Ma haysto internet mashiinka farsamada, maxaan samayn karaa?

¿Ma haysto internet mashiinka farsamada.Ha ka welwelin, tani waa dhibaato ka badan inta aad u malaynayso, iyo dib u eegis dhamaystiran, badanaa waa la xalin karaa. Inta lagu jiro hagahan, waxaad ka heli doontaa wax walba laga bilaabo goobaha shabakada aasaasiga ah ilaa jeegag horumarsan oo gaar ah VMware, VirtualBox, KVM/maareeyaha-virt, Parallels, iyo daruuraha sida Azure. Hadafka ayaa ah inaad aqoonsato sababta asaasiga ah oo aad ku dhaqdo sixitaan ku habboon dhowr tillaabo..

Kahor inta aynaan u galin qaabeynta, waxaa muhiim ah in aan wax fahanno: VM-ku waxa uu u shaqeeyaa sidii kumbiyuutar madax-bannaan oo ku dhex jira mashiinkaaga. Sidaa darteed, Haddii nidaamka martida loo yahay, hypervisor, ama shabakadda VM si khaldan loo habeeyey, isku xidhka ayaa hoos u dhici kara.Nidaamyada beddelka, xeerarka dab-damiska/DHCP, isku dhacyada shabakadaha, wadayaasha shabakada, ama xitaa adeegyada hypervisor ee la joojiyay ayaa waliba door ka ciyaari kara.

Sida mashiinnada farsamada gacanta u shaqeeyaan iyo sababta ay u saameeyaan shabakadda

VM wuxuu ku shaqeeyaa iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay hypervisor taas Waxay u qaybisaa agabka jidhka ee martida loo yahay (CPU, RAM, disk, NIC) nidaamka martida.Go'doomintani waxay qiimo weyn u leedahay horumarinta iyo tijaabinta, maadaama ay kuu ogolaanayso inaad tijaabiso adigoon wax u dhimin nidaamka ugu muhiimsan. Shirkadaha dhexdiisa, waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xoojiyo server-yada qalab yar. kaydso kharashyada oo si degdeg ah u dhaqaajiya culayska shaqada inta u dhaxaysa martida loo yahay. Intaa waxaa dheer, kartida lagu xidhi karo, qaadashada sawir-qaadista, iyo soo celinta xaaladda VM Waxay sahlaysa kaydinta iyo soo kabashada haddii ay dhacdo guuldarrooyinIntaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira Shabakado lagu kalsoonaan karo oo lagu soo dejisan karo mashiinnada farsamada gacanta ee bilaashka ah.

Shabakadda dalwaddu waa lakab kale oo uu hypervisor-ku ku simo: Adapter-ka farsamada ee VM wuxuu "ku xidhaa" NAT, isku xidhka, gudaha, ama shabakadaha martida loo yahay oo keliya iyadoo ku xidhan qaabayntaada.Doorashada qaabka khaldan, ama la kulanka siyaasadaha amniga ee shabakada jireed, waxay ka tagi kartaa VM iyada oo aan la helin internetka xitaa haddii martida loo yahay dhib la'aan.

Faa'iidooyinka iyo dib-u-dhacyada bay'adaha farsamada

Marka laga soo tago isku xirnaanta, VM-yadu waxay bixiyaan faa'iidooyin cad: waafaqsanaanta nidaamyada (Windows, Linux, macOS, BSD), madax-bannaanida qaabeynta, iyo kaydin/wareejin aad u degdeg ah iyada oo loo marayo cloning. Haddii mid ka mid ah VM uu guuldareysto, kuwa kale waxay sii wadaan inay sii socdaan iyada oo aan la taaban.

Wax walba ma qummana: Waxaa xadiday qalabka martida loo yahayLatency network inta badan waa xoogaa ka sarreeya OS-gu, iyo heerka xirfadeed waxaa laga yaabaa in kharashyo hypervisor ama nidaamka martida shatiga.

