Munyika inonakidza yemasero ezvirimwa, tinowana yakakosha uye yakakosha chimiro: cell membrane. Iri denga rakaomarara rinotenderedza masero ezvirimwa rinozadzisa nhevedzano yemabasa akakosha ekushanda nemazvo uye kukura kwezvipenyu izvi. Muchinyorwa ichi chese, tichaongorora zvakadzama kuti cell membrane iri musero rechirimwa uye kuti inoita basa rayo rakakosha sei.
Mabasa emusero membrane mumusero wezvirimwa
Iyo cell membrane inotamba akati wandei mabasa akakosha musero rechirimwa. Imwe yemabasa makuru ndeyekudzivirira uye kuchengetedza kwekuvimbika kwesero. Iyo membrane inoshanda sechipingamupinyi chekusarudza, ichibvumira kupfuura kwemamwe mamorekuru uye kudzivirira kupinda kwevamwe Izvi zvakakosha kuchengetedza zviri mukati mesero uye kugadzirisa mamiriro ayo emukati.
Rimwe basa rakakosha remusero membrane musero rechirimwa kutaurirana nekudyidzana nemamwe maseru. Membrane proteins ibasa rekutumira masaini uye kubvumira kutaurirana pakati pemaseru ari pedyo. Izvi zvinofambisa kurongeka kwezviito zvemaserura uye mhinduro kune zvekunze zvinokurudzira. Uye zvakare, iyo sero membrane inoitawo basa rakakosha musero adhesion, kubvumira maseru ezvirimwa kuumba matishu uye nhengo.
Sero membrane rinotorawo chikamu mukutakurwa kwezvinhu kupinda nekubuda musero rechirimwa. Kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai se endocytosis uye exocytosis, iyo membrane inokwanisa kutora uye kuvhara mamorekuru akasiyana. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo membrane ine chiteshi uye vatakuri vanofambisa sarudzo yekufamba kwemaion uye zvinovaka muviri kuburikidza nesero. Ichi chifambiso chinoshanda uye chisingaiti chakakosha pakushanda kwakakodzera uye homeostasis yechirimwa cell.
Kuumbwa kwesero membrane musero rezvirimwa
Ndihwo hwakakosha kune maumbirwo ayo nebasa. Iyo sero membrane isarudzo yakasarudzika inotenderedza uye inodzivirira sero, ichibvumira kupinda nekubuda kwezvinhu zvinodiwa kuti irarame. Mumasero ezvirimwa, membrane yesero inoumbwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana, izvo zvinotamba mabasa chaiwo mukushanda kwavo.
Chekutanga pane zvese, iyo lipid bilayer ndechimwe chezvikamu zvikuru zvechirimwa cell membrane. Iyo inoumbwa zvakanyanya ne phospholipids, ari mamorekuru ane hydrophilic musoro uye hydrophobic muswe. Aya maphospholipids akarongwa kuita zvidimbu zviviri, ine misoro yehydrophilic yakatarisana nekunze uye mukati mesero, uye miswe yehydrophobic pakati. Iyi lipid bilayer chimiro inopa kugadzikana uye kuchinjika kune membrane.
Chimwe chikamu chakakosha chekuumbwa kwechirimwa cell membrane mapuroteni. Aya mapuroteni akaiswa mu lipid bilayer, achigadzira migero uye vatakuri vanobvumira kupfuura kweioni uye mamorekuru chaiwo kuburikidza ne membrane Mukuwedzera, mamwe mapuroteni anoshanda sezvibvumirano zvezviratidzo zvekunze, zvichikonzera mhinduro dzemasero. Mapuroteni zvakare anotora chikamu mukuzivikanwa kwesero uye kunamatira, pamwe nekutaurirana pakati pemasero akavakidzana.
Chimiro chesero membrane musero rechirimwa
Izvo zvakakosha pakushanda kwayo kwakakodzera. Sero membrane chinhu chakatetepa, chinochinjika chinotenderedza chirimwa sero, uye basa rayo guru nderekuchengetedza kuvimbika kwesero uye kugadzirisa mafambiro ezvinhu kupinda nekubuda mairi.
Iyo sero membrane yechirimwa sero inoumbwa ne lipid bilayer, inoumbwa ne phospholipids, iyo yakarongeka nenzira yekuti misoro ye hydrophilic inonangana nekunze uye nemukati mesero, nepo miswe Hydrophobic masero anowanikwa mukati. pakati pebilayer. Mukuwedzera kune phospholipids, membrane yesero inewo mapuroteni, glycolipids, uye sterols, izvo zvinopa chimiro uye kushanda.
