Maitiro ekugadzirisa zvakanaka WSL2 kushanda neLinux paWindows

Kana iwe ukaronga muWindows asi uchiisa paLinux maseva, ungangove wakanetseka kanopfuura kamwe nekusiyana kwenzvimbo, maraibhurari anongokundikana mukugadzira, kana Docker ichimhanya zvisizvo. WSL yakagadzirwa chaizvo kudzivirira izvo zvinotyisa, uye pamwe WSL2 Microsoft yakazorova chipikiri mumusoro: Linux yepedyo-yekuzvarwa, yakabatanidzwa muWindows uye pasina kumisa inorema virtual muchina.

Iyi yatove sarudzo yakasarudzika yezviuru zvevagadziri nekuti inokutendera iwe kuvhura iyo Ubuntu, Debian, kana Kali terminal mukati Windows 10 kana 11, mhanyisa mirairo, Docker, dhatabhesi, kana mirairo-mutsara maturusi sekunge uri paLinux server, asi usingaregere Windows yako yekushandisa nemitambo. Ngationei kuti inoshanda sei, inoiswa sei, yakasiyana sei neWSL1, uye kuti ungawana sei zvakanyanya kubva mairi mubasa rako rezuva nezuva.

Chii chinonzi WSL uye nei ichichinja hupenyu hweWindows developer?

WSL ndicho chidimbu che Sisitimu yeWindows yeLinuxIyo subsystem iyo inokutendera iwe kumhanya GNU/Linux kugovera mukati meWindows usingade yechinyakare chaiyo muchina kana maviri maviri booting. Unogona kuisa Ubuntu, Debian, Kali, openSUSE, Arch (uchishandisa appx), kana kumwe kugovera uye kushandisa maturusi avo ekunyaradza zvakananga kubva paWindows desktop yako.

Kusiyana neWSL1, WSL2 Inoshandisa Linux kernel chaiyo Inomhanya mumuchina wakareruka chaiwo unotungamirwa neWindows (Hyper-V uye iyo chaiyo muchina chikuva), nerutsigiro ruzere rweELF64 system mafoni. WSL1 yaive sisitimu yekushandura layer, inokurumidza kune mamwe mabasa asi ine zvakakomba zvipimo mukuenderana, kunyanya nemidziyo yakaita seDocker.

Kune vanogadzira webhu, vanogadzira backend, DevOps kana nyanzvi dzedata, izvi zvinoreva kuti unogona kushanda munzvimbo yakada kufanana nenzvimbo yekugadzira (iyo kazhinji iri Linux), uchishandisa maraibhurari mamwe chete, maneja edhatabhesi, mitsetse, maseva ekutumira mameseji, nezvimwewo, pasina kusiya Windows. Iyo yekirasi "inoshanda pamushini wangu" chinhu chekare nekuti iwe unovandudza paWindows uye unoisa pane akasiyana zvachose kugovera Linux.

WSL2 haisi yakazara-yakazara Linux graphical desktop Zvakafanana neGNOME kana KDE VM, iyo yekutanga interface ndiyo terminal. Nekudaro, mazuva ano iwe unogona zvakare kumhanya Linux GUI maapplication pamusoro peWSL2, uye kunyange kutora mukana weGPU kukwidziridzwa kwemabasa senge muchina kudzidza kana magiraidhi epamberi. Kana iwe uchida kuwana maapplication uri kure, unogona kugadzirisa Chrome Remote Desktop paWindows.

Windows vs Linux: iyo yekare budiriro nharaunda dambudziko

Windows inoramba iri yakanyanya kuiswa sisitimu yekushandisa pamakomputa edesktopNepo mazhinji ekugadzira application deployment achiitwa paLinux, hunyambiri uhwu hwagara huchigadzira kupokana kune vanogadzira vanoshanda muWindows asi vanochengeta kana kuendesa zvikumbiro paLinux maseva.

vashandisi ve macOS vagara vachiona kushomeka kushoma Nekuti macOS inogovera Unix-yakafanana nheyo, uye akawanda maturusi anoita zvakafanana kuLinux. Ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvakaita kuti vagadzirisi vakawanda vatamire kuMac makore apfuura: vaitsvaga yakanaka terminal uye nharaunda dziri padyo nekugadzirwa.

