Computer Internal Zvikamu

Computer Internal Zvikamu

Komputa yemazuva ano muchina wakaoma⁤ wakagadzirwa nemativi akasiyana emukati anoshanda pamwechete kuita mabasa uye kugadzirisa ruzivo. Izvi ⁢ zvemukati kombiyuta Zvinosanganisira processor, ndangariro, midziyo yekuchengetedza, uye yekupinda uye inobuda zvikamu. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora zvakadzama⁢ chimwe nechimwe⁤ chezvikamu izvi uye kukosha kwazvo mukushanda kwechishandiso.

Processor, inozivikanwawo sepakati pekugadzirisa unit (CPU), iuropi yemakomputa. Iyo ine basa rekuita mirairo uye kuita masvomhu. Iyo ine akati wandei akakosha zvikamu, senge control unit, arithmetic-logic unit, uye cache memory. Iyo processor yakakosha pakuita uye kumhanya kwekombuta, sezvo inosarudza kugona kwekugadzirisa uye kugona mukuita mabasa.

La memory ndipo panochengetwa ruzivo rwunofanirwa kuitwa nekombuta. mashandiro ayo. Memory yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri huru: RAM uye ROM RAM inopa nzvimbo yekuchengetedza yezvirongwa uye data apo komputa iri kushanda, ichibvumira kukurumidza kuwana ruzivo kombiyuta. operating system.

ari zvekuchengetedza zvinhu ⁤ zvakakosha kuchengetedza uye kuwana data zvachose. Izvi zvinogona kuva dhiraivha, solid-state drives (SSDs), optical disk drives (senge maCD kana maDVD), kana memori makadhi.⁢ Kuchengeta pamidziyo iyi kunobvumira mafaera uye zvirongwa kuti zvichengetedzwe kunyangwe komputa yadzimwa.

Izvo ⁢zvinopinza uye ⁢zvinobuda Ndidzo dzinobvumira kutaurirana pakati pemushandisi nekombuta. Izvi zvinosanganisira keyboard, mouse, monitor, printers, scanners, pakati pevamwe. Iyo keyboard uye mbeva inobvumira mushandisi kuti aise mirairo uye data, ukuwo yekutarisa ichiratidza ruzivo rwakagadziriswa. Printer uye scanner zvinobuda uye zvekushandisa zvakateerana, zvinoshandiswa kudhinda zvinyorwa uye kudhijita mifananidzo kana zvinyorwa zvenyama.

Muchidimbu, zvemukati⁤ komputa Izvo zvakakosha zvikamu zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuti zvishande zvakanaka zvemuchina. Iyo processor, ndangariro, midziyo yekuchengetera, uye yekupinda uye yekubuda zvikamu zvakakosha pakuita uye kugadzirisa kugona kwekombuta. Kunzwisisa ⁤kushanda kwechimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi kwakakosha pakuchengetedza, kugadzirisa uye nekugonesa michina yako.

-Kusuma kune zvemukati zvikamu⁤ zvekombuta

Zvikamu zvemukati kubva pakombuta ndizvo izvo zvikamu zvinowanikwa mukati mekesi uye izvo zvakakosha pakushanda kwemidziyo. Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi chinozadzisa basa chairo uye chinoshanda pamwechete kuti chipe kuita kwakaringana.

Processor Ndechimwe che ⁤kiyi zvinhu mukombuta. Iyo ine basa rekuita mirairo uye kugadzirisa data, ichiita sehuropi hwemuchina. ⁣Iyo processor inosarudza kumhanya kwekombuta uye kugona kwayo kuita mabasa akaomarara anogadzirwa neakawanda macores, achibvumira kushanda kwakanyanya uye kugadzirisa simba.

