- Bootloader ndiyo boot manager inoongorora system isati yatanga Android uye inoshanda semuchengeti pakati pehardware nesoftware.
- Vagadziri vanongoiisa chete pakuisa zvikamu zvakasainwa, zvichisimbisa kuchengetedzeka uye kuchengetedza kutonga pamusoro pechikamu chekugadzirisa.
- Kuvhura bootloader kunokutendera kuti uise maROM akagadzirwa, marecovery, uye ma kernels, zvichiwedzera rusununguko uye kutonga pamusoro pemudziyo.
- Kuivhura kunosanganisira njodzi chaidzo: kurasikirwa newarandi, kusangana nematambudziko ekuchengetedza zvakanyanya, uye mukana wekuti foni isashande kana paine chikanganiso.
¿Chii chinonzi bootloader uye nei uchichida paAndroid? Kana tichitaura nezvekushandisa rooting, maROM ekugadzirisa, kana kushandisa foni zvakanyanya, izwi rimwe chete rinozopedzisira rabuda: bootloader kana maneja webootChikamu chisingaonekwe nemunhu wese, asi chakakosha kuti foni ivhure, ive yakachengeteka, uye ikwanise kuchinjwa zvakadzama.
Kana mashoko akadai sekuti bootloader yakavharwa, yakavhurwa, yakavhurika kana kuvharwa Uye kana usina chokwadi chekuti zvinorevei kana kuti zvinorevei, hausi wega. Muchinyorwa chino, tichatsanangura kuti bootloader chii muAndroid, basa rayo panotanga system, kuti nei vagadziri vachiichengetedza zvakanyanya, uye kuti ndeapi mabhenefiti nenjodzi zvirimo mukuivhura.
Chii chinonzi bootloader uye ine basa ripi mu Android?
Bootloader, boot loader kana boot manager Isoftware diki iri chikamu chechero operating system yemazuva ano, ingave PC, nharembozha, kana tablet. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuita ongororo dzekutanga dzisati dzatanga system uye kupa mirairo inodiwa kuti zvese zvitange zvakanaka.
Mukuita, kana ukadzvanya bhatani rekudzima simba pafoni yako, Chinhu chekutanga chinoshanda ndeiyi boot managerTarisa kuti zvikamu zvakakosha zvesystem (zvakadai seboot nerecovery partitions) zviri kushanda nemazvo. kupora) ndipo pavanofanira kunge vari, kuti mafaira avo haana kuchinjwa pasina mvumo, uye kuti kodhi yacho inoenderana nezvakatenderwa nemugadziri.
Kana zvese zvakaongororwa kare zvikafamba zvakanaka, bootloader inosiya kutonga kune kernel yehurongwa hwekushandaiyo ine basa rekupedzisa kutanga Android: inorodha madhiraivha ehardware, inotanga masevhisi emukati uye, zvishoma nezvishoma, skrini yekukiya uye maapplication anoonekwa.
Kana chimwe chinhu chikasashanda—semuenzaniso, faira resystem rakakanganisika kana chikamu chisina siginecha inotarisirwa—bootloader inogona Mira kutanga kwefoni wosiya foni iri pachiratidziro chisingachinji.kuratidza meseji yekukanganisa kana kukonzera kuti mudziyo upinde mu loop yekudzoreredza, izvo zvinowanzoitika bootloop izvo zvaizoita kuti chero ani zvake apererwe netariro.
Zvese izvi zvinoita kuti bootloader iite se rudzi rwemuchengeti pakati pehardware nesystem yekushandisaInotarisa zvinogona kuiswa uye pasi pemamiriro api, ichidzivirira kuvimbika kwehurongwa uye data remushandisi kubva pakugadziriswa kusina mvumo kana kuti kunogona kuve nenjodzi.
Mumamiriro akaita searipo iye zvino, uko nharembozha inotarisira kubhadhara pasina kubata, data re biometric, uye ruzivo rwakawanda rwakavanzikaKuongorora bootloader iyi pakutanga kunonyanya kukosha. Hazvisi zvekungobatidza foni chete, asi kuti ishandise software inofanira kunge iripo.
Bootloader yakakiyiwa uye bootloader yakakiyiwa
Pamafoni ese eAndroid anotengeswa pamusika, bootloader inouya fekitari yakavharwaIzvi zvinoreva kuti inongogamuchira chete zvikamu zvebooting system zvakasainwa nedhijitari nemugadziri wefoni, kana, kana zvichibvira, nemutengesi anoitengesa.