Qaababka shabakadaha caadiga ah iyo sida ay u saameeyaan gelitaanka internetka

Iyadoo ku xiran hypervisor-ka, waxaad arki doontaa magacyo kala duwan, laakiin fikraduhu waa isku mid. Doorashada qaabka saxda ah ayaa fure u ah siinta marinka interneedka VM.:

• NAT: VM-gu wuxuu internet-ka ka galayaa "martigeliyaha" martida loo yahay. Tani waxay badanaa u shaqeysaa si caadi ah oo waa ikhtiyaarka caadiga ah ee VMware/VirtualBox. Waxay u ogolaataa VM inuu galo shabakada jirka iyo internetka, laakiin server-yada jireed si toos ah uma "arag" VM.
• Adapter-ka la buunbuuniyay: VM-gu wuxuu isku xiraa sidii qalab kale oo shabakadda jireed, oo leh IP u gaar ahKu habboon aaladaha kale inay kula xiriiraan, laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa inay khilaafaan siyaasadaha beddelka ama router-ka.
• Martigeliyaha-kaliya: Shabakad gaar ah oo u dhaxaysa martigeliyaha iyo VM. Internet ma jiro.
• Shabakadda gudaha: waxay ka soocdaa VM-yada midba midka kale ee shabakad xiran. Sidoo kale ma jiro internet..
• Shabakadda NAT (VirtualBox): waxay isku daraysaa NAT iyo qaybin, Waxay ogolaataa intarneetka iyo xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya VM-yada shabakadaas NAT.

Gudaha VMware waxaad ku hagaajin kartaa wax walba oo ku jira "Tifatiraha Shabakadda Virtual": U dooro NIC jireed buundada, beddel subnetka NAT, karti DHCP, oo fur dekedahaWaxa kale oo aad xaddidi kartaa bandwidth oo aad bedeli kartaa ciwaanka MAC "Advanced". VirtualBox, waxaad ku maamushaa shabakadaha NAT iyaga oo wata subnet-kooda, DHCP, IPv6, iyo xeerarka dekedaha "File> Dookhyada", iyo VM kasta waxaad dooranaysaa NAT, Bridge, Internal, Host-only, ama Network NAT.

Hagaajinta: xusuusta, cabbirka, baaxadda baaxadda, iyo dardargelinta

Haddii VM-gu uu ku yar yahay kheyraadka, waxaad dareemi doontaa cilad-xumo shabakadeed. U qoondee RAM ku filan Si loo hubiyo in martidu ay wax ka qaban karto codsiyada iyada oo aan laga adkaan, hagaaji cabbirka VM sida loo baahdo, iyo haddii ay jiraan VM-yo badan, xaddido xawaaraha iyada oo loo marayo VM si looga fogaado saturation. Goobaha qaarkood ayaa bixiya dardargelinta shabakada taasoo yaraynaysa daahida oo wanaajisa wareejinta.

Haddii aad isticmaasho NAT oo aadan haysan internet gal

Iyadoo NAT, haddii martigeliyaha uu leeyahay marin internet, VM sida caadiga ah sidoo kale. Dhibaatada caadiga ah ayaa ah in subnet-ka NAT ee casriga ah uu ku beegan yahay shabakadda jireed.Martidu ma garanayo sida looga baxo. Beddel subnet-ka NAT ee tafatiraha shabakada (VMware: VMnet8; VirtualBox: samee/dooro shabakad NAT leh subnet kale) si aad uga fogaato isku dhacyada LAN-gaaga ugu weyn.

Haddii aad isticmaalayso buundada oo aadan haysan internet gal

Qaabka la isku dhejiyay, VM waxay kuxirantahay shabakada jirka, sidaas darteed Siyaasadaha iyo adeegyada kaabayaashaaga ayaa soo galaya.:

• Gudaha VMware, u deji NIC jireed VMnet0 halkii aad ka ahaan lahayd "Automatic". Doorashada interface gaar ah ayaa ka fogaanaya dhibaatooyinka marka la beddelo shabakadaha.
• Bedel: Haddii ay jirto Amniga Dekadda oo leh xadka MAC deked kasta, ciwaanka labaad ee MAC (kan ka tirsan VM) waa la xannibi karaaSidoo kale hubi isku-xidhka IP-MAC-Port.
• Router: xaqiiji in DHCP uu firfircoon yahay (ama ku habbee ciwaanka IP-ga ee VM-ka taagan), Hubi firewall-ka hubi in aysan jirin sharci ka hortagaya kooxo cusub.

