Tesla Yakazara Self-Driving (FSD): chii, mashandiro ayo, uye ndeapi nhanho yekuzvimiririra yainayo

Hablar de conducción autónoma es hablar de Tesla y, en concreto, de su Yakazara Self-Driving (FSD) system. Iyi sisitimu yanga iri imwe yemakakatanwa, media-yakanyanya, uye yepamusoro-soro maererano nerubatsiro rwemutyairi. Nezvivimbiso zvekuzvimiririra kuzere, kuenderera mberi, uye kupokana kwepamutemo, Tesla's FSD yakashandura maonero eruzhinji emota dzakangwara uye indasitiri yemotokari.

Muchikamu chino tichaona kuti Tesla Yakazara Kuzvityaira inosanganisirei, kuti yakashanduka sei, matambudziko api nezvipingamupinyi zvayakatarisana nazvo, uye kusvika papi zvayakachengeteka uye ine shanduko. Kana uchitsvaga ruzivo rwakajeka, rwakadzama, uye rwechizvino-zvino-rusina kubva kune risingakoshi rehunyanzvi jargon uye nenzira yechokwadi-wasvika panzvimbo chaiyo.

Chii chinonzi Tesla Full Self-Driving?

Tesla Yakazara Self-Driving, inonyanya kuzivikanwa seFSD, ndeye tekinoroji yepamusoro yekubatsira mutyairi inopihwa naTesla, uye inomiririra muenzaniso wekupedzisira wekuzvipira kwayo kumotokari dzinozvimiririra. Kunyangwe zita richiratidza kuti mota inogona kuzvityaira, chokwadi chakasiyana: Pamutemo, FSD rubatsiro rweChikamu 2 zvinoenderana nechikamu cheSAE, kwete kutyaira zvizere. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutyairi anogara achidiwa kuti ateerere uye ave akagadzirira kudzora chero nguva.

Kunyangwe zita rayo richiratidza kuzvimiririra, Tesla anoratidza izvozvo Mutyairi anofanirwa kugara akateerera uye nekutarisa mota, kunyangwe iine FSD yakabatidzwa. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvichitevera kupokana kwakati wandei, ndipo pakatanga brand kudaidza iyo package kuti 'Yakazara Kuzvityaira (Yakatariswa)'.

Mabviro: kubva kuAutopilot kuenda kuFSD

Rwendo rwaTesla rwekuzvitonga rwakatanga muna 2013, apo Elon Musk akatanga kutaura pachena pamusoro pezvirongwa zvinogona kubatsira vatyairi, zvakafuridzirwa nevatyairi vendege.

Entre 2014 y 2016, Iyo Autopilot system yaive nhau huru muTesla Model S uye Model X, kubatanidza zvinhu zvakaita seotomatiki kupaka uye Summon (kubvisa mota kubva panzvimbo yekupaka). Kubatana kwekutanga kwaive neMobileye, asi izvi zvakamiswa nekuda kwekusiyana pamusoro pemiganhu yekuchengetedza.

Shanduko kune Yakazara Self-Driving Yaisanganisira zvinhanho zvakati wandei, iine hardware inogara ichibuda (HW2, HW2.5, HW3, HW4, uye munguva pfupi HW5), kuvandudza ma processor nemasensor. Mukufanana, software yakagadziridzwa, ichibvumira kutyaira mumigwagwa yemudhorobha uye kuzivikanwa kwemarobhoti uye zviratidzo zvekumira.

Evolution yeFSD mashandiro uye Hardware

Musiyano mukuru pakati peFSD uye Autopilot uye Enhanced Autopilot Chishuvo chayo ndechekuwana kuzvitonga kuzere: kuti mota inogona kutenderera mumigwagwa mikuru, munzvimbo dzemumaguta uye mumigwagwa yekupaka pasina kupindira kwevanhu.

Tesla yakagadziridza hardware uye software nekufamba kwenguva, kusanganisira:

• HW1 (2014): basic sensors uye processor, ine mashoma mabasa.
• HW2 (2016): mamwe makamera uye masensa, danho rakakosha rakananga kuzvitonga zvemaguta.
• HW2.5 (2017): kuvandudzwa kwe processor uye redundant masisitimu.
• HW3 (2019): Komputa yaTesla pachake, simba guru rekuita sarudzo.
• HW4 (2023): makamera ekugadziridza epamusoro uye akasimba Hardware, pakutanga chete mune emulation mode neHW3 software.
• HW5 (AI5, 2026): yakarongerwa 2026, ichave ine simba rakapetwa kagumi pane HW4.

FSD inosanganiswa makamera (Tesla Vision), radar mune dzakapfuura shanduro uye ma processor akagadzirwa naTesla, inotungamirirwa neneural network inoramba ichidzidza kubva kumamiriyoni emakiromita akafamba pasi rose.

