Hagaha iibka korontada: wattage dhabta ah, hufnaanta, iyo ilaalinta lama huraanka ah

Awoodda kombuyuutarku waa qaybtaas, in kasta oo aysan samayn cinwaannada, haddana waxay taageertaa wax kasta oo kale. Doorashada midda saxda ah ayaa isbedelaysa inta u dhaxaysa koox xasiloon oo wax qabadkeeda sida ugu fiican u qabata iyo mid barafaya, luminaya waxqabadka, ama, xaalada ugu xun, ay soo gaadho dhaawac halis ah oo ka yimaada koronto ama koror.

Qaybta khiyaanada leh ayaa ah in doorsoomayaal badan ay ciyaaraan: awood, 12V amperage, hufnaan, isku xidhayaasha, heerka ATX 3.x, tayada gudaha, iyo ilaalinta. Tilmaamahan wax ku ool ah oo dhammaystiran Waxaad ogaan doontaa sida loo go'aamiyo wattage-ga dhabta ah ee aad u baahan tahay, kuwaas oo shahaadooyinka runtii muhiim ah, fiilooyinka la filayo 2025, iyo khariidad koronto oo lagu taliyay GPU kasta (AMD, NVIDIA, iyo Intel) si loo hubiyo inaadan hoos u dhicin. Aan bilowno. hagaha iibka ee saadka korontada.

Sida korontada casriga ah ee ATX u shaqeyso

PSU waxay beddeshaa hadda beddelka ah ee ka soo baxa gidaarka ilaa dhowr xariiq oo toos ah oo hadda jira (12V, 5V iyo 3,3V) oo leh koronto deggan iyo buuq koronto oo hooseeya. Socdaalkaas tamarta Ma aha wax fudud: waxay dhalisaa kuleyl waxayna u baahan tahay marxalado beddelaad oo si wanaagsan loo qaabeeyey si looga jawaabo meelaha ugu sarreeya iyo kala duwanaanshaha culeyska degdegga ah.

• Recepción laga bilaabo awoodda AC ee shabagga.
• Isbeddel ee tamarta gelinta ilaa xadka ka dibna la hagaajin doono/habayn doono.
• Rectificación (mawjadaha kala bar/mawjada buuxda/buundo) si looga beddelo hadda beddelka ah una beddelo hadda toos ah.
• La sifeeyay si loo jilciyo duuduubka ka dib toosinta.
• Regulación ganaax ku ilaalinaya danabyada ku jira dulqaadka culeyska firfircoon.
• Bixinta tareen kasta iyo xiriiriyaha si waafaqsan baahida nidaamka.

Culayska dhabta ahi wuu kala duwan yahay mar walba: GPU leh 200W TGP ayaa laga yaabaa inuu ku jiro 50W desktopWaxay xamili kartaa koronto joogta ah ilaa 200W inta lagu guda jiro ciyaarta ciyaarta waxayna la kulmeysaa xajmiyo kooban oo ka sarreeya tiradaas. Waa muhiim in sahayda korontadu ay u adkeysan karto kuwan ku-meel-gaarka ah iyada oo aan xasilloonayn ama hoos u dhicin.

Waxtarka iyo shahaadooyinka: 80 Plus iyo Cybenetics

Sida ugu waxtarka badan ee PSU, tamarta yar ayaa loo lumiyaa kulayl ahaan si loo bixiyo isla awood faa'iido leh. Calaamadda 80 Plus Waa halbeegga caanka ah ee lagu cabbiro waxtarka meelaha culeyska ee kala duwan, waxayna caadi ahaan la xiriirtaa tayada wanaagsan.

• 80 Plus Cadaan: ~ 85% hufnaan (xaalad wanaagsan oo ku dhow 50% culeyska).
• 80 Plus Bronze: ~ 88%.
• 80 Plus Silver: ~ 90%.
• 80 Plus Gold: ~ 92%.
• Xulka 80 Plus Platinum: ~ 94%.
• 80 lagu daray Titanium: ~ 96%.

Fiiro gaar ah: hufnaan isbeddelka la rarkaCutubyo badan ayaa leh waxtarka ugu sarreeya inta u dhaxaysa 40-60% ee awooddooda la qiimeeyay, iyo in ka hooseeya 10% waxay si weyn hoos ugu dhici kartaa. Taasi waa sababta cabbirka saxda ah uu aad muhiim ugu yahay.

Marka lagu daro 80 Plus, waxaa jira CybeneticsWaxay qiimaynaysaa waxtarka (ETA) iyo qaylada (LAMBDA) meelo badan oo culays ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo hab casri ah. Waxay ku siinaysaa sawir sax ah oo dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan waxqabadka adduunka dhabta ah iyo muuqaalka codka, faa'iido leh haddii aad raadineyso aamusnaan la'aan la yaab leh.

