Mareegaha la isku halayn karo ee lagu soo dejiyo mashiinnada farsamada gacanta ee bilaashka ah (iyo sida loogu soo geliyo VirtualBox/VMware)

Haddii aad ku raaxaysato samaynta shaybaadhka, ansaxinta software, ama si fudud aad ula xidhiidho nidaamyada adiga oo aan taaban kombiyuutarkaaga ugu muhiimsan, waa free mashiinada dalwaddii Waa duco. Halkii aad ku lumin lahayd nus saac rakibidda iyo cusbooneysiinta xoqitaanka, waxaad soo dejisan kartaa VM-yada diyaarsan, ku soo dejisan kartaa VirtualBox ama VMware, oo aad ku shaqeyn kartaa duullimaad.

Hoos waxaad haysataa khariidad dhamaystiran mareegaha lagu kalsoon yahay Si aad u hesho sawirada Windows iyo Linux, mid kastaa wuxuu bixiyaa, faa'iidooyinkooda iyo xumaantooda, talooyinka soo dejinta, dejinta waxqabadka, tixgelin xagga sharciga iyo ammaankaiyo dib u eegis ku saabsan sifooyinka VirtualBox ee waxtarka leh. Fikradda ayaa ah, hal maqaal, waxaad ku heli doontaa wax kasta oo aad u baahan tahay si aad u soo dejiso, u soo dejiso, oo u socodsiiso VMs si guul leh. Waxaan kuu keenaynaa dhammaan  Shabakado lagu kalsoonaan karo oo lagu soo dejisan karo mashiinnada farsamada gacanta ee bilaashka ah.

Halkee laga heli karaa mashiinnada farsamada ee Windows-ka rasmiga ah

Microsoft waxay ku sii daysay mashiinada qiimaynta ee diyaar u ah in la isticmaalo Hyper-V (Gen2), barbar socda, VirtualBox iyo VMwareKuwani waxay ku wajahan yihiin horumarinta iyo tijaabinta. Waxay ka heli karaan bogga horumariyaha ee VM-yada leh Microsoft Edge iyo gudaha Xarunta Eva for Windows 10/11 Enterprise, oo leh faahfaahinta soo dejinta ee developer.microsoft.com. VM-yadan inta badan waxaa ku jira Windows 11 Enterprise (Qiimaynta)Visual Studio 2022 Bulshada oo leh culaysyo UWP ah, .NET Desktop, Azure iyo Windows App SDK, oo lagu daray WSL2 oo wata Ubuntu, Windows Terminal iyo qaabka horumariyaha ee karti leh.

Muhiim: ah shatiga qiimayntu wuu dhacayaa Tani waxay badanaa dhacdaa 90 maalmood ka dib daabacaadda ama fulinta ugu horraysa. Marka uu dhaco, desktop-ka wuu madoobaa, fariin "aan ahayn" ayaa soo baxaysa, nidaamkuna wuxuu xiri karaa saacad kasta; noqoshada shatiga Qiimaynta Ganacsiga, kicinta lama taageero oo leh furaha isticmaalka muddada dheer.

Marka la eego shuruudaha, Microsoft waxay ku talinaysaa ugu yaraan 8 GB oo RAM ah iyo 70 GB oo disk ahQaar ka mid ah waxyaabaha garaafyada ayaa lagu arkay VirtualBox (tusaale, muuqaalka menu-ka Start) kuwaas oo hadda baaritaan lagu hayo; hadda Ma jiraan daabacado ARM La heli karo Haddii VM uu yiraahdo qiimeyntu way dhammaatay, waxaad isku dayi kartaa cilad-doonka firfircoonida iyo, haddii loo baahdo, soo dejiso sawirkii ugu dambeeyay si aad u bilowdo xilli tijaabo kale.

Adguard: Nadiifi Microsoft ISO-yada iyo gelitaanka noocyadii hore

Kuwa doorbidaya inay VM ka dhisaan xoq, Adguard waxay bixisaa a ka raadi alaabta iyo daabacadaha kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad si toos ah uga soo dejiso ISO-yada server-yada Microsoft, iyada oo aan wax laga beddelin. Tilmaamaha ugu awoodda badan waa helista versions aad u gaar ah ama noocyada Windows ee taariikhiga ah ee aan hadda fududayn in laga helo kanaalada caadiga ah.