Nekiyi iyi, vagadziri vanovimbisa kuti mudziyo uyu unoshanda chete ne Android version izvo zvavakagadzirira, vakaedza, uye vakapa chitupa chemuenzaniso iwoyo chaiwo. Zvinoitawo kuti varambe vachiita gadziriso yavo, maapplication akatoiswa kare, uye mitemo yekuchengetedza yakatsanangurwa.
Patinoti nharembozha ine bootloader isina kuvhurwa, tinoreva izvozvo Muganho iwoyo wabviswa kana kuti wasunungurwaKubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, maneja weboot haachadi kuti zvese zvisainwe nebrand uye anotanga kubvumira kutangazve kwezvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita sekugadzirisa kwakagadziridzwa, ROM yakasarudzika kana kunyange mamwe ma kernels.
Kune vagadziri, vakaita semamwe mabhurendi akagadzirirwa vashandisi vepamusoro, ayo Vanobatsira kuvhura bootloader nemaitiro epamutemoVamwe vanoisa zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda, zvinoda kunyoreswa pawebhusaiti yavo, nguva yekumirira, kana zvishandiso zvevashandi. Uye kunewo makambani akangosarudza kuvhara musuwo uyu zvachose uye asina kupa nzira yepamutemo yekuwana boot manager.
Uyezve, mumamodeli mazhinji aripo, kuchinja mamiriro ebootloader kunokanganisa system zvinyorwa zvemukati zvinoratidza kuti shanduko iyi yakaitikaKunyangwe ikazokiya zvakare, chiratidzo chinowanzo nyorwa kuti masevhisi ehunyanzvi anogona kubvunza kana foni ikatumirwa kunogadziriswa garandi.
Zvakakosha kuve pachena kuti Hapana nzira imwe chete yepasi rose yekuvhura bootloaderMaitiro acho anosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwefoni, modhi, uye kunyange software yayo, saka unofanira kugara uchitarisa magwaro chaiwo emudziyo wega wega.
Chinangwa chekuvhura bootloader paAndroid ndechei?
Chivharo chebootloader, chaizvoizvo, chiyero chekuchengetedza chakagadzirirwa mushandisi wepakatiVanongoda kuti foni yavo ishande uye havazoiti kuti ionekwe sechinhu chakaoma. Saka sei vanhu vakawanda vachida kuivhura? Mhinduro yacho iri nyore: rusununguko uye kutonga software yacho zvizere.
Android yakavakirwa papurojekiti ye open source (AOSP), izvo zvakaita kuti nharaunda yakakura yevagadziri nevateveri vanogadzira mamwe maROM, ma kernels akagadzirwa, uye marudzi ese ekugadzirisa. Pasina bootloader isina kuvhurwa, mikana yakawanda iyi haigone kuwanikwa.
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvakajairika zvekuvhura boot manager kugona isa tsika maROMIdzi ishanduro dzeAndroid dzakagadzirwa nemasangano evagadziri vasiri veGoogle nevagadziri, ayo anowanzo kupa sisitimu yakachena uye yazvino kana ine zvimwe zvinhu zvisina kuiswa muROM yekutanga.
Zvakajairikawo kushandisa mukana we bootloader isina kuvhurwa kuti isa nzira yekudzoreredza yakasarudzika —seTWRP kana zvimwe—. Nzvimbo idzi dzekugadzirisa dzakanyanya dzinokutendera kuti ukwanise kupenya mifananidzo yesystem, kugadzira ma backup akazara, kana kudzoreredza mudziyo kana paine chikanganiso, mabasa ese ayo kudzoreredza kwepamutemo kunowanzo ganhurira zvakanyanya.
Pamwero wehunyanzvi, kuvhura bootloader kunobvumira load modified kernels uye mhando dzakasiyana dze "mods"Nadzo unogona kugadzirisa mashandiro emota, kuvandudza manejimendi yebhatiri, kuvhura maficha ekuyedza, kana kutoisa maficha kubva kune mamwe mamodheru kuenda kune ako, chero bedzi paine kuenderana.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuva ne bootloader isina kuvhurwa Inogona kubatsira kuisa masevhisi nemapurogiramu asina kuiswa pakutanga.Muenzaniso wakanyanya kukurukurwa panguva iyoyo waiva wemamwe mafoni asina maGoogle apps akaiswa kare, uko mukana wekuvhura boot manager uye kushandisa custom recovery wakaita kuti zvive nyore kuisa Play Store neGapps dzinozivikanwa.
Mabhenefiti ekuva nebootloader isina kuvhurwa
Kune avo vane ruzivo rwehunyanzvi kana vanongonakidzwa nekugadzira zvinhu, Kuvhura bootloader kunovhura mikana yakawanda izvo zvinopfuura kungochinja wallpaper kana system theme. Ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yekutora kutonga chaiko kwechishandiso.