Haddi ay wali guuldarreysato, hubi martigeliyaha in NIC keedu uu fir fircoon yahay oo uu casri yahay, iyo martida taas Cinwaanka IP-ga iyo DNS si toos ah ayaa loo helayaa.Xaalado badan, si ku meel gaar ah u beddelka VM-ga oo la isku xidho (haddii ay ku jirtay NAT) ama NAT (haddii ay ku jirtay buundada) waxay kaa caawinaysaa inaad go'doomiso isha.

VMware: Hubin deg deg ah iyo hagaajin

VMware waxa uu bixiyaa dhawr kabaal oo mudan in la hubiyo marka VM-ku aanu wax baadhaynin. Ka bilow waxyaalaha fudud waxay badbaadisaa waqti:

• Dib u bilow VM-ka Haa, way ka fiican tahay sidaad u malaynayso.
• Si ku meel gaadh ah u demi antivirus/firewall-ka martida loo yahay ama habayso qaabkeeda si loogu oggolaado taraafikada VM-yada.
• Daar iyo/ama dib u bilaabo adeegyada soo socda: " VMware NAT Service" iyo "VMware DHCP Service" ka services.msc.
• Cusbooneysii ama dib ugu dheji adabtarada shabakadda gudaha Maareeyaha Aaladda martida. Haddii aysan muuqan, isticmaal "Scan for hardware change".
• Ka saar oo dib u sax "Connected" iyo "Connect on power-up" ee adabtarada shabakada VM si aad dib ugu xidhidhsato.
• Gudaha Tifaftiraha Shabakadda Virtual, dhagsii "Soo celinta defaults" si aad dib ugu dhisto VMnet1/VMnet8 haddii ay kharribeen.
• Isticmaalayaasha qaar ayaa tan ku xalliya iyagoo dejinaya ADSL routerkiisa IP-ga sida NAT DNS gudaha VMnet8> NAT Settings> DNS.
• Ka dib joojinta / dib u bilaabista martigeliyaha, Dami VM-ga oo mar kale shid (oo ka wanaagsan dib u bilaabista gobolkeeda) si dib loo bilaabo shabkada farsamada

Haddii dhibaatadu tahay mid joogto ah oo NAT ah, mararka qaarkood adeegga NAT wuu qaboojiyaa: Dib u bilaabista " VMware NAT Service" ee martigeliyaha badanaa waxay soo celisaa isku xirnaanta..

VirtualBox: Talaabooyinka Muhiimka ah

Gudaha VirtualBox, NAT waxay had iyo jeer ku shaqeysaa iyada oo aan wax hagaajin ah la samayn, laakiin haddii aysan ahayn, Dib-u-habayntani waxay caadi ahaan hagaajisaa.:

• Ku rakib "Kudarka Martida" si loo hubiyo wadayaasha iyo is dhexgalka martida ka wanaagsan.
• Dami VM-ka, aad Shabakadda, oo xaqiiji in "Enable network adapter" la hubiyay. Isku day inaad u kala beddesho NAT, Adapter Bridged, iyo Network NAT sida loogu baahdo.
• Xusuusnow: "Shabakadda Gudaha" iyo "Host-Only" ma bixiyaan internetka naqshad ahaan.
• Laga bilaabo "Fayl> Dookhyada> Shabakadda", samee ama hagaajiso shabakad NAT ah oo leh shabakad-hoosaadkeeda, DHCP iyo, haddii ay khuseyso, xeerarka dekedaha.

Gudaha martida Ka tag IP iyo DNS si toos ahHaddi aanay waxba is bedelin, hubi NIC-ga la doortay (tusaale, Intel PRO/1000 vs Paravirtualized) oo isku day in aad bedesho.