Imwe yeakakosha maitiro eiyo cellular membrane musero yechirimwa ndeye plasmodesmata, ari maumbirwo akasarudzika anobvumira kutaurirana uye kuchinjana kwezvinhu pakati pemaseru ari pedyo. Iyi plasmodesmata ndeye canaliculi inopfuura nemusero madziro uye inobvumira kutakurwa kwemvura, chikafu uye masaini pakati pemasero akavakidzana. Mukuwedzera, iyo membrane yesero inewo marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekutakura mapuroteni, akadai semapuroteni emugero uye mapuroteni anotakura, ayo anobvumira nzira yakasarudzwa yezvinhu kuburikidza ne membrane.
Muchidimbu, iyo yakaoma uye yakanyanya hunyanzvi. Yayo lipid uye mapuroteni kuumbwa kunopa iyo yakasarudzika zvimiro zvinoibvumira kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwesero uye kugadzirisa mafambiro ezvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, masero ezvirimwa ane plasmodesmata, zvimiro zvehunyanzvi zvinofambisa kutaurirana uye kuchinjana kwezvinhu pakati pemaseru ari pedyo. Kutenda kune chimiro chesero membrane iyo masero ekudyara anogona kuita. mabasa ayo yakakosha zvinobudirira.
Kusarudzika kupera kwesero membrane musero rechirimwa
Kusarudzika kupinza kwesero membrane kunoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwemasero ezvirimwa. Ichi chivakwa chinotibvumira kunyatso gadzirisa mafambiro ezvinhu kupinda nekubuda musero, kuve nechokwadi chemukati wakakwana. Iyo cell membrane yemasero ezvirimwa inoumbwa zvakanyanya ne phospholipids, mapuroteni uye makabhohaidhiretsi.
Pane nzira dzakasiyana dzinobatanidzwa mukusarudzika kupenya kwesero membrane mumasero ezvirimwa:
1. Kufambiswa kunofambiswa: Kuburikidza nemapuroteni ekufambisa chaiwo, mamwe mamorekuru madiki, anonyungudika nemafuta anogona kudzika nekudzika kwawo. Kuita uku hakudi simba uye kwakakosha pakufambisa kwezvinovaka muviri zvakakosha seshuga.
2. Active transport: Pakutakura mamorekuru achipikisana neconcentration gradient yawo, simba rinodiwa nenzira yeATP. Mumasero ezvirimwa, izvi zvinoitika kuburikidza nekutakura mapuroteni anonzi proton pombi, ayo anoburitsa electrochemical gradient kutyaira kutakurwa kwemaion nemamorekuru kuyambuka membrane.
3. Endocytosis uye exocytosis: Maitiro aya anosanganisira kuumbwa kwemavhesi ane zvinhu zvinozoiswa mukati kana kuburitswa nesero. Endocytosis inobvumira kubatwa kwezvinovaka muviri uye mamwe mamorekuru kubva kunharaunda, nepo exocytosis yakakosha pakuvharirwa kwezvinhu zvakaita semahomoni nema enzymes.
Kusarudzika kupinza kwesero membrane mumasero ezvirimwa kwakakosha kuchengetedza homeostasis uye kubvumira kuchinjana kwezvinhu nenharaunda. Kunzwisisa maitiro anosanganisirwa mukuita uku kwakakosha mukutsvagisa physiology yemasero ezvirimwa uye kunogona kuve nekushandisa mukuvandudza zvirimwa uye biotechnology.
Kutakurwa kwezvinhu mukati mesero membrane musero rechirimwa
Iyo yakakosha uye yakaoma nzira inobvumira kuchinjana kwezvinovaka muviri, mvura uye mamorekuru pakati pemukati nekunze kwesero. Iyi nzira yakakosha pakukura uye kukura kwechirimwa, pamwe nekurarama kwayo mumamiriro akasiyana ezvakatipoteredza.
Pane nzira mbiri huru dzekufambisa mukati mesero membrane musero rechirimwa: passive transport uye inoshanda yekufambisa. Kutakura kusinganzwisisi kunoitwa nekupararira, uko mamorekuru anodzika pasi gradient yavo, kuitira kuti afambe kubva kudunhu repamusoro kuenda kune imwe yakaderera. Nekune rimwe divi, kufambisa kunoshanda kunopedza simba uye kunobvumira kufamba kwemamorekuru achipesana nekudzikama kwawo, achiatora kubva kunharaunda yekudzika kwakadzika kuenda kune imwe yepamusoro.