Chinhu chikuru chekutanga ndechekuwana kudzora kwakadzama software yefoniNekukwanisa kuisa ma "advanced recovery", ma "modified ROM", kana ma "alternative kernels", maitiro ese efoni anogona kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa, nguva dzose mukati memiganhu yehardware.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti mudziyo uyu unogara kwenguva refu. Mamwe mafoni anorega kugamuchira zviziviso zvepamutemo mushure mechinguva, kunyangwe hazvo hardware yavo ichiramba ichishanda zvakanaka. Kuburikidza nemaROM echitatu, Unogona kuisa shanduro itsva dzeAndroid nemapatches ekuchengetedza kana mugadziri atopedza rutsigiro.
Kune vazhinji vashandisi vepamusoro, kuvhura bootloader kwakakosha zvikuru kune kubvisa midzi yemudziyoKunyange hazvo nzira dzekudzora rooting dzisina custom recovery dzichiripo, musanganiswa we unlocked bootloader ne root access unoramba uri imwe yenzira dzinochinjika dzekugadzirisa uye kuita otomatiki mabasa pa Android.
Uyezve, nyaya ye bloatware haifanirwe kukanganwika. Nehurongwa hwakasununguka, Zviri nyore kubvisa maapplication akatoiswa kare asingawedzere chero chinhu.sunungura nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu uye deredza maitiro ekumashure anokanganisa hupenyu hwebhatiri uye mashandiro ese esystem.
Kana tikaenda kumunda wekuvandudza, bootloader yakavhurika inobvumira Edza kernels dzako, port ROMs, kana kuti ita bvunzo dzepamusoro izvo zvaisazogoneka kana maneja akakiyiwa. Ichi chishandiso chakakosha kune avo vanogadzira software yeAndroid kana kushanda pamwe chete pamapurojekiti emunharaunda.
Njodzi, zvipingamupinyi uye miganhu yekuvhura
Kungoti bootloader inokutendera kuita zvese hazvirevi kuti nguva dzose ipfungwa yakanaka kutamba nayo. Kutaura zvazviri, Zvipingamupinyi zvinogona kuva zvakakomba kana sarudzo ikasaongororwa nemazvo. kana kana paine matanho enhema akatorwa panguva yekuvhura kana kupenya kunotevera.
Dambudziko guru rekutanga nderekuti kurasikirwa newaranti pamamodheru mazhinjiVagadziri vazhinji vanoona kuvhura bootloader sekuchinja kwakadzama kwesoftware iyo isiri kushandiswa zvakajairika, uye vanotaura mumitemo yavo nemamiriro avo kuti izvi hazvishande zviri pamutemo.
Kunyangwe kana bootloader yakavharwa zvakare, mimwe midziyo Vanochengeta chinyorwa chisingaperi chekuti pane imwe nguva chakavhurwaKana nharembozha yasvika kubazi rezvehunyanzvi, ruzivo urwu runogona kushandiswa kutaura kuti sisitimu yacho yakakanganiswa uye, nekudaro, inorambidzwa kugadziriswa mahara.
Chimwe chinhu chinonetsa ndechekuchengetedza. Nekuvhura bootloader, mudziyo unova vari panjodzi yekurwiswa kunoda kuti munhu apinde mumuviriMunhu anorwisa anogona kuburitsa mufananidzo wesystem wakagadziridzwa kuti aba data, anzwe zviri kuitika pakutaurirana, kana kudzima dziviriro, kunyanya kana pasina mamwe matanho ekudzivirira anotorwa.
Uyezve, kuvhura boot manager kunowanzo sanganisira a kuumbwa kwakakwana kweterminalMapurogiramu, marongero, nedata rese rakachengetwa mundangariro yemukati zvichadzimwa, saka zvakakosha kugadzira ma backup pachine nguva kana usingade kurasikirwa neruzivo rwakakosha.
Hazvifanirwe kukanganwika kuti kana chimwe chinhu chisina kururama kana chisingaenderane chikaburitswa, pane njodzi chaiyo yekuti kusiya nharembozha iri mumamiriro ekusashandiswaDzimwe nguva inogona kudzokororwa nematurusi akakosha uye hunyanzvi (zvinozivikanwa se "zvidhinha zvakapfava"), asi dzimwe nguva kukuvara kwacho kwakakura zvekuti mudziyo wacho unosara uri chinhu chakanaka chepepa.
