Kadhi reNetiweki

Network Card: gwara rakazara kuti unzwisise kushanda kwayo uye marudzi

Chii chinonzi network card?
Munyika yetekinoroji uye network, a kadhi renetiweki Icho chinhu chakakosha chekukurukurirana uye kubatana kwemidziyo. Inozivikanwawo se adapta yenetiweki o interface yenetiweki, chidimbu ichi chehardware chinobvumira kuendesa data pakati pemakomputa, masisitimu uye zvishandiso munzvimbo imwechete kana paInternet.

Mashandisiro anoita network card
Iye kushanda kwetiweki kadhi Inobva pakushandurwa kwemashoko emagetsi anogadzirwa nekombiyuta kana chigadziro kuva zviratidzo zvemagetsi kana chiedza. Aya masaini anofambiswa kuburikidza netambo kana pasina waya kuenda mimwe midziyo yakabatana pane network. The kumhanya kwekuchinjisa yetiweki kadhi ⁢inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwe⁢ yekubatanidza⁤ (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, nezvimwewo) uye tekinoroji inoshandiswa.

Mhando dzemakadhi enetwork
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana e makadhi enetwork izvo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo uye zvinodiwa zvenzvimbo yega yega. Zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndizvo Ethernet makadhi, iyo inoshandisa tambo dzetiweki kutumira data nenzira yezviratidzo zvemagetsi. Mamwe marudzi anosanganisira makadhi asina waya (Wireless LAN), iyo yakabatana kuburikidza nemasaisai eredhiyo kana masaini emwenje, uye Bluetooth makadhi, iyo inobvumira kushamwaridzana kusina wireless pamusoro pezvinhambwe zvishoma.

Muchidimbu, kuve neruzivo rwakanaka rwemakadhi etiweki kwakakosha kuti unzwisise mashandiro anoita data nemanetiweki ekutaurirana. Negwaro rakazara iri makadhi enetwork, tinotarisira kukupa ruzivo rwese rwunodiwa ⁢kuti unzwisise kukosha kwayo uye maitiro ehunyanzvi. Ramba uchiverenga ⁢kuti uwane zvimwe nezve ichi chakakosha chetiweki chikamu!

Kugadziriswa kwekadhi renetwork

Kugadzika kwekutanga
Iyo ⁤network kadhi chinhu chakakosha painternet yekombuta yako. Kuti uite dhizaini chaiyo, zvakakosha kutevera matanho aya:

- Chekutanga, ona kuti komputa yako yakabatana kunetiweki uchishandisa tambo yeEthernet kana kuti yakabatana neWi-Fi.
- Svika kunetiweki zvigadziriso kubva pane control panel yeako anoshanda system. Pa ⁢Windows, unogona kuiwana muNetwork uye Internet Settings menyu.
- Mukati mezvirongwa zvetiweki, sarudza "Network Card" kana "Network Adapter" sarudzo yekuwana iyo chaiyo marongero ekadhi rako.
- Pano iwe unogona kugadzirisa iyo IP kero, subnet mask, default gedhi uye DNS maseva.

Zvirongwa zvepamusoro
Kana iwe uchida mamwe magadzirirwo epamberi kunetiweki kadhi rako, unogona kuwana mamwe sarudzo senge:

-Kumhanyisa uye duplex marongero: inokutendera iwe kuti usarudze kumhanya kwekubatanidza kunetiweki yako kadhi, senge 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps kana Gigabit. Iwe unogona zvakare kusarudza duplex modhi, iyo inosarudza kuti data rinofambiswa sei, ingave muhafu-duplex kana yakazara-duplex modhi.
- VLAN kumisikidza: Kana network yako ichishandisa maVLAN, unogona kumisikidza yako network kadhi kuti ive yeiyo VLAN chaiyo.
-Kuyerera kwekudzora kumisikidza: Kuyerera kwekudzora kunotendera iwe kubata uye kugadzirisa kuyerera kwedata pakati petiweki yako kadhi uye switch kana router kwayakabatana nayo.
- Wake PaLAN Settings: Kana iwe uchida kuti komputa yako ivhure kure netiweki, unogona kugonesa iyi sarudzo mu.