Mukati mekutakura kunoshanda, mhando mbiri dzinogona kusiyaniswa: yekutanga inoshanda yekufambisa uye yechipiri inoshanda yekufambisa. Mukufambisa kwekutanga kunoshanda, simba reATP rinoshandiswa kupomba mamorekuru achipesana nekudzikama kwawo, kuburikidza nemapuroteni ekufambisa anonzi mapombi. Kune rimwe divi, mukufambisa kwechipiri kunoshanda, kufamba kwemorekuru kunosanganiswa kune imwe, kutora mukana weiyo concentration gradient kutakurwa kuyambuka membrane yesero.
Kudyidzana kwesero membrane musero rechirimwa nenzvimbo yaro
Musero rechirimwa, kudyidzana kwesero membrane nenzvimbo yaro kwakakosha pakuita kwayo uye kurarama. Sero membrane inoshanda sechidziviriro chekusarudza, kutonga kuchinjana kwezvinhu pakati pesero nenzvimbo yaro. Uku kudyidzana kwakakosha kwakakosha pakushanda kwakaringana kwechirimwa cell uye kugona kwayo kuchinjika kune nharaunda.
Imwe yekudyidzana kwakakosha kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvakayambuka membrane. Sero rechirimwa rinoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana kudzora kupinda nekubuda kwemamorekuru, zvichibvumira kutonga kwakaringana kwemukati. Imwe yeiyi nzira inofambiswa kupararira, uko mapuroteni chaiwo ekufambisa anobvumira kupfuura kwezvimwe zvinhu nenzira inodzorwa uye yakasarudzika. Kudyidzana uku kwakakosha pakutorwa kwezvinovaka muviri zvakakosha, senge maminerari evhu kana kutora CO.2 panguva yephotosynthesis.
Pamusoro pekutakura kwezvinhu, membrane yesero inoitawo basa rakakosha mukutaurirana kweserura. Kuburikidza nekudyidzana nekwavanogara, masero ezvirimwa anogona kugamuchira masaini ekunze uye oapfuudza nepakati pesero membrane kuenda mukati mesero. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekuda kwekuvapo kwe membrane receptors, iyo inoziva chaiyo kusaina mamorekuru uye kukonzeresa mhinduro dzemasero. Aya masaini anogona kubva kunharaunda yebiotic, sekuchinja kwekushisa kana chiedza, kana kubva kune biotic nharaunda, sekudyidzana nezvimwe zvipenyu. Iko kugona kwemaseru ezvirimwa kuona uye kupindura kune aya masaini kwakakosha kuti vararame uye vagadzirise mumamiriro akasiyana ezvakatipoteredza.
Kukosha kwekuchengetedza kutendeseka kwesero membrane musero yemiti
Kutendeseka kwesero membrane musero yechirimwa kwakakosha kukosha kwekushanda kwayo kwakaringana. Ichi chimiro, chinoumbwa zvakanyanya nemafuta uye mapuroteni, chinoshanda sechivharo chekusarudza chinoronga mafambiro ezvinhu kupinda nekubuda musero.
Kuchengetedza kutendeseka kweiyi membrane kwakakosha kune cellular homeostasis, sezvo inovimbisa kugadzikana kwemukati uye inodzivirira kurasikirwa kana kupinda kwezvikamu zvakakosha kana zvinokuvadza kune sero.
Iyo chirimwa sero membrane inoita basa rakakosha mune akasiyana biological maitiro, ichiratidza zvinotevera:
- Kutakurwa kwezvinhu: membrane inodzora kupinda uye kubuda kwemamorekuru, ichibvumira kupfuura kwezvinovaka muviri zvakakosha semvura, zvicherwa uye shuga, uye kudzivirira kupinda kwehupfu uye zvimwe zvinokuvadza zvinosanganiswa.
- Dziviriro uye chimiro: ichi chipingamupinyi chinopa tsigiro yechimiro uye kudzivirira kune chirimwa sero, kudzivirira deformation uye kuputika.
- Intercellular communication: kuburikidza nemapuroteni chaiwo, sero membrane inofambisa kutaurirana pakati pemaseru kuronga mabasa akakosha sekukura uye kuita kune ekunze kukurudzira.
Kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwesero membrane mumushonga wemiti kunoda mamiriro akanaka, akadai sekuenzanisa mukuumbwa kwe lipids uye mapuroteni, tembiricha yakakwana uye kuvapo kweakakosha cofactors yekushanda kwayo kwakaringana. Chero shanduko mune izvi zvinhu inogona kukanganisa membrane basa uye kukanganisa hupenyu hwechirimwa uye kukura.
Regulation yecellular kutaurirana mhiri kwemembrane musero rechirimwa
Iro idanho rinokosha rekushanda nemazvo kwezvipenyu zvezvirimwa. Iyi nharembozha inobvumira kufambiswa kwemashoko uye kurongeka kwezviitiko munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzechirimwa.
Kuti uwane uyu mutemo, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye mapuroteni akasarudzika akaonekwa musero membrane yechirimwa cell. Mamwe emhando huru anosanganisira:
- Ion chiteshi: Mapuroteni aya anodzora kuyerera kwemaion mukati memembrane yesero, achibvumira kutaurirana kwemagetsi pakati pemaseru echirimwa anosarudza uye anogona kuvhura kana kuvhara nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvinokurudzira, sekuchinja kwemagetsi kana kuvepo kwezvimwe. mamorekuru.
- Vatakuri: Aya mapuroteni ane basa rekutakura mamorekuru kuyambuka membrane yesero. Vamwe vatakuri vakananga kune mamwe mamorekuru, akadai seamino acids kana shuga, uye anogadzirisa kubatwa kwezvinovaka muviri uye kubviswa kwemarara Vamwe vatakuri vanobatanidzwa mukutaurirana kwepakati, zvichibvumira kuchinjana kwezviratidzo uye zvinhu pakati pemasero ekuvakidzana.
- Kusunga mapuroteni: Aya mapuroteni anonamatira kune cell membrane uye anoita semareceptors emhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoratidza mamorekuru. Nekusunga kune aya mamorekuru, kusunga mapuroteni kunokonzeresa mhinduro dzemaserura, senge activation yemasaini macascades anodzora kukura, kukura, uye kupindura kune zvakatipoteredza zvinhu.
Mukupedzisa, inosanganisira network yakaoma yemaitiro uye mapuroteni akasarudzika. Aya maitiro anovimbisa kuti masero ezvirimwa anopindura nenzira yakarongeka kune mukati uye kunze kwekusimudzira, achibvumira kurarama kwavo uye kuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.
Kudzivirirwa kwechirimwa sero kuburikidza nesero membrane
Sero yemiti inodzivirirwa nesero membrane, chimiro chakakosha chinodzivirira uye chinogadzirisa kutakurwa kwezvinhu kuburikidza nesero. Iyi membrane, iyo inozivikanwawo se plasma membrane, inoshanda sechivharo chekusarudza, ichibvumira kupinda nekubuda kwemamwe mamorekuru uye kudzivirira mukati mesero kubva pakukanganisa kwekunze.
Rimwe remabasa makuru emusero membrane mukuchengetedzwa kwesero remiti ndeyekudzivirira kupinda kwezvinhu zvisingadiwi. Nekuda kweiyo lipid kuumbwa, iyo cell membrane haipindire kune makuru, asiri-polar mamorekuru, ayo anobatsira kudzivirira kupinda kwechepfu kana zvinokuvadza kune sero.
Pamusoro pebasa rayo sechidziviriro chekudzivirira, iyo cell membrane inoitawo basa rakakosha mukutaurirana uye kusaina. Kuburikidza nemapuroteni akasarudzika, sero rechirimwa rinogona kugamuchira masaini kubva kunharaunda uye kupindura nenzira kwayo. Aya mapuroteni ekugamuchira anocherekedza chaiwo zvinhu uye anokonzeresa mhinduro padanho remaserura, izvo zvinobatsira kuchinjika uye kupona kwechirimwa sero munzvimbo yayo.
Kudyidzana pakati pesero membrane uye zvimiro zvemukati zvechirimwa sero
Sero membrane chinhu chakakosha mumasero ezvirimwa, sezvo ichitonga kudyidzana pakati pezvikamu zvemukati zvesero uye nekunze kwaro. Iyi membrane chidziviso chakasarudzika chinogadzirisa kupinda nekubuda kwezvinhu, pamwe nekutaurirana nemamwe maseru uye nharaunda. Tevere, kumwe kupindirana kukuru kunoitika pakati pesero membrane uye zvimiro zvemukati zvechirimwa sero zvichatsanangurwa.