RAM ndangariro Icho chimwe chikamu chakakosha mukombuta. Inoshanda seyenguva yekurangarira kuchengetedza data iri kushandiswa. Iyo yakakura huwandu hwe RAM, iyo nekukurumidza komputa inokwanisa kuwana ruzivo rwakakosha kuita mabasa ayo. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hukuru hwe RAM hunobvumidza iwe kuti umhanye akawanda maapplication panguva imwe chete zvakanyanya. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuziva⁢ kuti kumhanya kwe RAM kunokanganisa kuita kwese komputa

Chimwe chikamu chakakosha ndechekuti motherboard. Iri rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi ndiro nzvimbo yekubatanidza yezvinhu zvese zvemukati zvekombuta. Iyo ine zvibatanidza zve processor, RAM, hard drive uye mamwe makadhi ekuwedzera, pamwe nekubatanidza zviteshi nemidziyo yekunze. Iyo mamaboard inofambisa kutaurirana pakati pezvikamu zvese zvekombuta uye inova nechokwadi chekuti inoshanda nenzira yakarongeka Uye zvakare, inotarisisa hunyanzvi hwekuita zvimwe zvikamu, sekuenderana kwemhando dzinotsigirwa dze RAM kana Expansion ports dziripo. yekubatanidza makadhi.

Aya angori mamwe acho zvikamu zvemukati zvakanyanya kukosha komputa. Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi chinoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwemidziyo, kushanda pamwe chete kuendesa kuita kwakaringana. Kuziva zvikamu zvemukati zvekombuta kwakakosha kuti unzwisise mashandiro ayo uye nekugona kugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa kumidziyo yedu.

-Prosesa: iro simba⁤ kuseri kwekushanda kwekombuta

Iyo processor ndechimwe chezvakakosha zvikamu zvekombuta, sezvo ine basa rekuita zvese mashandiro uye kuverenga. Iyo microchip ine basa rekududzira nekuita mirairo yesoftware iri kushandiswa. Simba re processor richaona kumhanya uko komputa inogona kuita mabasa uye kugadzirisa data.. Mazuva ano processors anoumbwa neakawanda cores, ayo anovabvumira kuita akawanda mabasa panguva imwe chete uye kupatsanura basa.

Imwe neimwe processor musimboti inogona kuita mirairo yakafanana, zvichireva kuti Iyo yakawanda cores ine processor, iyo inokurumidza kuita kwekombuta.. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumashandisirwo anoda huwandu hwepamusoro hwekuita zvakawanda, senge graphic dhizaini, kugadzirisa vhidhiyo, kana mitambo yemavhidhiyo. Pamusoro pekuve nemacores akawanda, Kumhanya kweprocessor kunoyerwa muGigahertz (GHz), iyo inoratidza nhamba yemirairo pasekondi inogona kuita. Iyo yakakwirira kumhanya, iyo inokurumidza processor ichave.

Chinhu chakakosha chekufunga nezve pakusarudza processor kuenderana nekombuta's motherboard. Haasi ese ma processor anoenderana neese mamaboards, saka zvakakosha kuti utarise hunyanzvi hwekuita usati watenga. Pamusoro pezvo, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzema processor pamusika, akadai seIntel ne AMD, uye imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Kuziva zvinodiwa uye kushandiswa kwekombuta kuchabatsira kuona kuti ndeupi rudzi rwe processor inonyanya kukodzera.

- RAM ndangariro: kiyi yekumhanyisa uye kuita

RAM ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemukati zvekombuta. Iyo ine basa rekuchengetedza uye nekupa nekukurumidza kuwana kune data uye zvirongwa zviri kushandiswa panguva iyoyo. Pasina mhando RAM, kumhanya kwehurongwa uye kuita kuchakanganiswa zvakanyanya. ‍

RAM ndangariro inosarudza huwandu hweruzivo rwunogona kubata komputa panguva imwe chete.. Iyo yakawanda RAM sisitimu ine, iyo yakawanda mapurogiramu ainogona kumhanya panguva imwe chete uye nekukurumidza iyo inogona kuwana data. Izvi zvakakosha pamabasa akasimba-akasimba, akadai sekugadzirisa vhidhiyo kana 3D kupa. Uye zvakare, yakakwira huwandu hwe RAM inobvumira kukurumidza kutanga kwekombuta uye kubhurawuza kwakanaka kwemaapplication uye mapeji ewebhu.