FSD software uye betas

Imwe yezvakanakisa zvaTesla yanga iri kuenderera mberi kwekuendesa mu "beta" fomati, chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika muindasitiri yemotokari. Kubva muna Gumiguru 2020, vatangi vekutanga-kusanganisira vashandi vakasarudzwa uye vanoedza-vakatanga kugamuchira shanduro dzekuyedza dzeFSD munzvimbo dzemudhorobha.

Iyo strategy yanga yanetsa, Nekuti imwe neimwe yekuvandudza inosanganisira njodzi uye inogadzira kutariswa kwenhau, izvo zvakaunzwa nekunatswa zvinosanganisira:

• Highway Driving ne Navigate pa Autopilot
• Kuziva uye kupindura kumarobhoti uye zviratidzo zvekumira
• Autosteer mumigwagwa yemudhorobha
• Cambio de carril automático
• Summon Yepamberi ("Smart Summon")
• Yakavandudzwa otomatiki kupaka

Shanduro dzichangoburwa, dzakadai se12 ne13, Iwo akavakirwa anenge akasarudzika pamashini ekudzidza modhi, zvakanyanya kubvisa echinyakare kodhi uye kuvimba neural network yakadzidziswa neiyo chaiyo data.

FSD inoshanda sei? Misimboti yehunyanzvi

Tesla's tekinoroji base inotarisa pa dhizaini yakavakirwa pamakamera uye yepamberi yekuona chiono (Tesla Vision), Kusiya padivi masensa akadai LIDAR kana akadzama 3D mepu, kusiyana nevakwikwidzi vakaita seWaymo kana Cruise.

El sistema emplea makamera masere ekunze, ma ultrasonic sensors (pane pre-2023 modhi) uye Tesla-yakagadzirwa processors, Inotungamirirwa neneural network inodzidza kubva pamapateni mumamiriyoni ehupenyu chaihwo hwekutyaira data mapoinzi. Iyo kambani inozvirumbidza pamusoro pepasi rose ngarava yekuunganidza data yekutyaira yakazvimiririra.

Zvisinei, Iro zano rekuvimba chete nemakamera nemamepu asina kujeka rakashoropodzwa, Vamwe vanofunga kuti kushomeka kweLIDAR uye mepu dzakaringana zvinodzikamisa chiyero chakanangana nenhanho yechishanu yekuzvitonga chaiko.

FSD's Nyeredzi Zvimiro: Uku ndiko Kutyaira kwaTesla Kunobatsira

Ngationgororei anonyanya kukosha maficha ayo FSD inopa mumapakeji ayo akasiyana, Sezvo kuwana kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenyika, modhi uye hardware:

Kuenzanisa kwemabasa zvichienderana nekondirakiti package

Basa	Autopilot	Enhanced Autopilot (EAP)	Full Self-Driving (FSD)
Control de crucero adaptativo	Ehe	Ehe	Ehe
Autosteer (ramba uri munzira)	Ehe	Ehe	Ehe
Navigate on Autopilot	Aihwa	Ehe	Ehe
Cambio de carril automático	Aihwa	Ehe	Ehe
Autopark	Aihwa	Ehe	Ehe
Summon	Aihwa	Ehe	Ehe
Smart Summon	Aihwa	Ehe	Ehe
Reconocimiento de señales de tráfico	Aihwa	Aihwa	Ehe
Autosteer muguta	Aihwa	Aihwa	Ehe

FSD's innovation huru kana ichienzaniswa neshanduro dzakapfuura Iko kugona kwayo kutyaira yakazvimirira mumigwagwa yakajairwa, kusanganisira macurves, roundabout manejimendi, marambi emigwagwa uye zviratidzo zvekumira.

Mibairo yekuchengetedza, data, uye kukakavara

Maonero ekuchengetedza kweFSD anoenderana nemafungiro akasiyana. Varidzi vanonyanya kufarira vanozviona sekupa kuchengetedzeka kukuru mumigwagwa mikuru uye nzendo refu, asi mishumo yakazvimirira dzimwe nguva inoratidza inopokana data.

Tesla inoti masisitimu ayo akadzikisa tsaona nezvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana, sekureva kweNHTSA mishumo, asi zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinopokana nedata iri nekuzvienzanisa nemamwe ma metrics, zvichiona kuti ongororo iyi inowanzotadza kufunga zvakakosha, semhando yemugwagwa uye ruzivo rwemutyairi.

Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti chiyero chetsaona neAutopilot kana FSD inotangira kubva tsaona imwe chete pamakiromita 6 kusvika ku8 mamiriyoni, zvichienzaniswa neimwe pamiriyoni 1,2 mukutyaira kwakajairika, kunyangwe manhamba aya angave akatsveyamiswa nechimiro chevashandisi uye nharaunda umo system inoshandiswa.

Pane kunetseka kuti kushandiswa kweFSD, iyo inoda kutarisirwa kwevanhu, inogona kuunza pfungwa yenhema yekuchengeteka, kukonzera kuvhiringika uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika. Mhinduro kune kutadza kwehurongwa haisati yagara ichikurumidza, uye mamiriro akakomba anowedzera kuomesa kudzora zvakare.