Arrinta soo jiidashada yar ayaa ah in qaybta hore loo dhisay ee VM ee ay markii hore lahayd aan la sii haynin, iyo tii ugu dambaysay ee la heli karo waxaa loola dan lahaa... Windows 10Waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad ku abuurto VM oo leh ISO-ga rasmiga ah ee hypervisor-ka aad jeceshahay, wax qaadanaya dhowr daqiiqo laakiin, haddii aad aqoon u leedahay VirtualBox/VMware, Wax sir weyni uma hayo..

Kaydka VM-yada diyaarsan (gaar ahaan Linux)

Sanduuqyada OS

OSBoxes waa ruug-caddaa ka soo ururiya saxanadaha farsamada ee a noocyo kala duwan oo Linux distros ah iyo qaar ka mid ah nidaamyada caadiga ah (BSD, FreeDOS). Waxay bixisaa sawirro VirtualBox (VDI) iyo VMware (VMDK); sababo sharci dartood Daaqadaha lama qaybiyoLaakin buugyaraha waa mid ballaaran oo inta badan waa mid casri ah.

Sawirro badan ayaa wadaaga aqoonsiga caadiga ah: osboxes username / osboxes.org erayga sirta ah loogu talagalay xisaabta caadiga ah iyo meelo badan oo kala duwan xidid / osboxes.org maamul ahaan. Beddel furaha sirta ah ka dib bilowga hore si aad u hagaajisid amniga, oo aad dib ugu eegto Xusuusin soo dejin kasta sababtoo ah mararka qaarkood way kala duwan tahay.

Tixraac ahaan, OSBoxes way fududahay in laga helo desktop-ka iyo daabacadaha server-ka ee qaybinta sida Android x86, Antergos, antiX, Arch Linux, BackBox, Black Lab, Bodhi, BunsenLabs, Xisaabi Linux, CentOS, CrunchBang, Chromixium, Debian, Deepin, Devuan, OS Elementary, Fedora, Feren OS, FreeBSD, FreeDOS, Gentoo, HandyLinux, Neontu, Linux Kuru, Linux Kurura, Linux KOS, Korora, Linux, Kora Kura, Linux. Lite, Linux Mint, LMDE, Lubuntu, LXLE, Mageia, MakuluLinux, Manjaro, Nitrux, openSUSE, Parrot Security OS, PCLinuxOS, Pear Linux OS, Peppermint, Phoenix OS, Pinguy OS, PrimeOS, Q4OS, Qubes OS, Raspbian, Remix OS, Sabayon, Linux, Solusky True, ScientOS, Linux, Ubuntu, Scientifinu, Linux, Scientifinu, Linux (Budgie, GNOME, MATE, Server, Studio), Edition Ultimate, Xubuntu iyo Zorin OS.

Faa'iidooyinka: Buuggaag weyn oo loogu talagalay soo dejinta iyo soo dejinta fudud. Khasaaraha: Daaqadaha ma jiro Liisaska qaarkood waxay bixiyaan tafaasiil yar ka hor, markaa waa inaad hubisaa nooca saxda ah ee gudaha VM ka dib markaad bilowdo.

VirtualBoxes

VirtualBoxes waxay diiradda saartaa sawirada VirtualBox (inkastoo mararka qaarkood loo rogi karo VMware). Xooggoodu wuxuu ku jiraa Linux iyo nidaamyada kale sida FreeBSD ama FreeDOS, oo leh kayd alifbeetada iyo kaararka la qabsashadaWaa faa'iido u leh go'aaminta adigoon si indho la'aan ah u soo dejineynin.

Dhinaca wanaagsan, kaydka Ma aha sidaas u cusub sida OSBoxes, oo si rasmi ah u xaddidaya VM-yada VirtualBox, yaraynta dabacsanaanta haddii goobtaada aasaasiga ah ay tahay VMware ama hypervisor kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay noqon kartaa naf-badbaadiye markaad raadinayso noocyadii hore imtixaan.

SysProbs

SysProbs waxay siisaa VDI ee VirtualBox qaybinta Linux ee kala duwan iyo sidoo kale Windows (11, 10, 8.1, 7, iyo Windows Server 2012 R2/2016/2019)Sawiradu waa bilaash oo inta badan waxaa ku jira fayl akhris ah oo leh shuruudo iyo shahaadooyin si aad si dhakhso ah kuugu kiciso oo aad u shaqeyso.

Digniin: Xidhiidhyada qaar ee nuxurka Microsoft ayaa laga yaabaa duugoobay ama jabayHad iyo jeer xaqiiji daacadnimada iyo asalka, kala hormarinta waddooyinka rasmiga ah marka ay suurtagal tahay iyo hubi xashiishyada haddii la heli karo.

