Liwebsaete tse ka tšeptjoang bakeng sa ho khoasolla mechini e fumanehang mahala (le mokhoa oa ho e kenya ho VirtualBox/VMware)

Haeba u natefeloa ke ho theha li-lab, ho netefatsa software, kapa ho ts'oana le lits'ebetso ntle le ho ama komporo ea hau ea mantlha, the mechine e sa lefelloeng ea sebele Ke lehlohonolo. Sebakeng sa ho senya halofo ea hora ho kenya le ho ntlafatsa ho tloha qalong, o ka khoasolla li-VM tse seng li entsoe, oa li kenya ho VirtualBox kapa VMware, 'me u qale ho sebetsa ka fofa.

Ka tlase u na le 'mapa o felletseng oa liwebsaete tse tšepahalang Ho fumana litšoantšo tsa Windows le Linux, seo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e se kenyelletsang, melemo le boiketlo ba tsona, likhothaletso tsa ho kenya thepa, litlhophiso tsa ts'ebetso, litaba tsa molao le tshireletsole tlhahlobo ea likarolo tse sebetsang tsa VirtualBox. Morero ke hore, sengolong se le seng, o tla ba le tsohle tseo o li hlokang ho jarolla, ho kenya, le ho tsamaisa li-VM ka katleho. Re u tlisetsa tsohle  Liwebsaete tse ka tšeptjoang bakeng sa ho khoasolla mechini e fumanehang mahala.

Moo u ka fumanang mechini ea semmuso ea Windows

Microsoft e lokolla mechine ea tlhahlobo e seng e loketse ho sebelisoa Hyper-V (Gen2), Parallels, VirtualBox le VMwareTsena li lebisitsoe ho nts'etsopele le liteko. Li fumaneha leqepheng la nts'etsopele bakeng sa li-VM tse nang le Microsoft Edge le ho Eval Center bakeng sa Windows 10/11 Khoebo, e nang le lintlha tsa ho jarolla ho developer.microsoft.com. Li-VM tsena hangata li kenyelletsa Windows 11 Enterprise (Tlhahlobo)Sechaba sa Visual Studio 2022 se nang le meroalo ea UWP, .NET Desktop, Azure le Windows App SDK, hammoho le WSL2 e nang le Ubuntu, Windows Terminal le mokhoa oa developer o lumelloang.

Bohlokoa: the laesense ea tlhahlobo e felloa ke nako Hangata sena se felloa ke nako ka mor'a matsatsi a 90 ka mor'a hore se phatlalatsoe kapa se etsoe lekhetlo la pele. Ha e felloa ke nako, desktop e ba ntšo, ho hlaha molaetsa "o seng oa nnete", mme sistimi e ka koala hora e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe; ho ba laesense ea Tlhahlobo ea Khoebo, ha e tshehetse ho kenya tshebetsong e nang le senotlolo bakeng sa tshebediso ya nako e telele.

Mabapi le litlhoko, Microsoft e khothaletsa bonyane 8 GB ea RAM le 70 GB ea sebaka sa diskLitšobotsi tse ling tsa kerafo li hlokometsoe ho VirtualBox (mohlala, chebahalo ea Start menu) tse ntseng li hlahlojoa hajoale; bakeng sa hona joale Ha ho likhatiso tsa ARM. E fumaneha. Haeba VM e re tlhahlobo e felile, o ka leka sesebelisoa sa ho rarolla mathata, 'me, ha ho hlokahala, jarolla setšoantšo sa morao-rao ho qala nako e' ngoe ea teko.

Adguard: Hloekisa li-ISO tsa Microsoft le phihlello ea liphetolelo tsa khale

Bakeng sa ba khethang ho haha ​​​​VM ho tloha qalong, Adguard e fana ka batla ka lihlahisoa le likhatiso e u lumellang ho khoasolla li-ISO ka kotloloho ho tsoa ho li-server tsa Microsoft, ntle le liphetoho. Ntho e matla ka ho fetisisa ke ho fumana sebaka liphetolelo tse khethehileng haholo kapa mefuta ea nalane ea Windows eo ho seng bonolo ho e fumana ka likanale tse tloaelehileng.