ATX 3.0 iyo ATX 3.1: PCIe 5.0, 12VHPWR iyo 12V-2×6

Jiilkii ugu dambeeyay ee GPU-yada waxay keeneen koronto la rabo iyo xiriiriye cusub. ATX 3.0/3.1 Waxay soo bandhigaysaa shuruudaha maaraynta ku-meel-gaadhka ah iyo isku xidhaha 16-pin 12VHPWR.

Heerka 12V-2×6 (horumarka 12VHPWR) wuxuu hagaajiyaa amniga Adigoo soo gaabinaya biinanka ogaanshaha iyo dhererka biinanka dhulka/koronta, waxaad hubisaa in xiriiriyaha si sax ah loo geliyo ka hor inta aan loo oggolaan culeysyo sare. Tani waa waxa ay tahay inaad ka raadiso sahay koronto oo tayo leh iyo fiilooyinka loogu talagalay kaararka PCIe 5.0/5.1.

Waa la diiwaan galiyay shilalka kulaylka badan Markii hore, dhibaatooyinka 12VHPWR waxaa badanaa sabab u ah gelinta aan habboonayn ama foorarsi gardarro ah. Dhaqanka lagu taliyay waa in lagu xidho fiilada kaliya ka dib marka la maqlo/ dareemo gujin, ka fogow qaloocinta fiilada isla markaaba ka dib xidhidhka, oo isticmaal fiilooyinka asalka ah ee PSU mar kasta oo ay suurtagal tahay.

Xadhkaha iyo xirayaasha waa inaad dalbataa

PSU ku habboon maaha oo kaliya awood: waa inay keentaa Xidhiidhiyayaasha saxda ah oo ku filan iyada oo aan la isticmaalin xal ku meel gaadh ah.

• ATX 24 biinanka Motherboard-ka.
• EPS/CPU 8 biin (badanaa 4+4); qaar ka mid ah loox-dhamaadka sare waxay u baahan yihiin 8+8.
• PCIe 6/8 pin (6+2) ee GPU: 6 biin ilaa ~75 W, 8 biin ilaa ~150 W.
• 12V-2×6 (16 pin) GPU-yada casriga ah: ilaa 600W (waxaa jira fiilooyinka ku xaddidan 300/450W ee sahayda tamarta hoose).
• SATA iyo Molex kaydinta iyo meelaha ku xeeran.

AMD, ayaa Kaararka Radeon ee hadda jira waxay caadi ahaan isticmaalaan 8 biin. Heerka; Kaararka taxanaha ah ee NVIDIA RTX 30/40/50 oo leh isku xirayaasha 16-pin waxaa ku jira adapters, laakiin ATX 3.x asal ah oo leh 12V-2x6 ayaa la door bidaa. Inta badan ee xirmada fiilada ayaa dhameystiran, waa ay fiicnaan doontaa iswaafajinta mustaqbalka iyo madax-xanuun yar oo kugu dhici doona.

Modular, semi-modular ama non-modular; iyo qaab-dhismeedka

Modularity ma beddelo waxqabadka, laakiin waxa ay beddeshaa waayo-aragnimada kulanka iyo socodka hawada. Isha habaysan Waxay kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad isticmaasho kaliya waxaad u baahan tahay, adigoo ka tagaya gudaha gudaha.

The semi-modular Waxay ka tagaan fiilooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah (24-pin iyo CPU) si joogto ah ugu xiran, inta soo hartayna waa ku xiran yihiin. aan modular ahayn Way ka jaban yihiin, laakiin waxay adkeeyaan maaraynta fiilooyinka iyo bilicda. Tixgeli kharashka yar ee dheeraadka ah ee nidaamka modular: badanaa waa u qalantaa.

Marka la eego cabbirka, xeerarka ATX. munaaradaha caadiga ahQalabka is haysta, raadi SFX ama SFX-LHubi dhererka sahayda korantada (tusaale, 140-180 mm gudaha ATX) iyo nadiifinta GPU-yada, hiitarka, iyo baysyada.

Sida loo cabbiro awoodda: hab wax ku ool ah

Hadafka ayaa ah in isha korontadu ay si habsami leh u shaqeyso oo leh meel loogu talagalay meelaha ugu sarreeya. Xeer wax ku ool ahWadarta CPU (ugu sarreysa), GPU (ugu sarreysa), ku dar 80-150 W inta soo hartay (motherboard/RAM/SSD/fans), oo dalbo 15-30% dheeraad ah oo ku-meel-gaar ah iyo casriyeynta mustaqbalka.