Mashruuc luqadda Isbaanishka ah oo leh OVA-yada diyaarsan: descargarmaquinasvirtuales.com

Haddii aad rabto Linux distros mar hore ayaa lagu rakibay oo gudaha Luqadda IsbaanishkaMashruucani wuxuu martigeliyaa sawirada qaabka OVA oo diyaar u ah in la soo dejiyo oo la soo geliyo VirtualBox ama VMware. Wax walba way yimaadaan dib loo qaabeeyey si aadan wakhti uga lumin rakibidda ama cusboonaysiinta nidaamka meel eber ah.

Buugta waxaa ka mid ah, iyo kuwo kale, Antergos, Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Deepin, OS hoose, Fedora, Kali Linux, Linux Lite, Manjaro, Linux Mint, openSUSE, PCLinuxOS, ReactOS, Solus, Ubuntu, Ubuntu Budgie iyo Zorin OSWebsaydhkoodu waxa uu tilmaamayaa nooca daabacaadda (miisaska - oo leh miisasyada sida GNOME ama XFCE-ama server), nooca distro, iyo qiyaas ahaan laga soo bilaabo kaydka; OVA-yadu waxay ku yimaadaan sibka sibka si loo badbaadiyo meel bannaan oo si joogto ah ayaa loo cusboonaysiiyaa.

Qoraagu waxa uu wadaagayaa buugag faahfaahsan oo lagu soo dejiyo OVA-yada VirtualBox iyo VMwareKa dib marka la soo dejiyo, waxaa lagu talinayaa in la hagaajiyo ilaha VM: kordhinta xudunta iyo xusuusta, dooro qaabka shabakada (badankoodu waxay doortaan buunshaha si loogu daro LAN-gaaga) iyo, haddii aad u isticmaalayso Windows martigeliyaha ahaan, waxaa mararka qaarkood lagula talinayaa inaad ka saarto adapters-ka farsamada ee iska soo horjeeda. Aqoonsiga caadiga ah ayaa badanaa ah user: "user" iyo maamulka xidid leh erayga sirta ah "toor" (Fiiri faahfaahinta sawir kasta si aad u xaqiijiso oo u bedesho ka dib markaad bilowdo).

Qalabka u diyaarsan in la isticmaalo: TurnKey Linux iyo Bitnami

Haddii aad u baahan tahay codsi kor u kaca oo soconaya daqiiqado gudahood, waxaa jira buug-gacmeedyo leh daraasiin qalab ah oo horay loo habeeyey oo ku yaal VM-yada. TurnKey Linux wuxuu qaybiyaa xalalka la jaan qaadaya VMware, VirtualBox, Xen iyo barbar socda oo leh xirmo sida LAMP, WordPress, Drupal, ownCloud/Nextcloud, GitLab iyo in ka badan, oo ay ku jiraan goobaha amniga iyo adeegyada maamulka.

Bitnami, oo ku jirta qaybteeda Stacks, waxay sidoo kale bixisaa mashiinno farsamaysan oo leh codsiyo caan ah, diyaar u ah in la bilaabo, oo loogu talagalay horumarinta iyo tijaabinta. Waa hab degdeg ah oo lagu bilaabo. adeegyada il furan iyada oo aan wakhti ku lumin rakibidda iyo adkeynta bilowga.

Hage degdeg ah: soo dejinta OVA/VDI VirtualBox iyo VMware

Soo dejinta VM horay loo dhisay way ka fudud tahay sida ay u muuqato; oo leh OVA, saaxirku wuxuu kugu hagayaa dhowr dhagsi oo kaliya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhowr tillaabo oo habaysan ayaa caawinaya. iska ilaali khaladaadka caadiga ah hore u wanaaji fulinta ugu horeysay.

1. Soo deji sawirka ku habboon hypervisor-kaaga: Ova haddii aad u soo dhoofsanayso qalab ahaan, ama VDI/VMDK haddii aad door bidayso inaad ku xidhiddiso diskka farsamada gacanta.
2. Gudaha VirtualBox, u gudub Faylka> Adeeg soo dejinta oo dooro OVA. Hubi magaca, RAM, CPU, kaarka shabakada, iyo kantaroolaha kaydinta. Gudaha VMware, isticmaal File> Open Wixii OVA/OVF, ama samee VM cusub oo dooro "isticmaal disk jira".
3. Kahor bilawga koowaad, hagaaji kheyraadka: qoondee 2 vCPUs Haddii martigeliyahaagu u oggolaado, iyo 2-4 GB oo RAM ah oo loogu talagalay distros-ka fudud ama 6-8 GB haddii ay tahay Windows 10/11.
4. Ku xidh shabakadaada sida uu dhigayo shaybaadhkaaga: NAT si aad u gasho intarneedka adiga oo aan soo bandhigin adeegyada buunshaha Haddii aad rabto IP-ga LAN-kaaga, ama "martigeliyaha-kaliya" ee deegaan go'doonsan.
5. Bilow oo rakib Ku darista martida (VirtualBox) ama Qalabka VMware si aad awood ugu yeelatid fiidyowga la dedejiyey, kilibboodhka, jiidi iyo soo daadinta, iyo is hagaajinta shaashadda.