Ntho e sa rateheng haholo ke hore karolo ea VM e hahiloeng esale pele eo e kileng ea e-ba le eona ha e sa hlokomeloa, 'me ea ho qetela e fumanehang e ne e reretsoe ho ... Windows 10U tla hloka ho theha VM ka ISO ea semmuso ho hypervisor eo u e ratang haholo, ntho e nkang metsotso e seng mekae empa, haeba u tloaelane le VirtualBox/VMware, Haho sephiri se seholo ho yona..

Libaka tsa polokelo ea li-VM tse seng li entsoe (haholo-holo Linux)

Li-OSBoxes

OSBoxes ke setsebi sa khale se bokellang li-discs tse tsoang ho a mefuta e mengata ea li-Linux distros le litsamaiso tse ling tsa khale (BSD, FreeDOS). E fana ka litšoantšo tsa VirtualBox (VDI) le VMware (VMDK); ka mabaka a molao Windows ha e ajoeEmpa lethathamo lena le pharaletse ’me hangata ke la morao-rao.

Litšoantšo tse ngata li arolelana lintlha tsa kamehla: osboxes username / osboxes.org password bakeng sa akhaonto e tloaelehileng le libakeng tse ngata tsa distros motso / osboxes.org joalo ka molaoli. Fetola phasewete ka mor'a qalo ea pele ho ntlafatsa ts'ireletso, 'me u hlahlobe lintlha tsa Lintlha bakeng sa download ka 'ngoe hobane ka linako tse ling e fapana.

Bakeng sa litšupiso, ho OSBoxes ho bonolo ho fumana likhatiso tsa li-desktop le li-server tse kang Android x86, Antergos, antiX, Arch Linux, BackBox, Black Lab, Bodhi, BunsenLabs, Calculate Linux, CentOS, CrunchBang, Chromixium, Debian, Deepin, Devuan, Elementary OS, Fedora, Feren OS, FreeBSD, FreeDOS, Gentoo, Handyorali KaLinux, Linux, Linux, Kabuntu, Kabuntu Lite, Linux Mint, LMDE, Lubuntu, LXLE, Mageia, MakuluLinux, Manjaro, Nitrux, openSUSE, Parrot Security OS, PCLinuxOS, Pear Linux OS, Peppermint, Phoenix OS, Pinguy OS, PrimeOS, Q4OS, Qubes OS, Raspbian, Remix OS, Sabayon, Sciluspark Linux, Scilusic OS GNOME, MATE, Server, Studio), Ultimate Edition, Xubuntu le Zorin OS.

Melemo: Khalori e kholo e etselitsoeng ho khoasolla le ho kenya kantle ho naha habonolo. Mefokolo: Ha ho na Windows Mme manane a mang a fana ka lintlha tse 'maloa esale pele, kahoo o tla tlameha ho hlahloba mofuta o nepahetseng ka har'a VM kamora ho qala.

VirtualBoxes

VirtualBoxes e shebana le litšoantšo bakeng sa VirtualBox (le hoja ka linako tse ling li ka fetoloa VMware). Matla a bona a ho Linux le mekhoa e meng e kang FreeBSD kapa FreeDOS, e nang le polokelo ea alfabeta le likarete tse nang le litšoantšoHo bohlokoa ho etsa qeto ntle le ho jarolla ka bofofu.

Ka lehlakoreng le fokolang, sebaka sa polokelo Ha se ea morao-rao joalo joalo ka li-OSBoxes, 'me ka molao e fokotsa li-VM ho VirtualBox, e fokotsa ho fetoha ha maemo haeba sethala sa hau sa mantlha e le VMware kapa hypervisor e' ngoe. Leha ho le joalo, e ka pholosa bophelo ha u ntse u e batla mefuta ea khale bakeng sa teko.

SysProbs

SysProbs e fana ka VDI bakeng sa VirtualBox bakeng sa liphallelo tse fapaneng tsa Linux le bakeng sa Windows (11, 10, 8.1, 7, le Windows Server 2012 R2/2016/2019)Litšoantšo ha li lefelloe 'me hangata li kenyelletsa faele ea readme e nang le litlhoko le lintlha tse u thusang ho sebetsa kapele.

Tlhokomeliso: Lihokelo tse ling tsa litaba tsa Microsoft li ka ba e siiloe ke nako kapa e robehileKamehla netefatsa botšepehi le tšimoloho, u etelletse pele litsela tsa molao ha ho khoneha 'me u hlahlobe li-hashes haeba li le teng.