Iko kumhanya kwe RAM zvakare chinhu chinotarisisa. pakushanda kwese kwekombuta. Inokurumidza RAM inobvumira kufambisa kwakanyatsoita data, iyo inoshandura mukukurumidza kuita chirongwa uye nekukurumidza system mhinduro. Kunyangwe iwe uine huwandu hwakati wandei hwendangariro, kana ichinonoka, inogona kudzikamisa zvakanyanya kuita kwese komputa yako.

Zvakakosha kusarudza RAM inoenderana nezvimwe zvese zvekombuta.. Izvi zvinosanganisira mamaboard uye processor,⁢ sezvo vachifanira kunge⁤ mukuita kwakaringana kuita. Uye zvakare, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise iyo yakakura RAM huwandu hunotsigirwa naamai bhodhi uye ita shuwa kutenga mamodule nekumhanya kwakafanana uye tekinoroji kudzivirira kukakavara. Muchidimbu, kuisa mari mumhando ye RAM uye kuita kwakaringana kwakakosha kuti uwane yakakwana kumhanya uye kuita. mukombuta.

-Hard drive: kuchengetedza data uye kurongeka

Dhivha yakaoma Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekombuta. Ndiye anotungamirira kuchengetedza data uye kurongeka, ndiko kuti, inochengetedza ruzivo rwese rwakakosha pakushanda kwekushanda kwekushanda uye mapurogiramu akaiswa pakombiyuta. ⁢Iyo chidimbu chakakosha kuchengetedza mafaera senge zvinyorwa, ⁢mifananidzo, mavhidhiyo uye zvirongwa zvakachengetwa.

Iyo hard drive iri mukati mekombuta, kazhinji kumberi kana kumashure kweshongwe. Yakabatana ⁤kumotherboard kuburikidza netambo uye ⁢inofambiswa nemagetsi ekombuta.⁤Kugona kwayo ⁢kuchengeta kunogona kusiyana, uye zvakajairika kuwana ma hard drive ane saizi ye 500GB, 1TB kana kutopfuura.. Uhu hunoreva huwandu hwemashoko anogona kuchengetwa.

Kuti uchengetedze data yakarongeka, iyo hard drive inokamurwa kuita zvikamu zvinonzi partitions. Aya mapartitions anogona kuumbwa neakasiyana faira masisitimu, senge NTFS kana FAT32, iyo inotaridza kuti data rinochengetwa uye kuwanikwa sei. Uyezve, iyo hard drive inoshandisa faira system inonzi Master File System (Master File System - MFT) uko ruzivo pamusoro pemafaira uye nzvimbo yavo pane diski inochengetwa.

-Motherboard: nzvimbo yekudzora yekombuta

Motherboard: nzvimbo yekudzora yekombuta

La Maboardboard Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekombuta. Iri rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi rinoshanda senzvimbo yekudzora yezvimwe zvikamu zvese. Iyo mamaboard inobatanidza kune yepakati processing unit (CPU), RAM, hard drive, uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa maperipherals, achibvumira ose kuti ashande pamwe chete zvakanaka. Zvakafanana nehuropi hwekombuta, hune mutoro wekubatanidza mabasa ese uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwehurongwa hwakakwana.

The ⁢amai kadhi Inopa kubatana kwemuviri nemagetsi pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvekombuta. Iine nzvimbo dzekuwedzera uko makadhi ekuwedzera, akadai sevhidhiyo, ruzha, uye netiweki makadhi, anoiswa. Aya ma-add-on cards anobvumira kombiyuta kuita mabasa chaiwo, akadai sekutamba-high-definition video kana kubatanidza kune wireless network. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo mamaboard ine zviteshi zvekubatanidza zvekunze zvishandiso sekhibhodi, mbeva, monitors, uye USB zvishandiso.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zve iyo⁢ motherboard Ndiyo chipset, inodzora kutaurirana pakati peCPU nezvimwe zvinhu. Kune marudzi maviri emachipsets: Northbridge uye Southbridge. Iyo Northbridge ine basa rekukurumidzira kutaurirana pakati peCPU, RAM, uye makadhi evhidhiyo, nepo Southbridge ichitarisira kudzika-kumhanya kutaurirana pakati peCPU nemidziyo yekutenderera. Iyo chipset zvakare inosarudza rudzi rwema processor uye RAM inoenderana neiyo mamaboard.