PSU-yadu waxay qabtaan sida ugu wanaagsan ee ka sarreeya 50-70%. Haddii qalabkaagu leeyahay awoodda ugu sarreysa ee qiyaastii 600WDahab 850W ah waa doorasho macquul ah: waxay u adkaysataa meelaha ugu sarreeya, waxay wanaajisaa waxtarka, waxayna yareysaa buuqa.

Kiisaska dhabta ah ayaa taas muujinaya caarada ku meel gaadhka ah ayaa dumin karta Koronto 650W ah oo leh dhexdhexaad-ilaa-sare GPU, marka taladu ay tahay 750-850W, waxay keenaysaa xidhidooyin aan toos ahayn. Kordhinta awoodda sahayda korontada iyo qolka madaxa ayaa meesha ka saaraysa xidhitaanka waxayna yaraynaysaa kulaylka khasaaray.

Ilaalinta korontada ee muhiimka ah

PSU-yada wanaagsani waxay isku daraan gaashaanka elektaroonigga ah ee badbaadada kaas oo badbaadin kara PC-gaaga. Waxay dalbanaysaa ugu yaraan:

• OCP (In ka badan hadda): xadka hadda tareen kasta si looga hortago burbur.
• OVP (ka badan korantada): gooyaa haddii danabku ka sareeyo heerarka nabdoon.
• UVP (hoosta korantada): waxay ka hortagtaa xasillooni darro ka timaada dhicis khatar ah.
• SCP (wareeg gaaban): falcelinta degdega ah ee wareegyada gaaban.
• OTP (Heerkulka ka sarreeya): wuu dami haddii heerkulku aad u sareeyo.
• OPP (Awood ka badan): goysa haddii awoodda magac-u-yaalka ah si weyn loo dhaafo.

ATX 3.1 waxay adkeynaysaa shuruudaha ku-meel-gaadhka ah iyo jawaabta. Ka digtoonow ilo raqiis ah Waxay sheeganayaan "ilaalin buuxda" iyaga oo aan la siin kontaroolayaasha dhabta ah: mararka qaarkood waxaa jira oo kaliya fiyuus aasaasi ah. Yurub dhexdeeda, xeerarka ErP/CE waxay dejiyaan shuruudaha ugu yar ee hufnaanta/awoodda, laakiin tani ma beddelayso xaqiijinta tayada dhamaystiran.

Tayada gudaha, aamusnaanta iyo dammaanadda

Faahfaahintu waa muhiim: Capacitors Japanese Heerkulka hawlgalka 105°C, MOSFET-yada tayada sare leh iyo transformers-ka, PCB adag, iyo topology wanaagsan ayaa hubiya isku halaynta muddada dheer. Waxay bixiyaan xasillooni iyo cimri nololeed oo soo hagaagtay marka loo eego cutubyo ka jaban.

Sawaxanka, raadi 120-140 mm taageerayaasha FDBHababka isku-dhafka ah (mareegaha ayaa ka maqan rar hoose) iyo qaloocyo si fiican loo hagaajiyay. Dahab/ Platinum cabbirkiisu wanaagsan yahay wuxuu ahaan doonaa mid qabow oo xasilloon inta badan.

La damaanad Waa tilmaame la isku halayn karo: 7-12 sano ee dhexda ilaa sare waxay ku badan tahay soosaarayaasha sumcadda leh.

Noocyada iyo OEM-yada si aad ugu sii wadato radarkaaga

Suuqa dhexdiisa waxaa jira calaamado "calaamadaha" iyo kuwa wax soo saara (OEM). Ka mid ah OEM-yada sumcadda leh Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah Seasonic, Delta, Enermax, CWT, FSP, iyo Awood Sare. Ka mid ah noocyada macaamiisha ee leh rikoor wanaagsan waa Corsair, aamuso!, EVGA, Seasonic, MSI, iyo Qaboojiyaha Master, iyo kuwo kale.

Ka fogow gorgortanka asalka shakiga leh, baakad liidata, macluumaadka farsamada yar, ama qeexitaannada aan waafaqsanayn ee u dhexeeya watts iyo amps. Far aad u khafiif ah Mararka qaarkood waxay muujisaa kaydka ku jira Transformers/inductors iyo shaandhaynta.

Talada awoodda GPU (Tixraac degdeg ah)

Qiimaha tilmaanta ugu yar ee qaabeynta caadiga ah (Haddii aad isticmaasho CPU-yada quwadda u baahan, hal tallaabo u kac.) Ku dar nooca iyo tirada xirayaasha.