Kugadzirisa matambudziko
Kana uri kusangana nematambudziko ekubatanidza netiweki kadhi rako, heano mamwe akajairika mhinduro:

-Ona kuti tambo dzakabatanidzwa nemazvo uye dziri mumamiriro akanaka.
-Tangisazve komputa yako uye router yako kana chinja.
- Gadziridza madhiraivha ako etiweki kadhi.
-Gadzirisa zvigadziriso zvetiweki kuti sisitimu yako yekushandisa.
- Ita network diagnostics kuona uye "kugadzirisa" mamwe matambudziko.

Rangarira kuti kana iwe uine chero mibvunzo nezve kumisikidzwa yetiweki kadhi rako, unogona kugara uchitarisa mushandisi bhuku remugadziri kana kutsvaga rubatsiro rwepamhepo mumaforamu kana masaiti akasarudzika. Paunenge uchinge uine yako network kadhi yakagadziriswa nemazvo, iwe unenge wakagadzirira kunakidzwa nekugadzikana uye nekukurumidza internet yekubatanidza!

Network kadhi kuenderana neanoshanda system

Kadhi reNetiweki

La Icho chinhu chakakosha mukuona kushanda kwakanaka uye kusina dambudziko kwemakombuta network. Pakusarudza⁢ kadhi retiweki, zvakakosha kufunga kuti rinoenderana ne⁢ sisitimu yekushandisa iyo inoshandiswa pane network zvishandiso. Izvi zvinogonesa kubatanidzwa nekumisikidza kuri nyore, kudzivirira kusagadzikana uye kurasikirwa kwenguva mukuiswa kwehardware.

Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kuziva kuti makadhi etiweki anogona kuwirirana nawo masisitimu akasiyana kushanda. Zvimwe zvacho masisitimu ekushanda Zvakajairika zvinosanganisira Windows, macOS, uye Linux. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti utarise zvinorehwa netiweki kadhi uye zvinodiwa usati waitenga kuti uone kuti inoenderana sisitimu yekushandisa iyo inoshandiswa paInternet.

Zvakare, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti sisitimu yekushandisa inogadziridza inogona kukanganisa kuenderana kwemakadhi etiweki aripo. Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kugara uchifambidzana neshanduro dzichangoburwa yehurongwa hwekushanda uye kugara uchiongorora kuenderana kwemakadhi etiweki anoshandiswa pane network. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti udzivise zvinokonzeresa zvinogoneka uye uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwetiweki nguva dzese.

Network kadhi kumhanya uye bandwidth

Netiweki makadhi zvinhu zvakakosha mukutaurirana kwedata pakati pemidziyo pane network yenharaunda (LAN). Pakati peakanyanya kukosha maitiro ekufunga nezvawo pakusarudza network kadhi ndeye kumhanya uye bandwidth zvavanopa. Aya maficha maviri anotarisisa kadhi rekufambisa data, izvo zvinozokanganisa kushanda nekumhanya kwetiweki.

Kumhanya kwekadhi retiweki inoreva ⁣ ⁣ ⁣ ⁣ yakanyanya kuchinjisa data iyo inogona kuwana. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kukurumidza uku kunoyerwa ne megabits pasekondi (Mbps) kana gigabits pasekondi (Gbps). Zvichienderana nezvaunoda network, unogona kusarudza makadhi etiweki anopa kumhanya kwe10/100 Mbps, 1000 Mbps, kana kutokwira. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive iyo yakanyanya kumhanya yerouter yako uye ita shuwa kuti kadhi retiweki rinoenderana kudzivirira kutapurirana kumhanya mipimo.

Network kadhi bandwidth, kune rumwe rutivi, inoreva kukwanisa kwekadhi kugamuchira uye kutumira data panguva imwe chete. Mune mamwe mazwi, ihwo huwandu hwehuwandu hwemashoko ayo kadhi rinogona kubata panguva imwe chete. Iyi data inonyanya kukosha munzvimbo dzinodiwa zvakanyanya kufambiswa kwedata, senge mumakambani kana nzvimbo dzedzidzo. Kuve netiweki kadhi ine bandwidth yakakwana inovimbisa kuita kwakaringana uye inodzivirira mabhodhoro mumambure.

