugadzirisa kuita kwese. Ita shuwa kuti iwe wakanyatsovhara zviwanikwa mushure mekuzvishandisa, senge mafaera, dhatabhesi, kana network yekubatanidza. Pamusoro pezvo, shandisa Android's Garbage Collector kusunungura ndangariro isina kushandiswa uye kudzivirira kudonha kwendangariro kunogona kukanganisa kushanda kwechishandiso chako zvakare rangarira kukwidziridza mashandisirwo etambo uye kuita marefu mashandiro kumashure kuti usavhare mushandisi.

Nekutevera kurudziro idzi, unogona kukwidziridza kushanda kwechishandiso chako paAPI level 6⁣ uye kupa vashandisi ruzivo rwakapfava, runoshanda. Rangarira kuti aya angori mamwe ematanho aunogona kutora, asi isu tinokurudzira kuongorora zvinyorwa zveAroid kuti udzidze nezve mamwe maitiro ekugadzirisa aripo. Enda mberi uye upe app yako kukurudzira kwainoda!

8. API nhanho 7: Mazano ekuenderana uye kuchinjika kwemidziyo mitsva

Pa Android API level 7, matipi akakosha uye kurudziro zvinounzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kugadzirisa kwakaringana kwekushandisa kumidziyo mitsva. Mazano aya Iwo anonyanya kubatsira kune vanogadzira vanoda kutora mukana wakazara wese mashandiro uye maficha anopihwa neazvino zvishandiso.

Chimwe chezvakakosha kuita shuwa kuti mushandisi wemashandisirwo eapp anoyera nemazvo kumakirini makuru uye zvigadziriso zvepamusoro. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa mayuniti ekuyera anochinjika uye akaenzana, sekushandiswa kwe dp (yakazvimirira pixel) pachinzvimbo chepixels kudzivisa matambudziko ekugadzira zvishandiso zvakasiyana. Mukuwedzera, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa zvizere maAPI matsva ekugadzirisa zviwanikwa, zvakadai sekubatanidzwa kwezvidhori zvakasiyana-siyana kuti zvigadziriswe zviri nani kumasikirwo akasiyana-siyana.

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Zvakakosha Ita kuyedza kwakakura pamhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo kuve nechokwadi kuenderana uye kuita kwechishandiso. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvese zvekare uye zvitsva zvishandiso, sezvo kuve nechokwadi chekudzokera kumashure kwakakosha kusvika kune vakawanda vateereri. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinotariswa zvehardware, senge zviripo ndangariro kana magiraidhi ekukwidziridza kugona, zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kutora mukana wakazara wezvinogona nemidziyo pasina kukanganisa ruzivo rwemushandisi. Sekuita kwakanaka, zvinokurudzirwa kuve nebeta mushandisi ⁢kuwana mhinduro yakakosha mune ino yakakosha ⁤adaptation nhanho.

Muchidimbu, API level 7 inopa akateedzana matipi uye akanakisa maitiro ekuona kuenderana kwakaringana uye kuchinjika kwekushandisa kumidziyo mitsva. Izvi zvinosanganisira kwete kungotora mukana weapi matsva uye kugona, asi zvakare kuitisa bvunzo dzakakura pamhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo uye uchifunga nezve yakanangana nerubatsiro rwezvishandiso Nekutevera matipi aya, vagadziri vanogona kuve nechokwadi chechiitiko chakapfava uye chinogutsa kune vashandisi mudziyo wavanoshandisa.

9. API level 8: Nzira yekuita sei zvakanyanya zvezvitsva zvitsva?

API level 8: ⁢Maitiro ekuita zvakanyanya ⁢ zvinhu zvitsva?