1. Kutakurwa kwezvinhu: Sero membrane inobvumira nzira yakasarudzwa yemamorekuru nemaion kuburikidza nemapuroteni ekufambisa ari pamusoro payo. Izvi zvinofambisa kutakurwa kwezvinovaka muviri, zvakaita seshuga nemaamino acids, kupinda musero rechirimwa. Saizvozvo, iyo cell membrane inoitawo basa rakakosha mukubvisa tsvina uye chepfu kuburikidza nemaitiro exocytosis uye endocytosis.
2. Kukurukurirana kweserura: Sero membrane ine zviratidzo zvinogamuchira zvinobvumira masero emiti kuti ataurirane uye aone kuchinja mumamiriro avo ezvinhu. Aya mareceptor anogona kuziva kusaina mamorekuru, senge mahomoni ezvirimwa kana mamorekuru ekuzvizivisa, zvichikonzera mhinduro dzebiological. Uku kutaurirana kwemaserura kwakakosha mumatanho akadai sekukura kwechirimwa, mhinduro kune ekunze kukurudzira uye kurongeka kwemabasa padanho rematishu.
3. Kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwemasero: Sero membrane inoitawo basa rinokosha mukugadzikana uye chimiro chesero yemiti. Kuve inoumbwa ne lipid bilayer uye mapuroteni echimiro, iyo membrane yesero inopa tsigiro yemuviri kune zvemukati zvimiro zvesero. Mukuwedzera, inogadzirisa kusanganiswa kwemukati kwemaion uye mamorekuru, kudzivirira kuchinja kwakanyanya kunogona kukuvadza sero. Muchidimbu, iyo cell membrane inoshanda sechivharo chekudzivirira uye ine basa rekuchengetedza iyo yemukati homeostasis yechirimwa sero.
Kutsinhana kweruzivo pakati pemaseru ezvirimwa kuburikidza nesero membrane
Rimwe remabasa akanyanya kukosha emusero membrane mumasero ezvirimwa ndeyekubvumidza kuchinjana kweruzivo pakati pavo. Kukurukurirana uku kwakakosha pakushanda chaiko nekukura kwematishu echirimwa. Kuburikidza nesero membrane, masero ekudyara anogona kuchinjanisa masaini uye akakosha mamorekuru anogadzirisa maitiro akadai sekukura, kusiyanisa masero, uye kupindura kune kwezvakatipoteredza zvinokurudzira.
Inoitwa kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana. Imwe yacho ndeyekutaurirana kwakananga pakati pemaseru ari pedyo, anozivikanwa semunharaunda cellular communication. Muchiitiko ichi, masero anotaurirana kuburikidza nekubatana kuduku kunonzi plasmodesmata, iyo inobvumira kupfuura kwemamorekuru uye zviratidzo zviduku pakati pavo. Iyi nzira yakakosha pakubatana kwemabasa mumiti yezvirimwa.
Imwe nzira yekuchinjana ruzivo ndeyekuburitswa kwemakemikari masaini kune extracellular nharaunda. Aya masaini, anonzi phytohormones, anogadzirwa musero uye anoburitswa mukati mepakati, kwaanotorwa nemaseru akavakidzana. Phytohormones inoratidzira mamorekuru ayo anokonzera mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana mumasero anogamuchira, akadai sekutonga kwekukura nekukura, mhinduro kune zvinoshungurudza zvinhu, uye kurongeka kwemasabolism. Mienzaniso ye phytohormones inosanganisira abscisic acid, auxins, uye gibberellins.
Kugadziriswa kwesero membrane musero yezvirimwa kune akasiyana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza
Sero membrane chinhu chakakosha mumasero ezvirimwa, anoita sechivharo chekusarudza uye chinobvumira kupinda nekubuda kwezvinhu zvinodiwa pakushanda kwesero. Nekudaro, iyi membrane inochinjika nenzira inoshamisa kune akasiyana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, ayo anoibvumira kuchengetedza kushanda kwayo uye kuvimbisa kupona kwesero.