AMD Radeon (GCN)

• Radeon VII: 750 W (2×8 biinanka)
• RX Vega 64: 750 W (2×8)
• RX Vega 56: 600 W (2×8)
• R9 Cadho X: 600 W (2×8)
• R9 Cadho: 600 W (2×8)
• R9 nano: 550 W (1×8)
• R9 390X: 550 W (1×6 + 1×8)
• R9 390: 550 W (1×6 + 1×8)
• RX 590: 500 W (1×8)
• RX 580: 500 W (1×8)
• RX 570: 450 W (1×6)
• RX 480: 500 W (1×8)
• RX 470: 450 W (1×6)
• RX 560: 350 W (1×6)
• RX 550: 300 W
• RX 460: 350 W
• R9 380: 500 W (2×6)
• R9 370: 450 W (1×6)
• R9 285: 500 W (2×6)
• R9 280X: 550 W (1×6 + 1×8)
• R9 280: 500 W (1×6 + 1×8)
• R9 270X: 500 W (2×6)
• R7 260X: 450 W (1×6)
• HD 7790: 400 W (1×6)
• HD 7770: 350 W (1×6)
• HD 7750: 300 W

AMD Radeon (RDNA)

• RX 5700 XT: 600 W (1×6 + 1×8)
• RX 5700: 550 W (1×6 + 1×8)
• RX 5600 XT: 500 W (1×8)
• RX 5500 XT: 450 W (1×8)

AMD Radeon (RDNA 2)

• RX 6950 XT: 800 W (2×8)
• RX 6900 XT: 750 W (2×8)
• RX 6800 XT: 750 W (2×8)
• RX 6800: 600 W (2×8)
• RX 6750 XT: 600 W (1×6 + 1×8)
• RX 6700 XT: 550 W (1×6 + 1×8)
• RX 6700: 500 W (1×8)
• RX 6650 XT: 500 W (1×8)
• RX 6600 XT: 500 W (1×8)
• RX 6600: 450 W (1×8)
• RX 6500 XT: 350 W (1×6)
• RX 6400: 300 W
• RX 6300: 200 W

AMD Radeon (RDNA 3/4)

• RX 7900 XTX: 800 W (2×8)
• RX 7900 XT: 750 W (2×8)
• RX 7900 GRE: 650 W (2×8)
• RX 7800 XT: 600 W (2×8)
• RX 7700 XT: 550 W (2×8)
• RX 7600 XT: 500 W (1×6 + 1×8)
• RX 7600: 450 W (1×8)
• RX 9070 XT: 750 W (2×8; moodooyinka qaarkood 3×8)
• RX 9070: 650 W (2×8)
• RX 9070 GRE: 600 W (2×8)
• RX 9060 XT: 500 W (1×8)
• RX 9060: 450 W (1×8)

NVIDIA GeForce (Maxwell/Pascal)

• GTX TITAN X: 600 W (1×6 + 1×8)
• GTX 980 Ti: 600 W (1×6 + 1×8)
• GTX 980: 500 W (2×6)
• GTX 970: 500 W (2×6)
• GTX 960: 400 W (1×6)
• GTX 950: 350 W (1×6)
• GTX 750 Ti: 350 W
• GTX 750: 300 W
• GT 740: 250 W
• GT 730: 200 W
• GTX 1080 Ti: 600 W (1×8 + 1×6)
• GTX 1080: 500 W (1×8)
• GTX 1070 Ti: 500 W (1×8)
• GTX 1070: 500 W (1×8)
• GTX 1060: 400 W (1×6)
• GTX 1050 Ti: 350 W (1×6)
• GTX 1050: 300 W
• GT 1030: 250 W

NVIDIA GeForce (Turing/Ampere/Ada/Blackwell)

