Mokhoa oa ho bona liphoso tsa SSD ka litaelo tse tsoetseng pele tsa SMART

Haeba u amehile ka bophelo bo botle ba polokelo ea hau, u sebakeng se nepahetseng: ka Theknoloji ea SMART U ka lebella liphoso tse tebileng tsa SSD le HDD 'me u boloke data ea hau ka nako. Sehlooho sena se hlalosa. Mokhoa oa ho bona liphoso ho SSD ea hau u sebelisa litaelo tsa SMART.

Ntle le bohelehele feela, ho lekola boemo ba disc ke senotlolo sa ho netefatsa boteng ba tlhahisoleseding le moralo oa bokhoni le ts'ebetso. Hard drive e hlolehang ho sa lebelloa e ka sitisa lits'ebeletso, ea senya botumo ba hau, 'me ea u jella chelete. Le ha SSD e sa etse lerata la HDD, matšoao a eona a teng: marotholi a lebelo, liphoso tsa ho thaepa kapa tahlehelo ea data ka lebaka la ho roala ha lisele.

SMART ke eng le hore na ke eng e ka e etsang (le e ke keng ea etsoa).

SMART ke khutsufatso ea Boitlhokomelo, Boithuto le Theknoloji ea TlalehoLetoto la litloaelo ho firmware le lekola mefuta e ka hare ea disk le ho fana ka litemoso ha li bona kotsi ea ho hloleha. Sepheo sa bona se hlakile: ho u fa nako ea ho boloka boitsebiso ba hau le ho khutlisa koloi pele ho koluoa.

Ho e sebelisa, ho hlokahala hore u e sebelise motherboard (BIOS/UEFI) 'me koloi ka boeona e tšehetsa 'me e nolofalitsoe ke SMART. Kajeno e batla e le hohle ho SATA, SAS, SCSI le NVMe, 'me lits'ebetso tsa sejoale-joale li sebelisana le eona ntle le mathata.

Li-parameter tseo e li lekanyang li kenyelletsa ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe: mocheso, likarolo tse abetsoeng bocha, liphoso tsa CRCNako ea ho potoloha ha enjine, liphoso tse sa lokisoeng tsa ho bala/ho ngola, palo e ntseng e emetse ea lekala, lebelo la ho batla, le litšobotsi tse ling tse ngata. Moetsi e mong le e mong o hlalosa le ho tiisa litafole tsa eona, tse nang le menyako le litekanyetso tse amohelehang.

Bohlokoa: SMART ha e etse boselamose. E o hlokomedisa feela. ho hloleha ho lebelloang (ho roala, mathata a ntseng a tsoela pele a mochini, li-block tsa NAND tse senyehileng). E ke ke ea lebella liketsahalo tsa tšohanyetso joalo ka ho phahama ha motlakase kapa tšenyo ea tšohanyetso ea elektroniki. Lithuto tse kang tsa Google le Backblaze li bontša hore likarolo tse ling li na le thuso, empa Ha li koahele 100% ea ho hloleha.

Linux: smartmontools, litaelo tsa bohlokoa le liteko

Ho Linux, sephutheloana sa smartmontools se kenyelletsa likarolo tse peli: smartctl (sesebediswa sa console bakeng sa lipotso le liteko) le bohlale (daemon e hlokomelang le ho lemosa ka syslog kapa imeile). Ke mahala ebile e lumellana le SATA, SCSI, SAS le NVMe.

Ho kenya (mohlala Debian/Ubuntu): sudo apt install smartmontoolsLikabelong tse ling, e sebelisa mookameli ea tsamaellanang; ho fumaneha ho Linux le BSD ho atile ebile ho Ha ea lokela ho u bakela mathata..

Ntlha ea pele, fumana li-unit. U ka thathamisa likopano le df -h kapa ho khetholla li-disk le li-partitions ka sudo fdisk -lHopola: smartctl e sebetsa sesebelisoa, eseng karohanong; ke hore, ho /dev/sdX kapa /dev/nvmeXnY.