Chinjo huru yakauya nayo DockerMakoni akave akakosha pakusimudzira uye kutumirwa, asi paWindows, kuita uye ruzivo rwemushandisi zvaive zvisina kusimba, zviine zvisingaite zvinoenderana. WSL2 inogadzirisa akawanda ematambudziko aya, ichipa nharaunda iyo Docker inoshanda zvirinani.

WSL1 vs WSL2: misiyano uye nei uchifanira kushandisa shanduro 2

WSL iripo mumhando mbiri huru: WSL1 uye WSL2Kunyangwe ese ari maviri achikubvumidza kuti umhanye Linux paWindows, dhizaini yachinja zvakanyanya kubva kune imwe kuenda kune imwe, uye izvo zvinoonekwa mukuita uye kuenderana.

• WSL1 inoshandura Linux system mafoni kuWindows kernel. Izvi zvinokonzeresa nekukurumidza bhutsu nguva uye yakanaka faira kubatanidzwa, asi ine kushoma kuenderana nemamwe maapplication, kunyanya ayo anoda chaiyo Linux kernel, senge dzimwe injini dze database kana Docker inomhanya yakazara.
• WSL2 inoshandisa lightweight virtual muchina ine yakazara Linux kernel.Inotungamirirwa neWindows. Inopa kuenderana kwakazara nehurongwa hwekufona, yakagadziridzwa faira system mashandiro (kunyanya paLinux faira system pachayo), uye inogonesa maficha epamberi akadai seyekuzvarwa Docker paWSL2 uye yakananga kernel kuwana.
• Ose mavhezheni anogovera zvimwe zvinhuZvayakanakira zvinosanganisira kusanganisa neWindows, inokurumidza bhutsu nguva, kuenderana ne virtualization maturusi seVMWare kana VirtualBox (mune ichangoburwa shanduro), uye rutsigiro rwekugovera kwakawanda. Nekudaro, chete WSL2 inoratidzira yakazara Linux kernel uye yakazara system yekufona rutsigiro.

Zvese zviri pamusoro, Iyo inokurudzirwa sarudzo nhasi ndeye kushandisa WSL2Kunze kwekunge uine chikonzero chaicho chekugara neWSL1. Docker Desktop, semuenzaniso, yakagadzirirwa kubatanidza neWSL2, uye akawanda emazuvano madhairekitori uye maturusi anototora iyi vhezheni seyakajairwa.

Zvinodikanwa zvekuisa WSL2 pa Windows 10 uye Windows 11

Kuti ushandise WSL2 unoda ichangoburwa vhezheni yeWindows. Kazhinji, unofanira kusangana nemamiriro aya:

• Windows 10 vhezheni 2004 kana gare gare (vaka 19041+) kushandisa murairo wakareruka wsl --install.
• YeWSL2 chaizvo, Windows 10 shanduro 1903, kuvaka 18362 kana kupfuurakana Windows 11.
• Magadzirirwo e64-bitWSL2 haisi kuwanikwa pa32-bit Windows 10.

Kunze kweizvozvo, Iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti virtualization inogoneswa muBIOS wechikwata chako. Kana zvisiri, unogona kusangana nezvikanganiso senge 0x80370102Aya mameseji anowanzo ratidza kuti hardware virtualization haisi kushanda. Pinda iyo BIOS/UEFI, tsvaga sarudzo dzine chekuita neCPU kana "Virtualization Technology," uye igonese.

Isa WSL2 kubva kutanga uchishandisa rairo wsl -install

Mushanduro dzemazuva ano dze Windows 10 uye Windows 11, kuisirwa kwakarerutswa: zvinongoda murairo mumwe chete uye kutangazve.