Muchidimbu, motherboard Icho chikamu chikuru chekombuta, sezvo ichibatanidza uye inoronga zvimwe zvese zvakakosha zvikamu. Inopa iyo yemuviri uye yemagetsi yekubatanidza inodiwa kuti ishande chaiyo system. Pamusoro pezvo, ine chipset inodzora ⁢kutaurirana ⁤pakati peCPU nezvimwe⁢ zvikamu. Pasina kupokana, inzvimbo yekudzora komputa uye inoita basa rakakosha mukuita kwayo uye kugona kwayo.

-Vhidhiyo kadhi: chishandiso chemifananidzo uye multimedia

Vhidhiyo kadhi⁤: Kadhi yevhidhiyo ndeimwe yezvikamu zvakakosha zvemukati zvekombiyuta, kunyanya kana mifananidzo yepamusoro uye multimedia inoshandiswa. Ichi chishandiso chine basa rekugadzirisa uye kuratidza mifananidzo, mavhidhiyo, nemitambo. pachiratidziri chemonitor. Hunhu hwekadhi revhidhiyo huchasarudza kugadzirisa, kuita, uye maitiro ekuona anogona kunakidzwa pakombuta. Ichi ndicho chikonzero zvakakosha kusarudza kadhi revhidhiyo rakakodzera kune izvo zvinodiwa nemushandisi wega wega.

Main components: Kadhi revhidhiyo rinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakati wandei zvakakosha.⁢ Iyo graphics processing unit (GPU)⁢ ipfungwa ⁣ chekadhi, uye ine basa rekuita masvomhu ese anodiwa kugadzira mifananidzo. Iko kumhanya kweGPU uye huwandu hwemacores hwainawo hucharatidza huwandu hwekugadzirisa kadhi. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha indangariro yevhidhiyo, iyo inochengeta iyo data inodiwa kugadzira mifananidzo nemavhidhiyo pachiratidziri. Huwandu hukuru hwendangariro yevhidhiyo huchakubvumidza kuti umhanye zvakanyanya kudiwa maapplication pasina matambudziko ekuita. Zvimwe zvakakosha zvinosanganisira zviteshi zvekubatanidza, seHDMI kana DisplayPort, izvo zvinokutendera kuti ubatanidze kadhi revhidhiyo kune chekutarisa.

Mhando dzemakadhi evhidhiyo: Kune marudzi akasiyana⁤ emakadhi evhidhiyo anowanikwa⁤ pamusika. Makadhi akatsaurirwa anokurudzirwa zvakanyanya kune avo vanoshuvira kuita kwakaringana uye vanoda kunakidzwa nemhando yepamusoro graphical mitambo uye maapplication. Aya makadhi ane vhidhiyo yavo yekuyeuka, iyo inovabvumira kugadzirisa nekukurumidza uye pasina kukanganisa. Kune rumwe rutivi, makadhi akabatanidzwa anowanzo kukodzera kushandiswa kwakanyanya uye mabasa ezuva nezuva, akadai sekutsvaga paIndaneti kana kushandisa mahofisi ehofisi. Aya makadhi anoshandisa system memory uye anopa mamwe mashoma kuita zvichienzaniswa neakazvitsaurira makadhi.

-Kuwedzera makadhi: kuwedzera kugona

Makadhi ekuwedzera: kuwedzera kugona

ari makadhi okuwedzera zvinhu zvakakosha mu a kombiyuta zvemazuva ano, sezvo vachikubvumidza kuti uwedzere nekuvandudza kugona kwako. Makadhi aya anobatana ne amai kuburikidza kuwedzera nzvimbo, uye chimwe nechimwe chine basa chairo.