Morero oa puo ea Sepanishe o nang le li-OVA tse seng li entsoe: descargarmaquinasvirtuales.com

Haeba u batla hore Linux distros e se e kentsoe ebile e kene puo ea SpainMorero ona o na le litšoantšo tsa sebopeho sa OVA tse seng li loketse ho khoasolla le ho li kenya ho VirtualBox kapa VMware. Tsohle di a fihla e boletsoeng esale pele kahoo o seke oa senya nako ho kenya kapa ho nchafatsa sistimi ho tloha qalong.

Lethathamo le kenyeletsa, hara tse ling, Antergos, Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Deepin, primary OS, Fedora, Kali Linux, Linux Lite, Manjaro, Linux Mint, openSUSE, PCLinuxOS, ReactOS, Solus, Ubuntu, Ubuntu Budgie le Zorin OSWebosaete ea bona e bonts'a mofuta oa khatiso (desktop-e nang le li-desktops tse kang GNOME kapa XFCE-kapa seva), mofuta oa distro, le boholo bo lekantsoeng ho tloha polokelong ea litaba; Li-OVA li tla li hatelloa ho ZIP ho boloka sebaka 'me li ntlafatsoa khafetsa.

Sengoli se arolelana lintlha tse qaqileng tsa ho kenya li-OVA ho VirtualBox le ho vmware baoKamora ho kenya kantle ho naha, ho bohlokoa ho lokisa lisebelisoa tsa VM: eketsa li-cores le memori, khetha mokhoa oa marang-rang (ba bangata ba khetha borokho ho e kenyelletsa ho LAN ea hau) 'me, haeba u sebelisa Windows joalo ka moamoheli, ka linako tse ling ho bohlokoa ho tlosa li-adapter tse hanyetsanang. Litlhaloso tsa kamehla ke hangata mosebelisi: "mosebelisi" le bakeng sa tsamaiso motso o nang le password "toor" (Sheba lintlha tsa setšoantšo ka seng ho netefatsa le ho li fetola ka mor'a ho qala).

Lisebelisoa tse seng li loketse ho sebelisoa: TurnKey Linux le Bitnami

Haeba o hloka hore sesebelisoa se sebetse ka mor'a metsotso e seng mekae, ho na le li-catalogs tse nang le lisebelisoa tse ngata tse lokiselitsoeng esale pele ho li-VM. TurnKey Linux e aba litharollo tse tsamaellanang le VMware, VirtualBox, Xen le Parallels e nang le mekotla e kang LAMP, WordPress, Drupal, ownCloud/Nextcloud, GitLab le tse ling, ho kenyelletsa le litlhophiso tsa ts'ireletso le lits'ebeletso tsa taolo.

Bitnami, karolong ea eona ea Stacks, e boetse e fana ka mechine ea sebele e nang le lisebelisoa tse ratoang, tse itokiselitseng ho qala, tse etselitsoeng nts'etsopele le tlhahlobo. Ke mokhoa o potlakileng oa ho qala. lits'ebeletso tsa mohloli o bulehileng ntle le ho senya nako ho kenya le ho thatafatsa qalong.

Tataiso e potlakileng: ho kenya OVA/VDI ho VirtualBox le VMware

Ho kenya VM e hahiloeng esale pele ho bonolo ho feta kamoo ho bonahalang kateng; ka OVA, wizate e u tataisa ka ho tobetsa tse 'maloa feela. Leha ho le joalo, mehato e seng mekae e hlophisitsoeng e thusa. qoba liphoso tse tloaelehileng e se e ntlafalitse ts'ebetso ea pele.

1. Khoasolla setšoantšo se nepahetseng bakeng sa hypervisor ea hau: Li-OVA haeba o tlo reka kantle ho naha joalo ka sesebelisoa, kapa VDI/VMDK haeba u khetha ho amahanya disk ea sebele ka letsoho.
2. Ho VirtualBox, ea ho File > Ts'ebeletso ea kantle ebe u khetha OVA. Lekola lebitso, RAM, CPU, karete ea marang-rang, le taolo ea polokelo. Ho VMware, sebelisa File > Open Bakeng sa OVA/OVF, kapa theha VM e ncha ebe u khetha "sebelisa disk e teng".
3. Pele ho ts'ebetso ea pele, lokisa lisebelisoa: abela 2 li-vCPU Haeba moamoheli oa hau a e lumella, le 2-4 GB ea RAM bakeng sa distros tse bobebe kapa 6-8 GB haeba ho joalo Windows 10/11.
4. Lokisa marang-rang a hau ho latela lab ea hau: NAT ho fihlella Marang-rang ntle le ho pepesa lits'ebeletso, borokho haeba u batla IP ho LAN ea hau, kapa "host-feela" bakeng sa libaka tse ka thoko.
5. Qala le kenya faele ya Likeketso tsa Baeti (VirtualBox) kapa Lisebelisoa tsa VMware ho etsa hore video e potlakisoe, clipboard, hula le ho theola, le ho itokisa skrineng.