• RTX 2080 Ti: 650 W (2×8)
• RTX 2080 (S): 600 W (1×8 + 1×6)
• RTX 2070 (S): 550 W (1×8 ama 1×8 + 1×6)
• RTX 2060 (S): 500-550 W (1×8)
• GTX 1660 (Ti/S): 450 W (1×8)
• GTX 1650 (S): 300-350 W (qaar 1×6)
• RTX 3090 Ti: 850 W
• RTX 3090/3080 Ti: 750 W (2×8 → 16 biin)
• RTX 3080: 700 W (2×8 → 16 biin)
• RTX 3070 Ti: 650 W (2×8 → 16 biin)
• RTX 3070: 600 W (1×8 → 16 biin)
• RTX 3060 Ti: 550 W (1×8 → 16 biin)
• RTX 3060: 500 W (1×8)
• RTX 3050: 400 W (1×8) | 6 GB: 300 W
• RTX 4090: 850 W (16 pin ama 4×8 → 16 pin)
• RTX 4080 (S): 700 W (16 pin ama 3×8 → 16 pin)
• RTX 4070 Ti(S): 600 W (16 pin ama 2×8 → 16 pin)
• RTX 4070 (S): 550 W (16 pin ama 2×8 → 16 pin)
• RTX 4060 Ti: 450 W (1×8)
• RTX 4060: 350 W (1×8)
• RTX 5050: 400 W (1×8)
• RTX 5060: 450 W (1×8)
• RTX 5060 Ti: 500 W (1×8)
• RTX 5070: 650 W (1×16 pin 300 W ama 2×8 → 16 pin)
• RTX 5070 Ti: 750 W (1×16 pin 300 W ama 2×8 → 16 pin)
• RTX 5080: 850 W (1×16 pin 450 W ama 3×8 → 16 pin)
• RTX 5090: 1000 W (1×16 pin 600 W ama 4×8 → 16 pin)

Intel Arc (Xe Alchemist/Xe2 Battlemage)

• Qaansada A770: 600 W (1×6 + 1×8)
• Qaansada A750: 550 W (1×6 + 1×8)
• Qaansada A580: 450 W (2×8)
• Qaansada A380: 300 W (1×8)
• Qaansada A310: 200 W
• Arc B580: 500 W (1×8)
• Arc B570: 450 W (1×8)

Noocyada PSU ee lagu taliyay (hagid kaliya)

Qaar ka mid ah tusaalooyin adag oo kala duwan, oo leh qiimo wanaagsan lacagQiimayaashu way isbedelaan, u qaado tixraac ahaan.

• Miisaaniyad-saaxiibtinimo ee xadka-dhamaadka hooseQaboojiyaha Master 650W 80 Plus Bronze; MSI MAG A650BN 80 Plus Bronze. Ku habboon illaa ~ RTX 5070 / RX 9070 ee nidaamyada suubban.
• Miisaaniyadda dhexdhexaadka ah: Corsair RM750e 80 Plus Gold (oo leh 12V-2 × 6); Xiliga G12 GC-750 Dahab
• Gama media: GIGABYTE Aorus P850W Dahab; ASUS TUF Gaming 1000 W Dahab (sifayn loogu talagalay GPU-yada sare).
• Gama altaGIGABYTE GP-AP1200PM 1200 W Platinum; Corsair HX1500i 1500 W Platinum (wadarta nabadda maskaxda ee xaaladaha ba'an).

Marka la eego summadaha, sidoo kale waa sharad ammaan ah. Xiliga PRIME TX/HXaamusa! Awood toosan/Awood saafi ah iyo EVGA SuperNOVA ee kala duwanaanshahooda Dahab/Platinum/Titanium.

Ku rakibida iyo dayactirka

Dhig PSU taageeraha halka kiisku ku siinaayo (badanaa hoos ula shaandheeya) si loogu sawiro hawo cusub. Si fiican u maamul fiilooyinka si looga fogaado xannibaadda socodka oo isticmaal afarta boolal ee barroosinka ah.

3-6 biloodba mar, nadiifi weelasha oo ku shaandhee hawo cufan. Iska ilaali boodhka, qoyaanka iyo kulaylkaTixgeli inaad isticmaashid xadhig koronto leh oo ilaalinaya qulqulka haddii shabakadaadu aanay degganayn.

Inta lagu jiro joogsiga dheer, isticmaal daaran gadaal ama ka saar darbiga: algunas PSUs heegan ayay ku jiraan xataa iyadoo PC-gu dansan yahay. Iska ilaali inaad si xad dhaaf ah u leexiso fiilada 12V-2x6 ee soosaarka xiriiriyaha.

Dhammaan inta kor ku xusan, waxaad hadda haysataa khariidad cad: Si taxadar leh u xisaabi wattage, adigoo u oggolaanaya wattage ugu sarreeya.Horay u siiya Motherboard-ka Dahabka ah ama ka sareeya oo leh ATX 3.0/3.1 standard iyo 12V-2x6 xiriiriye, hubi inuu leeyahay xiriiriyeyaasha aad isticmaali doonto maanta iyo berri, oo hubi inay ku jirto ilaalin dhamaystiran iyo qaybaha tayada. Haddii aad sidoo kale doorato naqshad qaabaysan oo aad ku hagaajiso qaabka kiiskaaga, waxaad yeelan doontaa koronto degan, hufan, oo la isku halayn karo kaas oo socon doona sanado oo hubi in dhammaan qalabkaagu u shaqeeyo sidii la rabay.