Litaelo tsa bohlokoa ka smartctl bakeng sa qala ho sebetsa le SMART ho disk e itseng:

• Sheba tšehetso le boemo ba SMART: sudo smartctl -i /dev/sda
• Kenya tšebetsong SMART Haeba e holofetse: sudo smartctl -s on /dev/sda
• Sheba litšobotsi tsohle le li-log: sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
• Boitlhahlobo bo bokhutšoane (ka potlako): sudo smartctl -t short /dev/sda
• Boitlhahlobo bo bolelele (ka botlalo): sudo smartctl -t long /dev/sda
• Kakaretso ea Bophelo bo Botle: sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda

Etsa tlhahlobo e khutšoanyane beke le beke le teko e telele khoeli le khoeli ka cron ho fokotsa tšusumetso le ho ba le lintlha tsa historiEtsa liteko hoseng kapa nakong ea boima bo tlase; nakong ea teko e telele u tla hlokomela ho eketseha ha latency le ho theoha ha IOPS.

Likopano tsa ho reha lisebelisoa ho Linux

Ho ipapisitse le molaoli le sebopeho, u tla bona litsela tse fapaneng. Mehlala e meng e tloaelehileng ea ho lemoha li-drive le li-controller: / dev/sd, /dev/nvmen, /dev/sg*Ntle le litsela tse ikhethileng ho 3ware kapa balaoli ba HP (cciss/hpsa), ho utloisisa tsela e nepahetseng ho thibela. sekaseka sesebelisoa se fosahetseng.

Liphoso le lintlha tse tloaelehileng (ATA/SCSI/NVMe)

SMART e boloka litlaleho tsa liphoso tsa morao-rao 'me e li hlahisa ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng. ATA U tla bona liphoso tse hlano tsa ho qetela tse nang le maemo le likhoutu; ho SCSI Bala, ngola, 'me netefatso hloleha dibadi li thathamisitsoe; ho NVMe Likenyo tsa liphoso tsa liphoso li hatisitsoe (ka ho sa feleng tse 16 tsa morao-rao).

Likgutsufatso tse tloaelehileng liphethong tsa liphoso (tse molemo bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea kapele): ABRT, AMNF, CCTO, EOM, ICRC, IDNF, MC, MCR, NM, TK0NF, UNC, WPHaeba li hlaha khafetsa, ho na le bothata ba mmele kapa kgokelo ho batlisisa.

Ho bohlokoa hape ho tseba litšoaneleho tsa bohlokoa ka ID, tseo hangata li amanang le mefokolo e haufi: 05, 10, 183, 184, 188, 196, 197, 198, 201, 230Keketseho e tsitsitseng ho leha e le efe ea tsona ke pontšo e mpe.

Litšobotsi tse SMART: mokhoa oa ho li bala le hore na ke life tseo u lokelang ho li ela hloko

Mananeo a bonts'a paramente ka 'ngoe e nang le likarolo tse' maloa. Hangata e kenyelletsa Identifier (1-250), Threshold, Value, Worst, le Raw Data, ho phaella ho lifolakha (hore na li bohlokoa, lipalo-palo, joalo-joalo). Boleng bo tloaelehileng bo qala holimo le ho e fokotseha ka tšebelisoHo feta moeli ho hlahisa temoso.

Har'a litšoaneleho tse molemo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho lemoha ho senyeha kapa ho senyeha, sheba: Relocated_Sector_Ct (mafapha a abetsoeng bocha), Lekala_Le_Pending_Hajoale (mafapha a sa tsitsang a ntseng a emetse), Offline_Ha e nepahale (liphoso ntle le tokiso ntle le marang-rang), Relocated_Event_Count (liketsahalo tsa reassignment) le, ho HDD, Spin_Retry_Count (enjene e qala e leka hape). Tsena li bohlokoa ho li-SSD. Wear Leveling Count y Ho hloleha ha Lenaneo/Hlakola.

Thempereichara ke likhang, empa ho boloka yuniti ka tlase 60 ° C Sena se fokotsa menyetla ea liphoso. Hlahloba moea oa chassis 'me, ha ho hlokahala, eketsa li-heatsink tsa NVMe ho li-drive tsa M.2. qoba ho thothomela le ho senyeha.