Litokiso tsa ts'ebetso le boholo: ke eng e hlileng e etsang phapang

Li-VM tsa Microsoft li ka lekanya lipakeng 4,5GB le 20GB Ba nka sebaka se eketsehileng ka mor'a ho khoasolla le ho senyeha; ho Linux, boholo ba tsona hangata bo laoleha haholoanyane. Haeba ho khoneha, kenya bona ho a SSD ho ntlafatsa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho qala le ho arabela.

U se ke ua abela ho feta 50% ea RAM ho tloha komporong ea hau ho ea ho VM ho qoba ho jarisa moamoheli. Bakeng sa li-desktops tsa Linux tse bobebe, 2-4 GB e lekane; bakeng sa Windows 10/11, 6-8 GB ea khothaletsoa haeba moamoheli oa hau a e tšehetsa. Ho ntlafatsa ho tloha ho 1 ho ea ho 2 li-vCPU E bonahala haholo ka mokhoa o phollatsi oa moeti.

Ka polokelo, ho ka thoeng disk ea boholo Ke na le bonnete ba hore e sebetsa hantle ho feta. (le hoja e nka sebaka sohle ho tloha qalong), ha polokelo e matla e boloka sebaka mme e hola ho latela ts'ebeliso. Lekola litlhoko tsa hau tsa software le data; ha ho na thuso ho feta boholo haeba u tla be u etsa lintho tse seng kae feela. liteko tse itseng.

Ntle le Keketso ea Baeti kapa Lisebelisoa tsa VMware, nolofalletsa li-folders tse arolelanoang ha ho hlokahala 'me u lokise skrineng mode ho sebali sa hau. Haeba video e salletse morao, thibela litlamorao tsa komporo ea baeti kapa fokotsa ho potlakisa 3D, e ka bang choppy ho lisebelisoa tse itekanetseng.

Marang-rang le lilaboratori: NAT, borokho le moamoheli a le mong

VirtualBox e tšehetsa NAT, borokho, marang-rang a ka hare le baeti feela (ho phaella tabeng ea ho lumellana le IPv6). NAT e u fa monyetla oa ho fumana marang-rang ntle le ho pepesa VM; borokho bo kopanya VM ho LAN ea hau ka aterese ea eona ea IP; moamoheli feela o u lumella ho theha tikoloho e ikhethileng ea tlhahlobo kapa a karolo e laoloang bakeng sa boikoetliso ba cybersecurity.

Haeba u tlo etsa boikoetliso ba pentesting ka distros joalo ka Kali LinuxNahana ka ho sebelisa batho ba amohelang baeti feela, 'me, ha ho hlokahala, u kenye NIC ea bobeli ka NAT kapa mokhoa oa borokho. Haeba u sebelisa Windows joalo ka moamoheli, u kanna ua hloka ho tima li-adapter tse sa sebelisoeng ho thibela [litaba tse sa hlalosoang]. likhohlano tsa marang-rang.

Polokeho le molao: ho ba le kelello ho feta tsohle

Ho khoasolla li-VM ho u bolokela nako, empa ho bolela ho tšepa mang kapa mang ea li entseng. Libakeng tsa molao kapa polokelong ea polokelo e tsebahalang, kotsi e tlase; mehloling e belaetsang, u ka 'na ua kopana le mathata. litšoantšo kapa malwareNetefatsa li-hashes ha li phatlalatsoa 'me u boloke Defender kapa antivirus eo u e ratang e sebetsa ka har'a moeti.