Imwe yemakadhi ekuwedzera akajairika ndiyo kadhi vhidhiyo. Iri kadhi rinoshandiswa kuvandudza mashandiro uye graphical mhando yekombuta, ichikubvumidza iwe kumhanya maapplication nemitambo ine yakanyanya kudiwa yekuona. Kuisa vhidhiyo kadhi kunosunungura iyo central processing unit (CPU) yemifananidzo yemabasa, inovandudza mashandiro ehurongwa hwese.

Zvimwe kadhi rekuwedzera rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya ndiro kadhi yekurira.Kadhi iri rinobvumira komputa kutamba uye kurekodha audio yemhando yepamusoro. Nekuisa kadhi rekurira, ruzivo rweodhiyo runovandudzwa zvakanyanya, zvichikutendera kuti uteerere mimhanzi, kuona mafirimu uye kutamba mitambo yemavhidhiyo ine inonyudza uye inonzwika ruzha. Pamusoro pezvo, makadhi eruzha anogonawo kupa mamwe maficha akadai sekudzima ruzha uye akakosha manzwi.

Muchidimbu, makadhi okuwedzera zvinhu zvakakosha ⁢kuvandudza kugona kwea kombiyuta. Nemakadhi akadai sevhidhiyo uye ruzha, unogona kuve nemhando yepamusoro mifananidzo uye odhiyo, iyo inopa inogutsa uye inonyudza mushandisi ruzivo. Pamusoro pezvo, kune mamwe akawanda ⁢makadhi ekuwedzera anokutendera kuti uwedzere mamwe ma USB ports, network yekubatanidza, ⁤ yekuwedzera kuchengetedza⁣ nezvimwe. Naizvozvo, kana iwe uchida kuvandudza nekuwedzera hunyanzvi hwekombuta yako, usazeza kufunga kuisa makadhi ekuwedzera anokodzera zvaunoda.

-Sisi remagetsi: kuve nechokwadi chekugadzika kwemagetsi

La simba sosi Icho chimwe chezvakakosha zvikamu zvemukati zvekombuta, sezvo ine basa rekuita chengetedza magetsi akagadzikana nokuda kwezvikamu zvose. Pasina simba rinovimbika, komputa yaisazoshanda zvakanaka kana kutokuvadzwa nekuda kwekuchinja kwemagetsi. Ndosaka zvakakosha kuti usarudze mhando yemagetsi inoenderana nezvinodiwa zvesimba rehurongwa hwako.

Imwe yakanaka simba sosi Inofanira kunge iine nhevedzano yeakakosha maitiro ekuvimbisa yakagadzikana magetsi ekupa. Chokutanga pane zvose, unofanira kuva a simba rakakwana kuti usangane nezvido zvezvinhu zvese zvekombuta yako. Zvakakosha kufunga nezvesimba rose rinodiwa nehurongwa, kusanganisira kadhi yemifananidzo, processor, hard drive, uye mamwe madivayiri.

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chesimba rekupa magetsi ndeye mashandiro esimba. Simba remagetsi rinonyanya kushanda rinokwanisa kushandura simba kubva kune alternating current (AC) kuti ritungamirire ikozvino (DC) zvakanyanya, zvichireva kuti vanopedza simba shoma uye vanoita zvishoma kupisa. Izvi hazvisi chete zvinobatsira kune nzvimbo, asi inogonawo kubatsira kuderedza mari yemagetsi kwenguva refu.

-Optical kuchengetedza madhiraivha: kuchengetedza uye kugovera data

Optical kuchengetedza madhiraivha: Optical kuchengetedza madhiraivha zvakakosha zvishandiso mune chero komputa. Aya madhiraivha anoshandisa tekinoroji yelaser kuverenga nekunyora data kumadhisiki ekuona, senge maCD, maDVD, uye Blu-ray. Imwe yemabhenefiti ezvishandiso izvi ndeyekukwanisa kwavo kwekuchengetedza, kubvumira huwandu hwakawanda hweruzivo kuchengetwa pane imwe dhisiki. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo isarudzo yakavimbika uye yakasimba yekuchengetedza data pamusoro penguva refu.