Windows: WMIC, PowerShell le CHKDSK

Bakeng sa ho hlahloba ka potlako lits'ebetsong tsa Windows u ka sebelisa console ea khale ka WMIC kapa PowerShell, ntle le ho kenya eng kapa eng e eketsehileng, ebe o tlatselletsa ka sesebelisoa se felletseng sa SMART ha ho hlokahala.

Ka Command Prompt joalo ka motsamaisi, matha: wmic diskdrive get model, statusHaeba e khutlisa OK, boemo ba SMART bo nepahetse; ha o bona Pred FailHo na le li-parameter tsa bohlokoa ebile li bohlokoa Etsa kopi 'me u nahane ka e 'ngoe..

Ho PowerShell, qala joalo ka molaoli 'me u qale: Get-PhysicalDisk | Select-Object MediaType, Size, SerialNumber, HealthStatusTšimo Boemo ba Bophelo bo Botle e tla u bontša Bophelo bo Botle, Tlhokomeliso kapa Ha bo Botle, bo molemo bakeng sa ho lemoha mathata hanghang.

Ho hlahloba le ho lokisa liphoso tsa tsamaiso ea lifaele tse utloahalang, sebelisa CHKDSK. Etsa taelo e latelang ho console ka litokelo tse phahameng: chkdsk C: /f /r /x ho rarolla liphoso, ho fumana likarolo tse mpe, le ho qhaqha drive ha ho hlokahala; haeba u hloka tataiso ea ho Lokisa Windows ka mor'a kokoana e tebilengE hlahlobe hona joale. Ho NTFS, u ka e sebelisa chkdsk /scan bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea inthaneteng.

macOS: Disk Utility le terminal

Ho Mac, u na le litsela tse peli tse bonolo haholo. Ka lehlakore le le leng, Ts'ebeliso ea Disk (Lits'ebetso> Lisebelisoa): Khetha drive ea 'mele ebe o tobetsa Thuso ea pele ho lokisa tsamaiso ea lifaele; ho phaella moo, u tla bona Boemo ba SMART joalo ka E netefalitsoe kapa E hlolehile.

Haeba u khetha Terminal, matha diskutil info /Volumes/NombreDeTuDisco le ho batla mola oa Boemo ba SMART. Haeba Verified e thathamisitsoe, phefumoloha; empa, bekapo hanghang 'me u nahane ka ho etsa phetoho.

Linux e eketsehileng: dmesg, /sys le GUI e nang le GSmartControl

Ntle le smartctl, hoa thusa ho lekola kernel log bakeng sa efe kapa efe ea tse latelang: Liphoso tsa I/O kapa nako ea nako ea taolo. Sesefa se potlakileng e ka ba: dmesg | grep -i errorle ho e tlatsa ka mantsoe a kang failed o timeout.

Bakeng sa lintlha tsa mantlha tsa sesebelisoa u ka bala litsela tsa sistimi joalo ka /sys/block/sdX/device/model kapa lipalo-palo tsa /sys/block/sdX/statE thusa ha o batla netefatsa mosebetsi le mohlala ntle le lisebelisoa tsa kantle.

Haeba u khetha sebopeho sa graphical, kenya Taolo ea GSmart (ka mohlala: sudo apt install -y gsmartcontrol) ebe o e tsamaisa ka litokelo tsa motsamaisi. E u lumella ho Sheba litšoaneleho, etsa liteko tse khutšoane / tse telele, 'me u etse litlaleho tsa ho romela thepa ka ho tobetsa habeli.

