Post-Quantum Cybersecurity: Iyo Dhijitari Dambudziko muiyo Quantum Age

Digital chengetedzo iri kusangana nenguva yakakosha nhasi. Kuuya kwemaparadigms matsva etekinoroji kunounza matambudziko makuru: quantum computa, ine simba rayo rinotyisa rekugadzirisa, rinotyisidzira kuputira chimiro chekudzivirira chazvino. post-quantum cybersecurity Ndiyo mhinduro yatichazoda kuva nayo mune ramangwana riri pedyo.

Zvichida kune vakawanda zvinoita senge ngano yesainzi, asi makambani, hurumende, uye nzvimbo dzekutsvagisa pasirese vanga vachitarisira kubuda kwehuwandu komputa kwemakore, uye kuti izvi zvinorevei pakuvanzika kwedu kwedhijitari uye kuchengetedzeka. Post-quantum cryptography inogona kuve yehupenyu hwemangwana.Tichakuudza kuti chii uye kuti chii chinonetsa.

Iyo quantum leap inoshandura mitemo yemutambo

Iyo yese musana weazvino chengetedzo yedhijitari yakavakirwa pamatambudziko akaomarara emasvomhu.Semuyenzaniso, kuvimbika kwemasisitimu akaita seRSA encryption kana Diffie-Hellman kiyi yekutsinhana kunoenderana nezvisingagoneke zvechinyakare makomputa kuverengera nhamba huru kana kugadzirisa discrete logarithm munguva dzakakodzera. Saka, matsotsi aifanira kuisa mari isinganzwisisike yezviwanikwa kuti aparadze aya ciphers.

Asi muna 1994, Peter Shor akapa mukurumbira wake quantum algorithmIyi algorithm yakaratidza kuti, neine simba rakakwana quantum komputa, Izvo zvinogoneka kuverengera nhamba uye kutyora iyo yazvino encryption mune imwe nyaya yemaawa kana kunyange maminetsi.. Chikonzero chacho? Makomputa eQuantum haatevedze mitemo yakafanana nemakomputa akajairwa: nekuda kwezviitiko senge superposition uye kupindira, vanogona kurwisa matambudziko aya nenzira nyowani uye nekukurumidza.

Uyewo kufambira mberi hakuna kufanana ne Grover's algorithm, iyo inomhanyisa kurwiswa kwesymmetric kiyi masisitimu akadai AESMhedzisiro apa haina kukosha, asi inotoda kupeta kaviri saizi yakakosha kuchengetedza yakaenzana chengetedzo muhuwandu hwehuwandu.

Standardization masangano, kubva ku American NIST kumasangano eEurope, vakaridza alarm: Tinofanira kugadzirira ZVINO kune nyika iyo quantum computing ichokwadi chekutengesa..

Chii chaizvo chinonzi post-quantum cybersecurity?

La cryptography kana post-quantum cybersecurity (kana PQC) inosanganisa seti yehunyanzvi uye algorithms akagadzirirwa kurwisa kurwiswa kwete chete kubva kumakomputa ekare, asiwo kubva mune ramangwana quantum makomputa. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuIta shuwa kuvanzika uye huchokwadi hweruzivo, kunyangwe kana quantum komputa ikave inoshanda uye inokwanisika..

Mune mazwi mashomanana: Zvirongwa zvePQC zvinotsamira pamatambudziko emasvomhu ayo, maererano neruzivo rwazvino, acharamba akaoma kunyange kumachina ehuwandu.Haisi yekungowedzera makiyi saizi kana kuita "zvimwe zvakafanana"; tiri kutaura pamusoro pemaitiro akasiyana zvakanyanya pano.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti masisitimu ese akagadzirwa nhasi, kubva kumabhanga network kusvika kune yemunhu kutaurirana, achafanira kutama uye Batanidza kiyi yekutsinhana algorithms, encryption, uye post-quantum dhijitari siginechaTekinoroji uye kusvetuka kwezviyero zvakakura.

Mhando uye mhuri dze post-quantum algorithms

Imwe yeanonyanya kunakidza uye yakaoma maficha e-post-quantum cybersecurity ndeyekusiyana kwealgorithms uye nenheyo dzadzo dzedzidziso:

• Lattice-based cryptography: Inoshandisa kuomerwa kwekutsvaga mapfupi mavheji mune akawanda masvomhu zvimiro. Algorithms akadai Crystal-Kyber y MAKASIRI-Dilithium zvinobva pachirongwa ichi.
• Code-based cryptography: Izvo zvinoenderana nekuoma kwekududzira mutsara macode.
• Isogeny-based cryptography: Kuchengetedzeka kwayo kunobva pakutsvaga mepu pakati pe elliptic curves.
• Cryptography yakavakirwa pane multivariate equations: Inoshandisa masisitimu epolynomial equations ane akawanda akasiyana.
• Hash basa-based cryptography: Iyo yakavakirwa pane imwe-nzira SHA-3 mhando mabasa uye Merkle miti zvimiro.

Mhuri dzese idzi dziri kutsvaga kuti kutyora encryption hazvigoneke kunyangwe nerubatsiro rwekombuta yequantum.

Dambudziko rekutamisa iyo yese digital infrastructure

Kuenda kune post-quantum cybersecurity Haisi nyore shanduko yesoftware, uye haigadziriswe nehusiku humwe.Inosanganisira kuvandudza mapuroteni, zvishandiso, uye masisitimu ese kuti awane kudyidzana uye kushanda nesimba.