Hukama hwebootloader nekuchengetedza uye kubhadhara nefoni
Mumakore achangopfuura, nharembozha yave kushandiswa kubva pakuva smartphone iri nyore kusvika pakuva smartphone kiyi yekuwana mari yebhangi online, kubhadhara pasina kubata, masevhisi ekusimbisa uye data re biometricZvese izvi zvakawedzera zvakanyanya kuchengetedzeka kunodiwa neAndroid uye, pamwe chete nebootloader.
Nekuchengeta bootloader yakakiyiwa, vagadziri vanoderedza mukana wekuti kodhi yakaipa inosvika pazvikamu zvakakosha zvesisitimuKana zvikamu zvakasainwa nechiratidzo chete zvichigona kuiswa, chimwe chipingamupinyi chinoiswa pakati pemurwisi nezvinhu uko ruzivo rwakakosha runoshandiswa.
Nekuda kweizvi, makambani mazhinji anosarudza nzira yekuchengetedza: Vanokiya bootloader zvachose uye havakurudziri kuivhura.Vanosarudza kukoshesa kuchengetedzeka kwemushandisi wepakati, kunyangwe zvichireva kuti vashoma vane hunyanzvi vanorasikirwa nerusununguko rwekugadzirisa mudziyo wacho.
Panguva imwe chete, kune vagadziri nenharaunda dziri kuda Kuchinjika kukuru kune avo vanoziva zvavari kuitaVanoti munhu anotenga foni anofanira kukwanisa kusarudza kana achida kuvhura bootloader pasina kurasikirwa newaranti kana mabasa ekuvharira otomatiki.
Mukuita, mhando dzakawanda dziri kuedza kuwana kuenzana pakati pekuchengetedzeka nerusununguko: nharembozha dzinosvika dzakakiyiwa, asi dzinosanganisira sarudzo yepamutemo yekuvhura bootloader, kazhinji inoperekedzwa nenyevero dzakajeka uye chiziviso chekuti mushandisi anoita zvaanoda.
Maitiro ekuvhura nekuganhurira akajairika
Kunyangwe pasina nzira imwe chete inoshanda pamafoni ese, kune akati wandei matanho akajairika anodzokororwa mumamodheru mazhinji eAndroidZvisinei, unofanira kugara uchitarisa mirairo chaiyo yemudziyo wacho, nekuti ruzivo rwakasiyana runogona kuita mutsauko mukuru.
Pamafoni mazhinji aripo, maitiro acho anowanzo tanga ne gonesa sarudzo dzevagadziri mukati memagadzirirwo esystem, uye kubva ipapo vhura inonzi "OEM unlocking", iyo inobvumira maneja weboot kugamuchira shanduko yemamiriro ezvinhu.
Tevere, foni inowanzo batanidzwa pakombuta kuburikidza neUSB, uye chishandiso chakadai se fastboot kutumira murairo wekuvhuraPane mimwe midziyo ine mapurosesa anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, danho rinowanzoitwa nderekupinda mufastboot mode wobva watanga kuraira kubva kuPC kuti uvhure bootloader.
Maitiro iwayo anowanzo perekedzwa ne Nyevero dziri pakombiyuta dzichitsanangura mhedzisiro yachoKurasikirwa nedata, matambudziko ekuchengetedza anogona kuitika, uye nyevero yekuti izvi ndezvevashandisi vanoziva zvavari kuita chete. Mushure mekusimbiswa, mudziyo unotangazve, wodzimwa zvachose, uye bootloader inenge yavhurwa.
Zvisinei, havasi vese vagadziri vanobvumira rudzi urwu rwekuvhura kuburikidza nemirairo yakajairika. Kazhinji, vanoda nyoresa pawebhusaiti, kumbira kodhi yekuvhura uye wobva wapedzisa maitiro acho chete. Uye kune mamodheru uko pasina nzira yepamutemo yekuvhura bootloader.
Mushandisi werudzii anofanira kufunga nezvekuvhura bootloader?
Havasi vese vanozobatsirwa ne open boot manager. Kutaura zvazviri, Kune vashandisi vazhinji, hazvisi chinhu chakakosha. Uye zvinogona kuguma zvave zvinorwadza kupfuura chero chimwe chinhu kana zvinhu zvikafamba zvisina kunaka.
Zvinowanzova nemusoro kufunga nezvekuvhura kana uri mugadziri wezvirongwa, mugadziri wezvirongwa, kana munhu ane ruzivo rwehunyanzvi anofarira kudzidza, kuverenga magwaro uye kuedza zvinhu zvitsva, kunyangwe achiziva kuti dzimwe nguva pachava nekukundikana uye kushivirira.