Kuchengetedza data: ⁢Kuchengetedza data kwakakosha, kana zvemafaira emunhu kana ruzivo rwebhizimisi. Optical kuchengetedza madhiraivha anoita basa rakakosha mubasa iri. Kutenda kune yavo laser tekinoroji, zvishandiso izvi zvinoverengera kuverenga uye kunyora chaiko kwedata, kuderedza njodzi yekurasikirwa kana huwori hweruzivo. Optical disks inoshingirira kuguruva uye unyoro, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakachengeteka yekuchengetedza yakakosha data nekufamba kwenguva.

Kugovera data: Pamusoro pekuve yakanakisa sarudzo yekuchengetedza data, optical kuchengetedza madhiraivha zvakare anoita kuti zvive nyore kugovera ruzivo. Nekurekodha data kune optical discs, unogona kutakura mafaera uye mharidzo zviri nyore uye zvakachengeteka. Semuenzaniso, paunounza DVD disc kumusangano kana musangano, unogona kutamba zviri nyore pane chero komputa ine optical drive. Uyezve, zvishandiso izvi zvinopa mukana wekuzvishandisa mukati zvishandiso zvakasiyana, ⁤zvakadai semaDVD player kana mavhidhiyo game consoles, zvichiita kuti unakidzwe neruzivo munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Muchidimbu, madhiraivha ekuchengetedza maziso akakosha mune chero komputa, achipa yakavimbika uye inogara kwenguva refu nzira yekuchengetedza data. Tekinoroji yayo yelaser inovimbisa⁤ kuverenga nekunyora chaiko, ichideredza njodzi yekurasikirwa kana huwori hweruzivo. Pamusoro pezvo, madhiraivha aya anobvumira kugovana data kwakaringana uye kwakachengeteka. pamidziyo yakasiyana. Nekukwanisa kwavo kuchengetedza uye kuita zvakasiyana-siyana, optical storage drives isarudzo yakakosha kune chero mushandisi.

-Kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa zvemukati zvekombuta

Maintenance uye kuvandudzwa kwemukati mekombuta

Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti iwe kombiyuta kushanda zvakanaka uye kuve nehupenyu hurefu hwesevhisi, zvakakosha kupa a kuchengetedza kwakakodzera kwezvikamu zvayo zvemukati. Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha⁢ mabasa ekugadzirisa ndeye tsvina yakaunganidzwa yakachena uye tsvina ⁤mukati mekombiyuta kesi. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nguva dzose uchishandisa gaba remhepo yakamanikidzwa kana mhepo compressor kuti inyatso bvisa huruva kubva mukati mezvikamu, kunyanya mafeni uye kupisa kunonyura. Zvinodawo tarisa tambo dzekubatanidza kuve nechokwadi⁢ akadzivirirwa mukati uye hapana tambo dzakasunungurwa kana kukuvadzwa.

Kana zvasvika gadziridza zvikamu zvemukati zvekombuta yako, zvakakosha kufunga nezve zvakatemwa uye zvinoenderana. Chinhu chakakosha chinogona kuvandudzwa zviri nyore RAM., zvichikubvumidza kuti umhanye maapplication nekukurumidza uye zvakanyanya. Chimwe chikamu chinowanzo gadziridzwa ndeye hard drive, kungave kuchitsiva nehombe kuti ive nehuwandu hwekuchengetera kana neSSD yekuvandudza mashandiro uye nguva yekurodha. Unogonawo kufunga gadziridza kadhi yemifananidzo kana iwe uchida kuve nechiitiko chirinani mumitambo⁢ kana vhidhiyo kugadzirisa.

Recuerda, que Chengetedza nekuvandudza zvikamu zvemukati zvekombuta zvinoda kungwarira. Kana iwe usina ruzivo rwemhizha, zvakanakisisa kutsvaga rubatsiro rwenyanzvi kuti urege kukuvadza zvikamu. Uyezve, zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kutevedzera kurudziro yemugadziri uye kuverenga madhairekitori evashandisi kuve nechokwadi chekubata kwakaringana kwezvikamu. Nekugadzirisa kwakaringana uye nekuvandudza, unogona kunakidzwa nekuita kwakanyanya uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwekombuta yako.