KVM/maareeyaha-virt iyo VirtualBox ee Linux (kiis caadi ah: Windows 11 martida)

Haddii aad Linux u isticmaasho martigeliyaha (tusaale, Fedora-based distro) iyo Windows 11 martida ahaan, waa wax caadi ah in la rakibo adabtarada virtio oo wali… Internetka ayaa ka dhamaanaya labadaba maamulaha fayraska iyo VirtualBoxXaqiiji inaad isticmaalayso qaab dibadda ka baxa (NAT ama bridged) iyo in martigeliyaha uu leeyahay marin internet. Haddii dhibaatadu ku dhacdo kaliya qaab la isku xidhay, tixgeli kuwan soo socda: siyaasadaha shabakada jirka, DHCP iyo firewallHaddii ay sidoo kale ka muuqato NAT labada hypervisors, hubi darawalada shabakada, helitaanka tooska ah ee IP/DNS ee server-ka martida, oo samee dib u dejinta TCP/IP (eeg qaybta Windows). Awood u siinta qaabka sinada, isbeddelada ciwaanka MAC, iyo gudbinta qasabka ah ee beddelka farsamada ayaa laga yaabaa inay lama huraan noqoto haddii software uu la socdo/kala shaandhaynayo taraafikada.

Parallels Desktop on Mac: Calaamadaha iyo Xalka

Waxaa jira xaalado aysan Windows ku dhex socon doonin Isbarbardhigga, inkastoo Mac uu awoodo. Calaamadaha waxaa ka mid ah: La'aanteed internet-ka Windows-ka, gaabis ama degenaansho la'aan, abka fashilmay in kasta oo ay leeyihiin shabakad, ama awood la'aan in lagu arko kombiyuutarada kale ee shabakaddaTan badanaa waxaa sabab u ah Settings Windows oo khaldan, software ka-hortagga qolo saddexaad, goobaha VM, ama deegaanka Windows oo kharribmay.

• Hubi in Mac uu leeyahay marin internet oo samee sawir ka hor intaadan taaban wax kasta.
• Dib-u-soo-deji Aaladaha barbar-dhigga oo samee boot nadiif ah gudaha Windows-ka adiga oo curyaaminaya adeegyada dhinac saddexaad (adeegyada barbar socda ha firfircoonaadeen).
• Gudaha Hardware> Shabakadda, u rog inta u dhaxaysa "Shabakadda La Wadaago (lagu Taliyo)" iyo "Bridged Network: Adapter Default" si aad u aragto midka ugu fiican.
• Fur CMD oo isku day pinging parallels.com. Haddii aysan ka jawaabin, orod:

  netsh winsock reset
  netsh int ip reset reset.log

  oo dib u bilow Haddii dhibaatadu sii socoto, isku day:

  ipconfig /release
  ipconfig /renew

• Gudaha Aaladda, haddii aad ku aragto "Parallels Ethernet Adapter #...", cusboonaysii darawalka si otomaatig ah.
• Daabacaadyada Pro/Ganacsiga, waxaad aadi kartaa Dookhyada> Shabakadda oo aad soo celiso qiyamkii caadiga ahaa.

Marka isku xirnaanta dib loo soo celiyo, tirtiraa sawirka si looga fogaado urursiga dawlado aan loo baahnayn.

Martida Daaqadaha: Amarrada Shabakadda Faa'iidada leh

Marka ay dhibaatadu ka taagan tahay isku xidhka shabakada Windows, fasaladan caadiga ah waxay badiyaan maalinta. Ku socodsii Command Prompt maamule ahaan:

• Dib u deji xirmada TCP/IP iyo Winsock:

  netsh winsock reset
  netsh int ip reset reset.log

• Cusbooneysii cinwaankaaga IP-ga ka dib markaad dib u bilowdo haddii aadan weli helin internetka:

  ipconfig /release
  ipconfig /renew

• Cusbooneysii ama dib-u-kicin adabtarada shabakadda ee Maareeyaha Aaladda.
• Haddii uu jiro software antivirus oo dhinac saddexaad ah, si ku meel gaar ah u dami ama habee hab ku haboon VM

On Ubuntu iyo derivatives, isticmaalayaasha qaar ayaa ka warbixiya taas rakib/cusbooneysii apt-get ama ku-tiirsanaanta iyo shahaadooyinka laxidhiidha shabkada "fur" browserka marka DNS ama TLS xallinta fashilmo.