Waxqabadka iyo hagaajinta cabbirka: waxa run ahaantii isbeddel sameeya

VM-yada Microsoft waxay miisaami karaan inta u dhaxaysa 4,5GB iyo 20GB Waxay qaataan meel aad u badan ka dib soo dejinta iyo depression; Linux, cabbirada ayaa badanaa la maamuli karaa. Haddii ay suurtagal tahay, ku dheji a SSD in si muuqata loo hagaajiyo bilawga iyo jawaab celinta.

Ha meelayn wax ka badan 50% ee RAM laga bilaabo kombuyuutarkaaga ilaa VM-ga si aad uga fogaato culayska xad-dhaafka ah ee martida loo yahay. Miisaanka fudud ee Linux, 2-4 GB ayaa ku filan; loogu talagalay Windows 10/11, 6-8 GB ayaa lagula talinayaa haddii martigeliyahaagu uu taageero. Ka cusboonaysiinta 1 ilaa 2 vCPUs Aad ayaa looga dareemi karaa hufnaanta martida.

Kaydinta dhexdeeda, saxan dalwad ah oo cabbirkiisu yahay Waxaan hubaa inay si ka sii wanaagsan u shaqaynayso. (in kasta oo ay ka qaadato dhammaan booska bilowga hore), halka kaydinta firfircooni ay badbaadiso booska oo u korto sida loo isticmaalo. Qiimee software-kaaga iyo baahiyahaaga xogta; Ma mudan tahay in la badiyo haddii aad samaynayso dhawr waxyaalood oo keliya. imtixaanada dhibcaha.

Marka lagu daro Ku-darka Martida ama VMware Tools, karti galka la wadaago haddii loo baahdo oo hagaajiso qaabka shaashadda korjoogahaaga. Haddii fiidyowgu dib u dhac ku yimaado, baabi'i saamaynta miiska martida ama yaree dardargelinta 3D, kaas oo noqon kara mid la googooyo qalabka fudud.

Shabakadda iyo shaybaadhada: NAT, buundada iyo hal-martiye

VirtualBox wuu taageeraa NAT, buundada, shabakada gudaha iyo martida kaliya (marka lagu daro waafaqsanaanta IPV6). NAT waxay ku siinaysaa marin internet adoon soo bandhigin VM-ka; isku xidhiddu waxay VM-ga ku dhex daraysaa LAN-gaaga oo leh ciwaanka IP-ga ee u gaarka ah; martigeliyaha-kaliya ayaa kuu ogolaanaya inaad abuurto jawi tijaabo oo go'doonsan ama a qaybta la xakameeyey Layliyada amniga internetka.

Haddii aad doonayso inaad ku samayso ku celcelinta qallafsanaanta oo leh distros sida Kali LinuxTixgeli inaad isticmaasho martigeliyaha-kaliya iyo, marka loo baahdo, ku darista NIC labaad ee NAT ama qaabka la isku xidhay. Haddii aad u isticmaaleyso Windows martigeliyaha ahaan, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad joojiso adaabiyeyaasha farsamada ee aan la isticmaalin si aad uga hortagto [arrimaha aan la cayimin]. isku dhacyada shabakada.

Badbaadada iyo sharciga: caqliga guud ayaa ka sarreeya dhammaan

Soo dejinta VM-yada waxay kaa badbaadinaysaa waqti, laakiin waxay la macno tahay inaad aaminto cidda dhisay. Goobaha rasmiga ah ama bakhaarada sumcadda leh, khatartu way yar tahay; Ilaha shakiga leh, waxaad la kulmi kartaa dhibaatooyin. sawiro la farsameeyay ama malwareHubi xashiishyada marka la daabaco oo ka dhig Difaacaha ama fayraska aad ugu jeceshahay martida dhexdeeda.