1. Vhura PowerShell semutungamiriTsvaga "PowerShell" muKutanga menyu, tinya-kurudyi, uye sarudza "Mhanya semaneja." Gamuchira iyo Mushandisi Akaundi Kudzora (UAC) nekukurumidza kana ikabuda.

2. Mhanya iyo yakakwana yekuisa murairo:

Murairo: wsl --install

Uyu murairo unobata akati wandei nhanho dzemukati pasina iwe wekubata chero chimwe chinhu:

• Activate zvinodikanwa zvingasarudzwa zvikamu: Sisitimu yeWindows yeLinux y Puratifomu yemuchina chaiwo.
• Dhawunirodha uye isa iyo yazvino Linux kernel zveWSL.
• Gadzirisa WSL2 seyakagadzika vhezheni.
• Dhawunirodha uye isa yakasarudzika Linux kugovera (kazhinji Ubuntu).

3. Tangazve komputa yako kana Windows ichikurudzira kuti udaro.Izvi zvakakosha kuti zvinyowani zvinogoneswa zvishande.

4. Pabhutsu yekutanga yekugovera Linux (Ubuntu, kunze kwekunge wataura neimwe nzira), hwindo rekoni rinovhura panotorwa mafaera. Nguva yekutanga inotora zvishoma; kutanga kunotevera kazhinji kacho kanenge kepakarepo.

Kusarudza uye kushandura kugoverwa kweLinux muWSL

• By default, murayiro wsl --install kazhinji inoisa Ubuntu sekugovera kwakare. Nekudaro, iwe unogona kusarudza kugovera kwakasiyana panguva uye mushure mekuiswa.
• Kuti uone rondedzero yekugovera inowanikwa onlineVhura PowerShell uye nyora:
• Chinyorwa: wsl.exe --list --online
• Kuisa chaiyo kugovera kubva kune console, shandisa sarudzo -d zvichiratidza zita rako:
• Isa distro: wsl.exe --install -d NombreDeLaDistro
• Kana iwe uchida kushandura iyo default distro (iyo inovhura paunongomhanya wsl), unogona kuita:
• Default: wsl.exe --set-default NombreDeLaDistro
• Uye kana iwe uchingoda kuvhura chaiyo kugovera pane imwechete-off hwaro Pasina kuchinja default, shandisa:
• Kutanga nenguva: wsl.exe --distribution NombreDeLaDistro

Pamusoro pekugoverwa kweMicrosoft Store, Zvinogoneka kuunza kugovera kwetsika kubva kuTAR faira kana kuisa mapakeji .appx mune dzimwe nguvazvakadai seArch Linux. Iwe unogona kutogadzira yako wega mifananidzo yeWSL yekumisa nharaunda mukati mekambani.

Gadzira yako Linux username uye password muWSL

Kekutanga nguva yaunovhura yako Linux kugovera yakaiswa neWSLIwe unozokurudzirwa kugadzira UNIX username nepassword. Akaundi iyi ndiyo ichave mushandisi wekugovera ikoko.

Ramba uchifunga akati wandei akakosha nezve mushandisi uyu:

• Izvo hazvina kubatanidzwa kune yako Windows mushandisi account.; unogona (uye zvinokurudzirwa) kuita kuti zita rive rakasiyana.
• Paunonyora password, hapana chinozoratidzwa pachiratidziri. (Hapana asterisks). Izvi zvinozivikanwa se "bofu" kuisa, izvo zvakajairika muLinux.
• Mushandisi uyu anoonekwa semutongi pane iyo distro uye anogona kushandisa sudo kuita mirairo neropafadzo dzakakwirira.
• Kugovera kwega kwega kune seti yayo yevashandisi uye mapassword; kana iwe ukawedzera distro nyowani uchafanirwa kudzokorora maitiro ekugadzira account.