Azure: Ogaanshaha isku xirnaanta VM-yada iyo gelitaanka internetka

Gudaha Azure, habka ayaa isbedelaya sababtoo ah waxaad haysataa qalab lagu ogaanayo. Haddii mid ka mid ah VM uusan ku gaari karin mid kale oo isla VNet ah, ama uusan geli karin internetka, waxay raacaysaa isku xigxig la dalbaday.:

Ku xidhida VM-yada isla VNet

Dhanka isha VM, isticmaal utility sida tcping si aad u tijaabiso dekedaha (tusaale, RDP 3389):

tcping64.exe -t <IP de la VM destino> 3389

Haddii ay ka jawaabi weydo, hubi xeerarka NSG: waa inay oggolaadaan "Oggolaan soo galitaanka VNet" iyo "Oggolow Soo Gelitaanka Balancer Load" oo ayan haysan diidmada kor ku xusan oo leh mudnaan hoose.

Xaqiiji inaad ka soo gali karto RDP/SSH bogga; Haddii ay taasi shaqeyso, ku socodsii "Connectivity Check" adoo isticmaalaya Network Watcher (PowerShell/CLI). Natiijadu waxay taxday "boodboodka" iyo "dhacdooyinka"; sax sida ay tilmaamayso oo mar kale isku day.

Adapter network labaad ee isla VNet

NIC-yada sare ee Windows ma laha albaab hore loo galo. Haddii aad rabto inay ku wada xidhiidhaan meel ka baxsan shabakadooda hoose, Ku dar dariiqa caadiga ah ee martida (U wad CMD maamule ahaan):

route add 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 -p <IP de la puerta de enlace>

Ka hubi NSG labada NIC oo ku ansixi Shabakadda Ilaaliyaha.

Helitaanka internetka ee Azure

Haddii VM uusan ku xirneyn internetka, marka hore meesha ka saar in NIC ay ku jirto xaalad qalad ah. Laga soo bilaabo Azure Kheyraadka Explorer wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa inaad ku qasbi "PUT" ilaha NIC Si loo waafajiyo heerka oo dib loogu soo dejiyo marinka Ka dib, ku noqo "Connectivity Check" oo ka hadal wixii arrimo ah ee la helo.

IP-yo badan oo isla Windows NIC ah

Gudaha Windows, Ciwaanka IP-ga ugu hooseeya wuxuu ahaan karaa ciwaanka koowaad. Xitaa haddii aad doorato ciwaan IP oo ka duwan Xariirka Azure, kaliya ciwaanka IP-ga aasaasiga ah ee Azure ayaa leh internet/adeeg. Ku hagaaji "SkipAsSource" iyada oo loo marayo PowerShell si loo hubiyo in cinwaanka IP-ga saxda ah uu yahay kan koowaad.

$primaryIP = '<IP primaria que definiste en Azure>'
$netInterface = '<Nombre del NIC>'
$IPs = Get-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $netInterface | Where-Object {$_.AddressFamily -eq 'IPv4' -and $_.IPAddress -ne $primaryIP}
Set-NetIPAddress -IPAddress $primaryIP -InterfaceAlias $netInterface -SkipAsSource $false
Set-NetIPAddress -IPAddress $IPs.IPAddress -InterfaceAlias $netInterface -SkipAsSource $true

Linux, raac hagaha Azure si aad ugu darto IP-yo badan OS.

Tijaabooyin degdeg ah si loo yareeyo guuldarada

Dhowr jeeg ayaa ku siin doona hage degdeg ah. U isticmaal heerkulbeeg ahaan:

• Haddii aysan jirin wax internet ah oo NAT ah, laakiin martigeliyaha uu leeyahay internet, ka shakiyo isku dhac hoose ama dhibaato adeegyada NAT/DHCP ee hypervisor.
• Haddii ay ku guuldareysato qaabka buundada laakiin ay ku shaqeyso qaabka NAT, Tani waxay tilmaamaysaa DHCP, firewall, ama ammaanka beddelka/router-ka..
• Ku dheji cinwaanka IP-ga (tusaale, 8.8.8.8) iyo magaca (tusaale, qaybta guud). Haddii ay ku shaqeyso IP-ga laakiin aan magaciisa ahayn, dhibaatadu waxay ka jirtaa DNS.