Imwe yeanonyanya kucherechedzwa kuchinjika kwesero membrane mumasero emiti ndiko kugona kwayo kushandura lipid kuumbwa kwayo pasi pemamiriro ekushushikana, sekudziya kwakaderera kana kusanaya kwemvura, zvinomera zvinogona kushandura huwandu uye rudzi rwe lipids iripo. Iyi mutsauko mukuumbwa kwe lipid inopa iyo membrane yakakura fluidity, iyo inovandudza kugona kwayo kugadzirisa uye kupindura kune isingafanoonekwe shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Imwe shanduko yakakosha kuvepo kweakakosha mapuroteni mu membrane inonzi aquaporins. Aya mapuroteni, anowanikwa muhuwandu hukuru mumasero ezvirimwa akaiswa kune mamiriro emunyu wakanyanya kana kusanaya kwemvura, anobvumira kufambiswa kwakanaka kwemvura kuyambuka membrane, nokudaro zvichibatsira kuchengetedza kuenzana kwemvura yesero. Pamusoro pezvo, kuvapo kweaya aquaporins kunobatsirawo kutorwa kwe zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa pachirimwa.
Hukama pakati pesero membrane uye maitiro ekukura uye kukura muchirimwa cell
Sero membrane chinhu chakakosha kukura nekuvandudzwa kwesero rechirimwa, Sero rinoronga mafambiro ezvinhu uye inochengetedza kuvimbika kwesero. Tevere, humwe hukama hukuru pakati pesero membrane uye maitiro ekukura nekusimudzira musero rechirimwa zvicharatidzwa.
1. Kutakurwa kwezvinhu: Sero membrane ine basa rekugadzirisa mafambiro emamorekuru nemaion kuenda nekubva kuchirimwa cell. Kuburikidza nemapuroteni ekufambisa uye nzira dzeion, inobvumira kupinda kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvinovaka muviri kune synthesis yeorganic compounds uye kukura kwechirimwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, inobatsirawo kubviswa kwemarara uye chepfu. Iyi sarudzo yekufambisa yakakosha kuchengetedza osmotic chiyero uye kuve nechokwadi chekusimudzira kwakaringana kwechirimwa sero.
2. Kukurukurirana kweserura: Sero membrane inoita basa rakakosha mukutaurirana pakati pemasero ezvirimwa. Kuburikidza neadhesion proteins uye intercellular connections yakadai seplasmodesmata, inobvumira kuchinjana kwezviratidzo nemamorekuru pakati pemasero ari pedyo. Uku kutaurirana kwemaserura kwakakosha kurongedza kukura nekuvandudzwa kwemiti yezvirimwa, zvichibvumira kuumbwa kwezvimiro zvakaita semeristems uye mutsauko wemaserura munhengo dzakasiyana siyana.
3. Mhinduro kune kunze kwekusimudzira: Sero membrane ndiyo inokoshawo mukuona uye kupindura kwesero remiti kune zvinokurudzira zvakatipoteredza. Kuburikidza nepamusoro receptors, senge phytochromes uye chirimwa mahormone receptors, iyo cell membrane inoona masiginecha akadai sechiedza, tembiricha uye mahomoni, zvichikonzera physiological uye biochemical mhinduro muchitokisi. Mhinduro idzi dzinokubvumira kugadzirisa kune zvakatipoteredza uye kugadzirisa kukura uye kukura maererano nemamiriro ekunze.
Mibvunzo neMhinduro
Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi cell membrane musero rechirimwa?
A: Sero membrane chimiro chiripo mumasero ezvirimwa uye inoita mabasa akasiyana siyana. Icho chidziviriro chekudzivirira chinokomberedza uye chinoparadzanisa sero, kuchiparadzanisa kubva kune kunze kwekunze uye kutonga kuchinjana kwezvinhu pakati pesero nenharaunda yaro.
Mubvunzo: Ndeipi kuumbwa kwesero membrane musero rechirimwa?
A: Iyo cell membrane yechirimwa sero inonyanya kuumbwa ne lipid bilayer, inoumbwa ne phospholipid mamorekuru. Mukuwedzera, ine mapuroteni akaiswa mu lipid bilayer uye makabhohaidhiretsi akabatana neakataurwa mapuroteni uye lipids, achigadzira chimiro chinonzi glycoprotein uye glycolipid, zvichiteerana.
Mubvunzo: Ndeapi mabasa e cell membrane musero rechirimwa?