Hopola hore VM e arohane, empa e sebetsa joalo ka lifoldara tse arolelanoang, clipboard, kapa marang-rang a kopantsoeng Li hokela komporong ea hau. Thibela seo u sa se hlokeng, 'me haeba u belaela, sebelisa libaka tse lahliloeng ntle le data e hlokolosi. Ka molao, Linux ha e behe lithibelo leha e le life; bakeng sa Windows, sebelisa litšoantšo tsa tlhahlobo ea molao kapa lilaesense tsa hau, 'me u qobe li-VM tsa mokha oa boraro tse "kentsoeng pele". Ka macOS, EULA e fokotsa ts'ebetso ea eona ho Apple hardwareesita le ho virtualization.

Mofuta oa 1 le Li-hypervisors tsa Mofuta oa 2: Moo E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e Tšoanelang

Li-hypervisors tsa mofuta oa 1 (Bare metal) li-platform tse kang Hyper-V kapa ESXi li sebetsa ka kotloloho ho hardware, li fana ka ts'ebetso e kholo le ho itšehla thajana. Tseo tsa mofuta oa 2 Lisebelisoa tse tsamaisoang joalo ka VirtualBox kapa VMware Workstation li sebetsa ka holim'a sistimi e sebetsang, e li etsang hore e be tse loketseng li-laboratories tsa laptop kapa tsa desktop e nang le mothinya o tlase haholo wa ho kena.

Ho desktop, VirtualBox e fana ka karolo e ke keng ea lekanngoa / karo-karolelano ea theko (ke mahala), ha VMware e khanya ka hare. ho bentsa le tshebetsoHyper-V e tla e kopantsoe le Windows mme e ntle haholo haeba o sebetsa ka har'a Microsoft ecosystem kapa o na le thahasello ea ho tseba "tebello" ntle le litšenyehelo tse ling.

VirtualBox ka bokhutšoanyane: likarolo tse ka u pholosang

VirtualBox e hlahella ka ho ba ea mahala, ea sethala, 'me e na le botlalo bo makatsang. E lumella Kenya/romela kantle ho Oracle CloudNested virtualization (mohlala, KVM ka har'a moeti), mookameli oa faele ea moeti, le boiphihlelo ba ntlafatso ka Keketso ea Baeti.

Ho marang-rang, e tšehetsa NAT, borokho, ba ka hare le ba amohelang feelaHa u le polokelong, u ka sebelisa balaoli SATA, NVMe, SCSI, IDE le SASE khona ho patala li-disks esita le ho kenya mochini oa iSCSI ho fihlella lipehelo tse hole. E boetse e fana ka ho potlakisa 3D, hula le ho theolaUSB, webcam ea sebele, molumo oa HD, ACPI e felletseng, linepe tsa makalaha o ntse o boloka li-identifier le li-API bakeng sa li-automation le lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang.

Likhetho tse ling tse lebisitsoeng ho DevOps

Ho na le litharollo tse thehiloeng ho VM tse etselitsoeng ho potlakisa lipeipi tsa ntlafatso le tikoloho. U tla fumana mechini eo Windows 11 / 10 optimized for programming (SDK, tools, mehlala), dithempleite tsa Windows Server 2019/2022 e nang le Java, .NET, PHP, Python le databases tse kang SQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL kapa MySQL, hammoho le litšoantšo tsa Seva ea Ubuntu / Ubuntu e loketse ho bokella. Ho boetse ho na le li-VM tse nang le Seva ea Azure DevOps e hlophisitsoeng esale pele ho qala lipeipi ka metsotso. Mehato e meng (mohlala, Open-DevLabs kapa "Free DevOps Virtual Machines" e bokellang) e bokella lisebelisoa tsena; kamehla hlahloba dilaesense, download bonnete, le litlhoko tsa Hardware pele o li sebelisa tlhahisong.

Pakeng tsa polokelo ea molao ea Microsoft, Adguard's finder ISO, OSBoxes/VirtualBoxes/SysProbs catalogs, Spanish OVAs ho tsoa descargarmaquinasvirtuales.com, le lisebelisoa tsa TurnKey/Bitnami, u na le Windows ea sejoale-joale, Linux ea hajoale, le lisebelisoa. likopo tse lokiselitsoeng Bakeng sa ho romelloa. Ka ho lokisa RAM / CPU hantle, ho khetha mokhoa o nepahetseng oa marang-rang, le ho sebelisa ts'ireletso e ntle le mekhoa ea ho fana ka tumello, u ka theha tikoloho e tiileng ka metsotsoana ho ithuta, ho hlahloba le ho sebetsa hantle.