Kana uchida chinja password Tevere, vhura kugovera uye mhanya: Chinja password: passwd

Kana iwe wakanganwa password yemushandisi ye distro Asi kana uchine manejimendi kuwana muWindows, unogona kudzora seizvi:

1. Vhura Command Prompt kana PowerShell semutungamiri uye pinda semudzi pane default distro:
   wsl -u root
   Kune chaiyo distro:
   wsl -d NombreDistro -u root
2. Mukati meiyo root terminal, mhanya:
   passwd nombre_usuario uye isa password itsva.
3. Buda kunze kweWSL ne exit uye pinda zvakare mukati zvakajairwa neyakadzoserwa mushandisi account.

Nzira dzekutanga uye kushandisa yako Linux kugovera paWindows

Paunenge uine akati wandei distros akaiswaIwe unogona kuzvivhura nenzira dzakasiyana, zvichienderana nezvinokunakira iwe chero nguva ipi zvayo.

• Windows Terminal (inokurudzirwa). Windows Terminal ndiyo yeMicrosoft yazvino terminal emulator. Pese paunoisa kugovera kweLinux kuWSL, chimiro chitsva chinoonekwa muWindows Terminal, yaunogona kugadzirisa (icon, color scheme, yekutanga command, nezvimwewo). Ndiyo yakanyanya nyore nzira yekushanda nemaraini akawanda emirairo panguva imwe chete.
• Kubva paKutanga menyu. Unogona kunyora zita rekugovera ("Ubuntu", "Debian", "Kali Linux"...). Kuidzvanya kuchaivhura yakananga muhwindo rayo rekonsoni.
• Kubva kuPowerShell kana CMD. Iwe unogona kunyora zvakananga zita reiyo distro (semuenzaniso, ubuntu) kana kushandisa generic command:
  wsl kupinda iyo default distro, kana
  wsl -d NombreDistro kuisa imwe chaiyo.
• Ita yakananga Linux command kubva kuWindows. Shandisa syntax:
  wsl
  Semuyenzaniso: wsl ls -la, wsl pwd, wsl dateetc. Nenzira iyi unosanganisa Windows neLinux mirairo mune imwe pombi.

Windows Terminal: shamwari yakakwana yeWSL2

Kuti uwane zvakanyanya kubva paWSL2, zvakakodzera kuisa Chiteshi cheWindows kubva kuMicrosoft Store. Iyo yakanyanya nyore uye ine simba kupfuura yekare Command Prompt kana kunyange iyo default PowerShell hwindo.

Windows Terminal inobvumira gadzira mafaera ega yega distroTsanangura kuti ndeipi terminal inovhura nekusarudzika (PowerShell, CMD, Ubuntu, nezvimwewo), shandisa ma tabo, kupatsanura mapaneru, akasiyana mavara matema, mafonti etsika, mifananidzo yekumashure, uye mapfupi epamusoro keyboard.

Kune vakawanda vanogadzira paWindowsWindows Terminal + WSL2 ndiyo musanganiswa unouya padhuze nechiitiko chekushanda cheiyo Linux system kana macOS ine advanced terminal, pasina kusiya yako yakajairika Windows nharaunda.

Kumisikidza nharaunda yako yekusimudzira: VS Code, Visual Studio, Git, uye dhatabhesi

Kamwe WSL2 yasimuka uye ichimhanya, inotevera nhanho ine musoro ndeye batanidza yako yaunofarira mupepeti kana IDE nemhoteredzo iyoyo. Microsoft yakaisa simba rakawanda mukugadzira Visual Studio Code uye Visual Studio kushanda zvakakwana neWSL.

Kodhi yeVS

Zvakanaka, iwe unofanirwa kuisa iyo Remote Development PackIyi yekuwedzera inobvumidza iwe kuvhura folda iri muWSL sekunge iri purojekiti yemunharaunda, asi uchimhanyisa VS Code server mukati mekugovera. Ingonyora:

code .