Isku xirka iyo waxqabadka ugu wanaagsan

Waayo-aragnimo aan sal lahayn: Had iyo jeer dooro interface-ka gaarka ah ee buundada.Ka fogow "Automatic"; kala sooc shabakadaha casriga ah ee LAN-ga jirka; dokumenti xeerarka NSG/ACL oo kaydi DHCP haddii aad u baahan tahay IP-yada taagan ee VM-yada la isku xidhay. Martigeliyayaasha leh VM-yo badan, xaddida xawaaraha xadiga ah halkii VM wuxuuna la socdaa safafka haddii shabakadu noqoto mid buuxsama.

Backups: waa haddii ay wax qaldamaan

Luminta xogta sababtoo ah go'itaanka shabakada ama qalad qaabeynta waa xanuun, aad u xanuun badan. Xalka dib u celinta ee ku-meel-gaarnimada Waxay ogolaadaan kaabayaal aan wakiil lahayn, soo celin degdeg ah ilbiriqsiyo gudahood, iyo soo kabashada-madaxda. (VMware, Hyper-V, Proxmox, oVirt, iwm.). Haddii aad maamusho VM-yada wax-soo-saarka, tixgeli madal bixisa konsole shabakad, soo kabasho degdeg ah, iyo tijaabooyin bilaash ah oo dhammaystiran si loo ansixiyo istiraatiijiyaddaada.

FAQ: Su'aalo degdeg ah

Qaar ka mid ah su'aalaha caadiga ah marka VM-gu aanu daalacnayn waxay leeyihiin jawaabo kooban. Waa kuwan kuwa ugu faa'iidada badan:

• Waa maxay sababta NAT ay si joogto ah hoos ugu dhacdo? Dib u bilaabista adeega NAT hypervisor ee martida loo yahay waxay caadi ahaan soo celisaa isku xidhka.
• Adabtarka ma u muuqdaa mid go'an? Hubi "Connected" iyo "Connect on power-on" ee goobaha VM.
• Haddii uusan jirin xiriir shabakad ka dib joojinta/dib-u-soo-celinta martigeliyaha, xidh oo dib u billow VM-ga si aad dib ugu hawlgeliso adabtarada shabakadda farsamada.
• Ma la isticmaali karaa VM internet la'aan? Haa: Shabakadda Shabakadda-kaliya ama Gudaha waxay abuurtaa shabakado gooni-gooni ah oo aan lahayn marin dibadeed.
• VM ma ku xidhi karaa VPN? Gudaha NAT, waxay ka dhaxashaa VPN-ka martida loo yahay; qaabka buundooyinka, waxay ku rakibtaa macmiil VPN VM-ka.

Fahamka sida hababka shabakadaha (NAT, bridged, inside, host-kaliya) ay isula xiriiraan, dib u eegista khilaafyada subnetka, adeegyada hypervisor (NAT/DHCP), xeerarka amniga, iyo xirmada shabakada martida Waxay xallisaa inta badan "ma haysto intarneetka VM" dhibaatooyinka.Marka deegaanku yahay daruur-ku-saleysan, ku tiirsanow aaladaha ogaanshaha iyo dejinta sida ku-wareejinta caadiga ah ee NIC-yada sare ama maamulka IP-ga aasaasiga ah ee Windows. Iyo, sida caadiga ah, ilaali sawir-qaadista iyo kaydinta si aad ugu noqoto xaaladdii hore haddii isbeddelku jebiyo isku xirnaanta.

Maqaalka laxiriira:

Windows 11 wuxuu jebiyaa localhost: waxa dhacaya, cidda ay saamaysay, iyo sida loo hagaajiyo

Garcia Christian

Jacaylka ku saabsan tiknoolajiyada tan iyo markii uu yaraa. Waxaan jeclahay inaan ku cusub yahay qaybta iyo, ka sarreeya, la xiriirinta. Taasi waa sababta aan ugu go'ay isgaarsiinta tignoolajiyada iyo mareegaha ciyaaraha fiidyowga sanado badan. Waxaad iga heli kartaa anigoo wax ka qoraya Android, Windows, MacOS, iOS, Nintendo ama mowduuc kasta oo la xiriira oo maskaxda ku soo dhaca.