Xasuusnoow in VM-gu uu go'doon yahay, laakiin uu u shaqeeyo sida galka la wadaago, sabuuradaha, ama shabakada la isku xidhay Waxay ku xidhan yihiin kombuyuutarkaaga. Dami waxa aadan u baahnayn, oo haddii aad wax ka shakisan tahay, isticmaal deegaan la tuuri karo iyada oo aan lahayn xog xasaasi ah. Sharci ahaan, Linux wax xaddidaad ah ma keeno; Windows, isticmaal sawirada qiimaynta rasmiga ah ama shatiyadaada, oo iska ilaali "hor-u-shaqeeyay" VM-yada qolo saddexaad. MacOS, EULA waxay xaddidaysaa fulinteeda Qalabka Applexattaa xagga farsamada casriga ah.

Nooca 1 iyo Nooca 2 Hypervisors: Meesha Mid Kasta Ku habboon yahay

Hypervisors ee Nooca 1 (Bir qaawan) sida Hyper-V ama ESXi waxay si toos ah ugu shaqeeyaan qalabka, iyagoo bixinaya waxqabad iyo go'doon weyn. Kuwa ka mid ah Nooca 2 Codsiyada la qabtay sida VirtualBox ama VMware Workstation waxay ku shaqeeyaan nidaamka hawlgalka, iyaga oo ku habboon shaybaarada laptop-ka ama desktop-ka oo leh qalooc gelid aad u hooseeya.

On desktop, VirtualBox waxay ku bixisaa sifo/qiimo aan la jabin karin (waa bilaash), halka VMware uu iftiiminayo dhalaalid iyo waxqabadHyper-V waxa uu ku soo biiray Windows oo aad ayuu u fiican yahay haddii aad ka dhex shaqeyso nidaamka deegaanka Microsoft ama aad xiisaynayso wax badan oo "khatar ah" oo aan kharash dheeraad ah lahayn.

VirtualBox oo kooban: sifooyinka ku badbaadin kara

VirtualBox waxay u taagan tahay xornimada, iskutallaabta, iyo si la yaab leh oo dhammaystiran. Way ogolanaysaa Soo rar/ u dhoofinta Oracle CloudDaawasho wacan (tusaale, KVM gudaha martida), maamulaha faylka martida, iyo horumarinta khibradda ku-darka Martida.

Shabakadda, way taageertaa NAT, buundada, gudaha iyo martida kaliyaKaydinta, waxaad isticmaali kartaa kontaroolayaasha SATA, NVMe, SCSI, IDE iyo SASWaxay qarin kartaa saxanadaha oo xitaa waxay ku dhejin kartaa bilawga iSCSI si ay u gasho bartilmaameedyada fog. Waxa kale oo ay bixisaa dardargelinta 3D, jiid oo tuuroUSB, kamarad webcam ah, HD maqal ah, ACPI buuxa, sawiro laami ahla xirxiray iyadoo la ilaalinayo aqoonsiga iyo API-yada otomaatiga iyo adeegyada shabakadda.

Ikhtiyaarada kale ee ku wajahan DevOps

Waxaa jira xalal ku saleysan VM oo loogu talagalay in lagu dardargeliyo dhuumaha horumarinta iyo deegaanka. Waxaad ka heli doontaa mashiinada Windows 11 / 10 loo habeeyey barnaamijyada (SDK, qalabyada, tusaalooyinka), qaababka Windows Server 2019/2022 Java, .NET, PHP, Python iyo database-yada sida SQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL ama MySQL, iyo sidoo kale sawirada Ubuntu/Ubuntu Server diyaar u ah in la ururiyo. Waxa kale oo jira VM-yo leh Azure DevOps Server horay loo habeeyey si dhuumaha loo bilaabo daqiiqado gudahood. Qaar ka mid ah hindisayaasha (tusaale, Open-DevLabs ama ururinta "Mashiinnada Virtual DevOps Free") waxay xidhxidhaan agabkan; had iyo jeer hubi shatiga, soo dejiso xaqiiqada, iyo shuruudaha qalabka ka hor inta aan loo isticmaalin wax soo saarka.

Inta u dhaxaysa kaydadka rasmiga ah ee Microsoft, Adguard's ISO finder, OSBoxes/VirtualBoxes/SysProbs buugaagta, OVA-yada Isbaanishka ee descargarmaquinasvirtuales.com, iyo qalabka TurnKey/Bitnami, waxaad heshay Windows casri ah, Linux hadda, iyo codsiyo diyaarsan Si loo geeyo. Adiga oo hagaajinaya RAM/CPU, doorashada qaabka isku xidhka saxda ah, iyo adeegsiga amniga wanaagsan iyo dhaqamada shatiga, waxaad ku dejisan kartaa jawi adag daqiiqado gudahood si aad wax u barato, u tijaabiso, oo si habsami leh ugu shaqeyso.