Pane kudaro, kana zvauri kutsvaga zviri nharembozha yakagadzikana, ine garandi yakakwana uye isina kuomesa hupenyu hwakoNzira ine musoro ndeyekuchengetedza bootloader sezvairi: yakakiyiwa uye uchishandisa software yepamutemo. Zvakanakira zvekuivhura hazvipfuure njodzi kana usingade kugadzirisa system zvakanyanya.
Kunewo vanhu vane ruzivo rwakakwana vanosarudza Usabata bootloader pamidziyo yakaoma kana inodhura zvikuru.Kunyangwe vachiziva nzira yekupenya pasina matambudziko, vanosarudza kusaisa pangozi kusawirirana, kurasikirwa nemabasa akakosha, kana kubata nezvishandiso zvisina kuvimbika zvekwakabva kusina chokwadi.
Chero zvingave zvakaita sei, chinhu chakakosha kunzwisisa zvakanaka Kuvhura boot manager kunorevei chaizvo? uye ita sarudzo neruzivo rwese rwuri patafura, kwete kungoti mumwe munhu akakurudzira izvi muforamu kana vhidhiyo yepamhepo.
Maitiro akanakisa uye mazano kana ukasarudza kuivhura
Kana pakupedzisira ukasarudza kuvhura bootloader, zvinokurudzirwa kuti utevedzere matanho akatevedzana. maitiro akanaka ekuderedza njodziHazvibvisi zvachose matambudziko angangoitika, asi zvinoderedza zvakanyanya mikana yekuzopedzisira wava nedambudziko guru.
Chinhu chekutanga ndechekupa nguva yako kune Verenga magwaro anotsanangura muenzaniso wako.Zvakanakisa, sarudza zvidzidzo zvinobva munharaunda dzine mukurumbira uye dzine ruzivo. Dzivisa zvidzidzo zvakajairika kana zvekare, nekuti zvinhu zvinochinja nekukurumidza paAndroid, uye ruzivo rwekare runogona kukonzera matambudziko.
Zvakakoshawo kuve nechokwadi chekuti Iva nechokwadi chekuti mafaira ese aunoburitsa akakodzera mudziyo wakoRudzi rumwe chete, modhi imwe chete, uye, kana zvichibvira, shanduro imwe chete (semuenzaniso, yepasi rose kana yemutakuri). Kusanganisa maROM kana kudzoreredza kubva kumidziyo yakasiyana kazhinji inzira yekukundikana.
Gara uchidhawunirodha maturusi, maROM, uye zvishandiso kubva ku masosi akavimbika uye ane mukurumbiraKanopfuura kamwe chete, ma executable ane malware akaonekwa akavanzika pakati pe "zvishamiso" zvekudhawunirodha, saka zvakanaka kuramba wakangwara uye kusavimba nechero chinongedzo chinoonekwa muforamu.
Usati wabata chero chinhu, ita ma backups nezvezvinhu zvose zvinokosha kwauri: mapikicha, mavhidhiyo, magwaro, machat, mapassword, uye marongeroSezvatatotaura, kuvhura kunowanzo sanganisira kudzima zvachose mudziyo wacho, uye chero chinhu chisiri mugore kana pane imwe nzira yekuchengetera zvinhu chicharasika.
Pakupedzisira, anofunga kuti, kana anyura munyika ino, Pachava nekugadziriswa kwezvimwe zvinhu uye dambudziko rinowanzoitika dzimwe nguva.MaROM asiri epamutemo, ma kernels ekuedza, nedzimwe mods zvinogona kuunza kuvandudzwa kunonakidza, asiwo zvikanganiso, kutangazve kwesoftware nguva nenguva, kana kusawirirana kunoda chido chekushandisa nguva yekugadzirisa.
Kunzwisisa kuti chii chinonzi bootloader, nei vagadziri vachikiya, uye mikana inomuka kana yakavhurwa kunoita kuti zvive nyore kusarudza kana zvakakodzera kuchinja kana kuti zviri nani kuramba uchinakidzwa nefoni sezvo ichibva kufekitori, nekuenzanisa kwakanaka pakati pekuchengetedzwa, kugadzikana, uye rusununguko rwemushandisi.
Aida nezve tekinoroji kubva achiri mudiki. Ini ndinoda kuva nemazuva ano muchikamu uye, pamusoro pezvose, kutaura nezvazvo. Ndokusaka ndakazvipira kutaurirana pane tekinoroji uye vhidhiyo mutambo mawebhusaiti kwemakore mazhinji ikozvino. Unogona kundiwana ndichinyora nezve Android, Windows, MacOS, iOS, Nintendo kana chero imwe nyaya ine hukama inouya mupfungwa.