A: Iyo cell membrane inotamba akati wandei mabasa akakosha mu chirimwa cell. Pakati pavo, kutonga kwekupinda uye kubuda kwema molecules uye zvinovaka muviri zvinomira kunze kuburikidza nehuwandu hwekutakura mapuroteni; kuchengetedzwa kwesero nekuita sechidziviriro pazvinhu zvinokuvadza; uye kuchengetedzwa kweiyo osmotic chiyero, kugadzirisa mafambiro emvura uye kudzivirira sero kubva pakupera mvura kana kuputika zvakanyanya.
Mubvunzo: Kutakurwa kwezvinhu kuyambuka sero membrane musero rechirimwa kunoitwa sei?
A: Kutakurwa kwezvinhu kuyambuka membrane yesero musero rechirimwa kunogona kuitika nenzira huru mbiri: kufambisa kusingaite uye kufambisa kunoshanda, mamorekuru anofamba achidzika pasi peiyo concentration gradient, pasina kuda kuwedzera. Mukufambisa kunoshanda, simba rinodiwa kuti mamorekuru afambe achipikisana neconcentration gradient, kuburikidza nemapuroteni ekufambisa chaiwo.
Mubvunzo: Ndedzipi shanduko dze cell membrane musero rechirimwa?
A: Iyo cell membrane musero yechirimwa inopa mamwe madhipatimendi kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanyanya mumabasa ayo. Imwe yacho kuvepo kwekupeta, invaginations kana microvilli iyo inowedzera membrane yepamusoro inowanikwa yekutakura zvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, mune mamwe masero ezvirimwa, zvimiro zvehunyanzvi zvinonzi plasmodesmata zvinogona kuumba, izvo zvinobvumira kutaurirana kwakananga uye kutakura pakati pemasero ari padyo.
Mubvunzo: Chii chinoitika kana cell membrane yechirimwa cell ikakuvadzwa?
A: Kana iyo cell membrane yechirimwa sero yakakuvadzwa, sero rinogona kurasikirwa nekuvimbika uye kushanda kwayo, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu rwesero. Uyezve, kurasikirwa kwekukwanisa kugadzirisa kuchinjana kwezvinhu nemamiriro ekunze kunogona kuunza kusaenzana kweosmotic uye kukanganisa kushanda kwakanaka kwesero.
Mubvunzo: Pane here zvirwere zvine chekuita nematambudziko musero membrane yechirimwa cell?
A: Hongu, kune zvirwere zvinogona kubatanidzwa nezvinetso musero membrane yechirimwa. Semuenzaniso, zvirwere zvemajini zvinokanganisa kuumbwa kana kushanda kwemapuroteni ekufambisa aripo mu membrane zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana mukutakura kwezvinovaka muviri uye metabolites, zvichikanganisa kukura nekushanda kwechirimwa kazhinji.
Mubvunzo: Ndeapi mashandisirwo ane kudzidza kwesero membrane mune chirimwa cell?
A: Kuongorora kwe”cell membrane” muchirimwa sero kune mashandiro munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Semuyenzaniso, muindasitiri yezvekurima, kunzwisisa kuti mapuroteni ekutakura membrane anoshanda sei anogona kubatsira kunatsa kutorwa kwechikafu muzvirimwa, zvichiwedzera kushanda kwazvo. Uyezve, ruzivo rwemagadzirirwo uye kushanda kwesero membrane kwakakosha muchirimwa biotechnology uye mukugadzirisa majini kwezvirimwa kuti uwane hunhu hunodiwa.
Pfungwa Huru
Mukupedzisa, iyo cell membrane inoita basa rakakosha musero rechirimwa nekuva nebasa rekupa dziviriro, kudzora kuyerera kwezvinhu uye kuchengetedza homeostasis. Kuumbwa kwayo uye magadzirirwo anobvumira kushanda kwakaringana kwesero, kuve nechokwadi chekupona kwayo uye kuita kwakaringana. Uye zvakare, iyo cell membrane inoitawo basa rakakosha mukutaurirana kweserura uye maitiro ekuzivikanwa. Kuziva uye kunzwisisa membrane yesero musero rechirimwa kwakakosha kuti unzwisise zvirinani maitiro uye maitirwo anoitika mumaseru aya uye kuvhura musuwo wekutsvaga uye kufambira mberi mumunda webiology yezvirimwa.
Ini ndiri Sebastián Vidal, injiniya wekombuta anofarira nezve tekinoroji uye DIY. Uyezve, ndini musiki we tecnobits.com, kwandinogovera zvidzidzo kuti tekinoroji iwanikwe uye inonzwisisika kumunhu wese.