Pakati pezvipingamupinyi zvakakosha zvehunyanzvi uye zvesangano tinowana:

• Hukuru saizi yemakiyi nemasaini: Izvi zvinogona kutungamira mukuchengetedza uye nekumhanyisa mabhodhoro, kunyanya kune zviwanikwa-zvishoma zvishandiso.
• Nguva yakareba yekombutaMamwe ma-post-quantum algorithms anoda simba rakawanda, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa masisitimu anoda mhinduro dzenguva chaiyo.
• Iyo "Chengetedza Izvozvi, Decrypt Gare gare (SNDL)" kutyisidziraMaCybercriminals anogona kuunganidza ruzivo rwakavharidzirwa nhasi uye kuyedza kuinyora makore mashoma kubva zvino, kana vaine quantum computing kugona.
• Kubatanidzwa muzvirongwa zviripo: Kugadzirisa mapuroteni akadai seTLS, SSH, kana VPNs zvinoda kuyedzwa kwakawanda uye akawanda hardware uye software inogadziridza.

Sokunge izvo zvisina kukwana, kutama kunoda kugadzirisa nyaya dze utongi, kutevedza kwemitemo uye kugona kwesanganoMuUnited States, semuenzaniso, masangano ehurumende anotodiwa kuti aite ongororo yakadzama yemaitiro avo ese e-cryptographic kuti akoshese shanduko, chiyero chiri kuwedzera kukosha pasi rose.

Mujaho Wepasi Pose: Geopolitics uye Ramangwana reCybersecurity

Quantum computing uye post-quantum cryptography yatove chikamu chepasi rose geopolitical agenda.United States iri kutungamira hurongwa hwekumisikidza uye kutama padanho remasangano uye emakambani, uku China iri kuisa mari yakawanda muhuwandu hwematekinoroji uye iri kusangana neyayo nhanho yekumisikidza.

IEuropean Union, kune chikamu chayo, yakagadzira nzira dzakajeka uye kudyidzana kwekuyambuka, sekusimudzira Quantum Flagship uye mapurojekiti enyika pane quantum kiyi yekugovera uye post-quantum cryptography.

Iyi nhangemutange ye-post-quantum cybersecurity haingopikisi nyika chete, asi inosanganisirawo makambani makuru etekinoroji, marabhoritari, uye ekutanga, achitsigirwa nemari yeruzhinji neyakavanzika. Nyika kana kambani inotungamira shanduko iyi ichave nemukana wakakura wekukwikwidza maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika, hupfumi hwedhijitari uye hutungamiriri hwesainzi..

Masangano angagadzirira sei zera re quantum

Kutamira kune quantum-resistant kuchengetedzwa kwedhijitari kunoda zano, kudyara, uye agility. Ndeapi matanho akakosha kuti usadzokera kumashure?

• Ziva uye nyora masisitimu ese anoshandisa public kiyi encryptionNekuziva chete izvo zvinoda kuvandudzwa iwe unogona kuzviisa pamberi nemazvo.
• Gamuchira iyo mitsva yepost-quantum cryptography zviyero zvinokurudzirwa neNIST nemamwe masanganoZvakakosha kuronga kumberi, sezvo hwindo reshanduko rinogona kupfupika pane zvaitarisirwa kana zviitiko zvisingatarisirwi zvikamuka.
• Shandisa akakamurwa uye akaturikidzana encryption zano, kuzadzisa nzira dzakasiyana dze cryptographic uye kuita kuti kurwiswa kuve kwakaoma.
• Gadzirisa zvivakwa uye ive nechokwadi chekuti masisitimu anogona kuvandudzwa pasina kurasikirwa nekushanda kana kuita.
• Automate kiyi uye chitupa manejimendi uye kutenderera kuderedza nguva yekusangana kune zvinogona kuitika.
• Chengetedza arikubuda matekinoroji musangano, senge bots kana artificial intelligence agents, kushandisa mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza uye kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa.

Dambudziko chairo harisi chete mune tekinoroji, asi mune Kugona kwemasangano kugadzirisa nekuchengetedza hutongi, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kudzidziswa kwezvikwata zvavo pakukwirira kwekutyisidzira kutsva.

Innovation inoramba ichiwedzera: quantum chips uye zvitsva zvinobudirira

Iyo quantum computing landscape inoenderera mberi nekushanduka nekumhanya kunotyisa. Ingotarisa zviziviso zvichangoburwa, sekuvhurwa kweiyo quantum computing processor. Majorana 1 neMicrosoft, kana Willow neGoogle, zvese zvine hunyanzvi hwekuyedza asi zvichiwedzera kuswedera pakushandisa.

Iko mukana wekuwedzera quantum makomputa hausisiri kungofungidzira, uye ese ari maviri makambani etekinoroji nemafambisirwo eruzhinji anofanirwa kumhanyisa kumhanya kwavo kuti vasasiiwe.

Zvichienderana, China neEuropean Union vakawedzerawo kusimudzira kwavo machipisi uye quantum kiyi yekugovera network, zvichiratidza kuti kukwikwidza hakugumiri kuSilicon Valley.

Ramangwana re-post-quantum cybersecurity rakavhurika uye rakaoma kupfuura nakare kose.Quantum computing ichaunza kukanganisa kufambira mberi kuzvikamu zvakawanda, asi zvinotimanikidza kuti tifunge zvakare kuti tinodzivirira sei ruzivo uye tive nechokwadi chekuvanzika kwedhijitari. Kuisa mari, kuvandudza, uye kugara pamberi peiyo curve hazvingo fungwa: zvakakosha kuti udzivise kusarira kumashure mune inotevera huru tekinoroji shanduko.