Network protocol inotsigirwa ne⁢ iyo⁢ network⁢ kadhi

Network protocol maseti⁤ emitemo uye zviyero zvinobvumira kutaurirana pakati pemidziyo panetiweki. Iyo network kadhi chinhu chakakosha chinobvumira mudziyo kuti ubatanidze kune network uye kutaurirana nezvimwe zvishandiso. Kuti kadhi retiweki rienderane uye rishande nemazvo, zvakakosha kuziva network network inoenderana nayo.

Kune akasiyana network maprotocol anoenderana netiweki makadhi. Zvimwe zvinonyanyozivikanwa ndezveInternet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Medium Access Control Protocol (MAC), uye Kero Resolution Protocol (ARP). Aya maprotocol⁢ anobvumira kufambiswa kwedata nenzira ⁤inoshanda uye yakachengeteka, kuve nechokwadi chekuti ruzivo rwasvika kwakakodzera kwainoenda.

Iyo Internet Protocol (IP) ndeimwe yeakanyanya kukosha maprotocol, sezvo ine basa rekugovera akasiyana kero kune yega yega mudziyo pane network. Izvi zvinobvumira data kutumirwa uye kugamuchirwa nemazvo. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) inova nechokwadi chekuendeswa kwedata nekuityora kuita mapaketi madiki uye nekuona kuti anosvika muhurongwa chaihwo. Nekune rimwe divi, iyo Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol ine basa rekugadzirisa kupinda kunetiweki, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvishandiso zvinotaurirana pasina kukanganisa. Pakupedzisira, Kero Resolution Protocol (ARP) inobvumira kushandurwa kwekero dzeIP kukero dzeMAC, zvichibvumira zvishandiso kuwana uye kutaurirana.

Muchidimbu, zvakakosha kuziva iyo ⁣ ⁣ kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwayo kwakaringana. Maprotocol akadai seIP,⁤ TCP, MAC, uye ARP anoita basa rakakosha mukutaurirana uye kutapurirana data panetiweki. ⁤Sarudzo chaiyo uye kumisikidzwa kwezvibvumirano izvi zvinovimbisa kubatana kwakagadzikana uye kwakachengeteka, zvichibvumira michina kubatana uye kugovana ruzivo. zvinobudirira.

Chengetedzo uye kuchengetedza data pane network kadhi

La kuchengetedzwa nekuchengetedzwa kwedata mu network card⁤ Icho chinhu chakakosha⁤ kuvimbisa kuvimbika uye kuvanzika kweruzivo rwunofambiswa pane network. Sezvo kadhi retiweki rine basa rekutumira nekugamuchira data, zvakakosha kuita matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza ruzivo uye kudzivirira zvinogona kutyisidzira kuchengetedza. Muchinyorwa chino,⁢ tichaongorora⁤ mafungidziro makuru ekuona kuchengetedzwa kwedata pa⁤kadhi retiweki.

Kuvharidzira data: Imwe yedza⁤ nzira dzakanakisa dzekuchengetedza data⁢ inofambiswa kuburikidza netiweki kadhi ndeyekushandisa encryption matekiniki. Kuvharidzira kunosanganisira kushandura data kuita fomati isingaverengeki nemunhu wese asina kiyi yekudzima. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyangwe munhu wechitatu akakwanisa kubata data, haakwanise kunzwisisa kana kushandisa ruzivo rwakafambiswa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti ushandise yakasimba encryption algorithms uye nekuagadziridza nguva nenguva kuti ararame nekufambira mberi mukuita decryption matekiniki.

Firewalls uye mafirita: Chimwe chiyero chakakosha chekuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwedata panetiweki kadhi ndeyekuitwa kwemafirewall uye mafirita. Firewall inoshanda sechipinganidzo pakati petiweki yemukati nekunze, kutarisa nekudzora traffic inouya uye inobuda. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira kupinda kusina mvumo kunetiweki uye inodzivirira ruzivo kubva kune zvinogona kuitika kunze kwekurwiswa. Masefa,⁤ nerumwe rutivi, anoshandiswa kuvharisa zvisingadiwe kana zvakaipa, senge mawebhusaiti anofungidzirwa kana maemail.