Lisebelisoa tse khothalelitsoeng tsa motho oa boraro

Ho fetela ka nqane ho metheo ha u bona liphoso ho SSD ea hau ka litaelo tsa SMART, u na le lisebelisoa tse tsebahalang haholo:

• BelleHillInfo (Windows) e lokolohile, e hlakile ebile e lumellana le SATA ea ka hare le ea ka ntle le NVMe; e bonts'a litšobotsi tsa SMART, mocheso le lihora tsa ts'ebeliso.
• pina ea hd E eketsa limmapa tsa lekala le liteko tsa lebelo (e na le mofuta o lefelloang).
• Sentinel ea Hard Disk E tsepamisitse maikutlo holim'a tlhahlobo e tsoelang pele, litlhokomeliso le litlaleho tse tsoetseng pele; mofuta oa eona oa mahala o na le moeli empa o matla haholo ho toloka SMART.
• Taolo ea GSmart Ke mahala ebile e u lumella ho etsa liteko le ho sheba litšoaneleho tse nang le sebopeho sa graphical.

Matšoao a hore SSD kapa HDD ea hau e maotong a eona a ho qetela

Thathamisa matšoao a tloaelehileng: Ho qala butle, ho koala ho sa lebelloang, li-skrini tsa lefu tse putsoa (BSoD kapa kernel panic)Lifaele tse ke keng tsa buleha kapa tsa senyeha, ho sitoa ho kenya kapa ho ntlafatsa, le ho khanna seo nyamela tsamaisong kapa BIOS / UEFI.

Ho li-HDD, lerata la mochini (ho penya, ho lla, ho lla) ke letšoao le lebe. Ho li-SSD, batla liphoso tsa ho ngola. liphoso ha u phahamisa molumo le keketseho ea makala a abetsoeng bocha kapa lipalo tsa ho fokotseha. Haeba bothata bo ntse bo tsoela pele, u se ke ua khathatseha: Etsa kopi hona joale.

Ho reka ka bohlale: seo u lokelang ho se sheba ha u khetha lirekoto tse ncha

E ananela lihlahisoa tse nang le botumo bo botle (Seagate, WD, Toshiba, Samsung), the tipo de unidad (SSD bakeng sa lebelo, HDD bakeng sa bokhoni), sebopeho (SATA, NVMe ho M.2/PCIe), cache, le ho senya mocheso. bokgoni Ho bohlokoa hore u e hatelle ho feta litlhoko tsa hau tsa 'nete.

Lekola e phatlalalitsoeng ho tšoarella (TBW ho SSD, litiisetso, MTBF ka hloko), the tshebediso e reriloeng (Mehlala ea NAS hangata e sebetsa le ho sebetsana le RAID hamolemo) le tekanyetso: ka linako tse ling ho lefa hanyane ho u fa khotso ea kelello le bophelo bo molemo.

Meeli ea SMART: moelelo le lithuto

SMART e na le thuso empa ha e ea phethahala: ho na le ho se lumellane pakeng tsa bahlahisi Litlhalosong le maemo a tloaelehileng, litšoaneleho tse ling li bohlokoa haholo (li abeloa bocha, li letile, ha li lokisoe), ha tse ling li fana ka chelete e nyane. Backblaze e supa seo feela setshoatho sa ditshobotsi E lumellana hantle le ho hloleha, 'me Google e bontšitse linyeoe tsa ho hloleha ntle le tsebiso pele.

See se bolelang? Ho bolela hore SMART e thusa ho lebella mathata a mangata, empa leano la hau le tlameha ho kopana monitoring, redundancy (RAID), backups le ho hlaphoheloa. U se ke ua tšepa lebone le letala la sephethephethe feela.

Haeba sesebelisoa kapa sistimi e tlaleha Tlhokomediso/Ho hloleha ho lebellehang/Ho se phele hantle1) Kopitsa ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang hona joale, 2) Netefatsa le lisebelisoa tse ling ho netefatsa, 3) Rulahanya ho nkela sebaka hanghangKa mor'a ho etsa phetoho, hlahloba RAID haeba ho hlokahala ho qoba likotsi tsa kaho bocha.

Ho khomarela lintlha tsa bohlokoa ho thusa: SMART e u lemosa ka mathata a mangata a tlang.Empa eseng kaofela ha bona; tsela e bohlale ea ho sebetsa ke ho e kopanya le liteko tse reriloeng, li-backups tse ntle, le leano le hlakileng la ho fetola ha matšoao a bohlokoa a qala ho tsamaea.