Kutsoropodza kunodzokororwa uye nzvimbo dzenyanzvi

Sayenzi uye nharaunda yekuchengetedza mumigwagwa inotsoropodza Tesla kuburitsa maficha ebeta pasina kukwana kwakazvimiririra kusimbiswa, uye kushaikwa kwemaitiro akasimba ekutarisa kutarisa kwemutyairi. Masangano akati wandei akatoyera FSD uye Autopilot pazasi mamwe masisitimu maererano nekuchengetedza nekudzivirira. Izvi ndizvo zvimwe zvekushoropodza kukuru:

• Zvinorasika zvinotarisirwa: Zita nemashandiro anogona kuratidza kuzvitonga kuzere kusipo.
• Kutarisira Mutyairi: Tesla anoshandisa torque sensors mudhiraivha uye mukati makamera, asi kwete zvakaomarara sevamwe vanogadzira. Pane zviitiko apo masisitimu aya anogona kunyengedzwa.
• Kutadza kuona zvipingamupinyi uye mamiriro ekukurumidzira: Zviitiko zvakataurwa umo iyo system yakatadza kubhureki ichipindura zvipingamupinyi kana mota dzekukurumidzira, nemhedzisiro yakakomba.
• Kuita kusingafungidzirwe uye phantom braking: Matambudziko akadai semabhureki asingatarisirwi kana kutsauka kusingatarisirwe anga ari nyaya yekuferefetwa uye kurangarira.

Mumakore achangopfuura, Tesla yakagadziridza software uye yakapa ndangariro kuti ivandudze zvinhu izvi, kunyangwe nyanzvi dzichitenda kuti zvakakosha kuvandudzwa kuchiri kumirira.

Zvemutemo, mhosva uye nyaya dzekutonga

Tesla akatarisana nezvakawanda nyaya dzemutemo uye mhosva pamusoro pekushambadzira kunotsausa uye tsaona dzine chekuita neAutopilot neFSD. Mamwe matare akatonga achipokana naTesla, achida kuti mhando yacho ijekese kugona chaiko uye zvisingakwanisi masisitimu ayo, uye kuisa yambiro dzakajeka mune interface.

Vakuru, vakaita seNHTSA, vakatanga kuferefeta zviri pamutemo uye vakatokumbira kumbomiswa kwemamwe maficha mune mamwe mamodheru, pamwe nekuda kuvandudzwa mukutarisa kwevatyairi uye kubuda pachena kwedata rekuparara.

Tesla inounganidza hupfumi hwe data yekutyaira mukati mezvikepe zvayo, izvo zvinodyisa uye kudzidzisa yavo AI modhi. Nekudaro, kubuda pachena nezvekushandiswa kweiyi data uye zvakavanzika marongero zvakashoropodzwa nemasangano evatengi uye nyanzvi dzekudzivirira data.

Remangwana reFSD nemakwikwi

Kunyangwe Tesla ichitungamira muhuwandu hwemotokari dzine maficha epamberi, Makwikwi mukuchengetedzeka uye nemazvo ari kufambira mberi nekukurumidza. Makambani akaita seWaymo kana Cruise anoisa masisitimu ane LIDAR, mamepu eHD uye mamwe anodzorwa kutumirwa mumaguta chaiwo.

Ramangwana reFSD rinoenderana nezvakati wandei zvinhu:

• Kuvandudzwa kweHW5 uye kuwedzera kweRobotaxi zvikepe.
• Kudzokera kune kusiri-kupindira kuzvimiririra, nekuteedzera kwemitemo.
• Ratidza, kuburikidza nedata uye humbowo, kuti system yako yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika.
• Chinja kumitemo munyika dzakasiyana, kunyanya Europe neChina.

Zvinorehwa netsika nemagariro

Kuuya kweautonomous systems kunosimudza zvipingamupinyi zvisina kumboitika zvetsika nemutemo, zvakaita semhosva yenjodzi, kuchengetedzwa kwedata, nekuchengetedzwa kwemumugwagwa. Kutangisa maficha ebeta pasi pemamiriro ehupenyu chaihwo kunopawo gakava pamusoro pemitemo yakakodzera.

Idzi nyaya dzichapesvedzera budiriro yeramangwana, kudzora, uye kugamuchirwa munharaunda yekutyaira kwega. Tesla, mukuzvipira kwayo kune innovation, inotarisana nekudiwa kwekuenzanisa kufambira mberi nekuchengeteka, pachena uye kuzvidavirira.

Mushure mekuongorora uku, zviri pachena kuti Tesla Yakazara Self-Driving inomiririra kufambira mberi kwakakosha mune tekinoroji, asi zvakare inotarisana nematambudziko akakura mukuchengetedzeka, mutemo, uye maonero everuzhinji. Kuzvitonga kuzere kuchiri kuvakwa, uye kutarisisa, kudzora, uye hunhu kuchave kiyi yekuona kuti kubatanidzwa kwayo kwakachengeteka uye kunobatsira kune vese.