Kubva paWSL terminal, mune yako purojekiti dhairekitori, VS Code ichavhura iyo "kure" nzira ine ecosystem yayo yese: mawedzero, debugging, yakasanganiswa terminal, nezvimwe, asi ichishanda ichipesana neLinux.

Studio Yekuona

Iyo inokutendera iwe kugadzirisa WSL sechinangwa cheC ++ mapurojekiti uchishandisa CMake. Iwe unogona kuunganidza uye kugadzirisa paWindows, WSL, kana michina iri kure, uchichinja chinangwa kubva mukati meIDE pachayo.

Nezve vhezheni kutonga, kushandisa Git mukati meWSL iri nyore sekuiisa neyako distro's package maneja (semuenzaniso, sudo apt install git (paUbuntu) uye gadzirisa magwaro, mafaira ekusabatanidzwa, magumo emutsara, nezvimwewo Unogonawo kushandisa Windows Credential Manager kubatanidza huchokwadi.

Kugadzirisa dhatabhesi muWSL (MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis, SQL Server, SQLite, etc.) yakafanana chaizvo nekuzviita pane chero Linux server. Unogona kutanga masevhisi mukati me distro kana kushandisa Docker midziyo paWSL2, wobva wabatanidza maapplication ako kubva kuWindows kana kubva kuWSL pachayo, zvichienderana nezvaunoda.

Kugadzirisa ekunze madhiraivha, GUI, uye mabhapu ekugovera

WSL2 inobvumirawo kwidza kunze disks kana USB madhiraivha zvakananga munzvimbo yeLinux. Mapepa chaiwo aripo ekukwirisa madhisiki ane rairo wsl --mountIzvi zvinokupa iwe kuchinjika kwakawanda paunenge uchishanda nedata raunaro mune mamwe mayuniti.

Kana uchida mhanyisa Linux graphical application (GUI) mukati meWSL2 yave kuitika nekuda kwerutsigiro rweMicrosoft kune GUI application. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uvhure graphical edhita, dhizaini maturusi, kana akareruka desktop nharaunda usingade kubhuya yechinyakare chaiyo muchina.

Kuita backups kana kufambisa distro yakazara kune imwe komputaWSL inosanganisira mirairo miviri inobatsira zvikuru:

• Export a distro:
  wsl --export NombreDistro backup-wsl.tar
  Izvi zvinogadzira TAR faira neayo ese faira system.
• Isai distro:
  wsl --import NombreDistro C:\ruta\destino backup-wsl.tar --version 2
  Izvi zvinodzoreredza iyo distro nezvose zvirimo kune imwe nzira uye, kana uchida, chengetedza kuti inoshandisa WSL2.

Iyi dhizaini yekuunza kunze / yekunze yakanakira kusimudzira nharaunda, kugovana navo nevaunoshanda navo, kana kungo chengetedza kuchengetedza usati waita shanduko huru.

WSL2 yakazvimisikidza seyakanyanya budiriro nharaunda Kune vazhinji vashandisi veWindows vasingade kurega kutamba, vachishandisa chaiyo software, kana mafambiro ebasa pane ino system, asi vanoda yechokwadi Linux nharaunda yehurongwa, kupa WSL2 kuyedza kunogona kuve mutambo-wekuchinja mabatiro aunoita.

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Daniel Terrasa

Mharidzo inyanzvi mune tekinoroji uye internet nyaya ine anopfuura makore gumi echiitiko mune akasiyana dhijitari media. Ndakashanda semupepeti uye mugadziri wezvemukati we e-commerce, kutaurirana, online kushambadzira uye kushambadzira makambani. Ndanyorawo pane zvehupfumi, mari uye mamwe masekete mawebhusaiti. Basa rangu ndirowo shungu dzangu. Zvino, kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zvangu mu Tecnobits, Ndinoedza kuongorora nhau dzose nemikana mitsva iyo nyika yetekinoroji inotipa zuva rega rega kuvandudza hupenyu hwedu.