Firmware uye dhiraivha yekuvandudza: ⁤Kuchengeta network kadhi firmware uye vatyairi vari kufambidzana kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza data. Vagadziri vekadhi retiweki vanowanzoburitsa zvigadziriso zvenguva dzose kugadzirisa zvinozivikanwa kuchengetedzwa kwenjodzi kana kunatsiridza kuita kwese. Zvakakosha kugara wakatarisa pane izvi zvigadziriso uye kuzvishandisa nguva nenguva. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa software yekuvandudza manejimendi kuti ifambise maitiro ekuvandudza uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti makadhi ese etiweki ari kusvika parizvino uye akachengetedzwa.

Network kadhi simba rekushandisa

Kushanda kwesimba chinhu chakakosha kutarisisa pakusarudza a kadhi renetiweki yechikwata chako. Kadhi retiweki rinoshanda nesimba haringodzikisi mashandisirwo emagetsi, asi rinogona kubatsira kuderedza kupisa kunogadzirwa uye kuvandudza mashandiro ehurongwa hwese. Izvi zvinoturikira kuita yakaderera mashandisirwo esimba, yakaderera mitengo yekushandisa uye kusimba kukuru kwezvikamu zvako.

Kadhi retiweki rinoshanda nesimba rinoshandisa matekinoroji epamusoro kuti uwedzere kushandisa kwako simba. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira maitiro ekugadzirisa simba sekudzima otomatiki kana kubatana kusiri kushandiswa, kuderedza kukurumidza kwekutapurirana kana network yakaderera, kana kuona nekuvhara isingashande network ports. Aya akangwara maficha anogonesa kuwedzera kushanda nesimba kwesimba uye kuve nechokwadi yakagadzikana uye nekukurumidza yekubatanidza paunenge uchiida.

Paunenge uchisarudza kadhi retiweki, zvakakosha kuti utarise kune ayo anoenderana neanozivikanwa ekuita kwesimba zviyero. Vamwe mitemo yakakodzera Munzvimbo iyi vanosanganisira Simba Inoshanda Ethernet (EEE) uye IEEE 802.3az. Aya mazinga anotsanangura chaiwo ekuchengetedza simba zvinodiwa uye ive nechokwadi chekuti network kadhi⁢ inosangana nemamwe mazinga esimba rekushandisa. Nekusarudza kadhi retiweki⁢ rinosangana nezviyero izvi, unogona kuve nechokwadi⁢ kuti uri kuwana chakavimbika uye chinoshanda nesimba chigadzirwa.

Mazano ekuisa uye kugadzirisa network kadhi

Kuisa nekuvandudza kadhi retiweki inogona kuve yakaoma maitiro kana matanho akakodzera akasateverwa. Nokudaro, muchikamu chino tichakupa mamwe mazano anobatsira kuitira kuti iwe uite basa iri re nzira inoshanda.

Kusarudza yakakodzera network kadhi: Usati watanga kuisirwa, zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti unetiweki kadhi inoenderana neako yekushandisa system uye yako mhando yeInternet yekubatanidza uye sarudza kadhi retiweki rinosangana nezvinodiwa izvi. Zvakare, funga nezvemhando yekubatanidza yaunoshandisa, ingave Ethernet, Wi-Fi kana imwe. Izvi zvichakubatsira kudzivirira kuenderana nyaya panguva yekuisa.

Dzima mutyairi wekadhi retiweki yapfuura: Kana iwe uri kusimudzira kadhi rako retiweki, zvinokurudzirwa kudzima iyo yapfuura kadhi mutyairi usati waenderera mberi nekuisa. Izvi zvinodzivirira kusawirirana pakati pevatyairi uye kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirisa maitiro. Unogona kudzima mutyairi kubva kune yako yekushandisa system's Device Manager. Kana yangomiswa, enderera mberi nekuisa iyo itsva network kadhi.

Enderera mberi nhanho nhanho mirairo yemugadziri: Kadhi yega yega inetiweki inogona kuve nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana uye maitiro ekuisa. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kunyatsoverenga mirairo yakapihwa nemugadziri. Izvi zvinowanzoiswa mubhokisi remakadhi kana kuwanikwa pa webhusaiti kubva kumugadziri. Tevedza nhanho imwe neimwe kune tsamba uye ita shuwa kuti hausikuke chero mazano. Kana uine mibvunzo, unogona kubata rutsigiro rwemugadziri kuti uwane rumwe rubatsiro. .