Tsvaga uye kusefa data: Android API Level 8 inopa mashandiro matsva ⁤kutsvaga uye kusefa data zvakanyanya mumaapps ako. ⁢Nekuitwa kwekirasi SevhaManager, iwe zvino uchakwanisa kubatanidza injini yekutsvaga mukati mekushandisa kwako, zvichiita kuti vashandisi vawane ruzivo rwakananga nokukurumidza. Uyezve, ne⁢kuvandudzwa mukirasi Zvinogona kusefa, iwe unozokwanisa kuita tsvakiridzo dzepamusoro uye kusefa mumazita uye dhatabhesi, uchipa ruzivo rwakanyanya kumvura kune vashandisi vako.

Mazita nemakarenda: Imwe yakasarudzika yeAPI level 8 ndeye optimization yemabasa ane hukama nevanobatika uye makarenda. Iye zvino, iwe unozokwanisa kuwedzera nyore ⁤uye ⁤kuvandudza mazita nekushandisa kirasi Chibvumirano cheContacts, kubvumira vashandisi vako kuti vachengetedze mazita avo akagadziridzwa uye akawiriraniswa pamapuratifomu avo ese. ⁢Zvakare, nerutsigiro rutsva rwekirasi Chibvumirano cheKarenda, iwe uchave nekugona kubata zviitiko uye mabasa pakarenda yemudziyo nenzira inoshanda uye iri nyore.

Kubatana kwakagadziridzwa: MuAPI nhanho 8, zvakakosha kuvandudzwa kwakaitwa kukubatanidza kweAroid application⁤. Zvino nekirasi Maneja weKubatanidza,unokwanisa kuona nekugadzirisa internet yevashandisi vako zvakanyanya, uchiita chokwadi chekuti⁢ application yako inoshanda nemazvo pamhando dzakasiyana dzemanetiweki. zvakadai sekirasi WifiManager, iyo inobvumira vashandisi kuti vabatanidze kune Wi-Fi network otomatiki uye zvakachengeteka. Nekuvandudzwa uku, iwe unozokwanisa kupa yakakwana mushandisi ruzivo mune chero yekubatanidza nharaunda.

10. Mhedziso: Ndeipi yakanyanya kukodzera Android API level yepurojekiti yako?

Iyo Android API level chikamu chakakosha chekugadzira maapplication epuratifomu iyi. Kune akasiyana API vhezheni aripo, imwe neimwe iine yayo maficha uye kushanda kwayo. Muchikamu chino, tichakurukura akasiyana Android API mazinga uye kukubatsira kuona kuti ndeipi inonyatsokodzera purojekiti yako.

1. Yemanje API level⁢: Iyi API level inopa yazvino maficha uye kuvandudzwa kwekuita kwakaburitswa neAndroid. Zvakanaka kana iwe uchida kutora mukana weazvino matekinoroji uye maficha ⁢epuratifomu, kunyangwe zvichirevawo kuziva zvinogoneka ⁢kuchinja uye kugarogadziridzwa.⁢ Zvisineyi, zvakakosha kuziva kuti sarudzo iyi inogona kunge isiri iyo. inoenderana neshanduro ⁤ yekare Android.

2. Inonyanya kufarirwa API level: Iyi API level ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye inotsigirwa neakawanda Android zvishandiso. Inopa chiyero pakati pekushanda uye kuenderana, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakachengeteka kana chinangwa chako chiri chekusvika kune vakawanda vashandisi sezvinobvira. Kunyangwe isingabatanidze nhau dzichangoburwa, inovimbisa kugadzikana kwakanyanya uye yakakura mushandisi base.

3. API level inoenderana nezvaunoda purojekiti: ⁤ Kana purojekiti yako iine zvinodiwa chaizvo kana kuti ichida nzira yakasarudzika, unogona kusarudza imwe API level. Semuyenzaniso, kana uchida kushanda nezvimiro zve chokwadi chakawedzerwa, unogona kusarudza chaiyo API nhanho inopa⁢ rutsigiro rwekuita uku. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kuti uongorore uye uongorore mazinga eAPI akasiyana kuti uwane iyo inonyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa zvepurojekiti yako.