Setsi sa eona sa Motheo sa Mehala ke Neuron

Sehlopha sa motheo lisele tsa tsamaiso ea methapo, neuron, ke e ’ngoe ea likarolo tsa motheo bakeng sa ho sebetsa ha boko ba motho. E emela karolo ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahisoleseling le phetisetso tsamaisong ea methapo ea rona, methapo ea kutlo e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho hlahiseng le ho feto-fetoheng ha mehopolo ea rona, maikutlo le liketso. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba ka ho qaqileng sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea yuniti ena e ikhethang ea cellular, e fanang ka pono ea tekheniki le e sa nke lehlakore mabapi le bohlokoa ba eona lefapheng la neuroscience.

Sebopeho sa neuron le likarolo tsa eona

Sebopeho sa neuron ke karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea tsamaiso ea methapo. Neuron ka 'ngoe e na le selotlolo karolo tse phethang karolo e itseng phetisong le tšebetsong ea tlhahisoleseling. ⁢Likarolo tsena li kenyelletsa soma, dendrites, axon ⁤ le synaptic terminal.

Soma, e tsejoang hape e le 'mele oa sele, ke karolo ea mantlha ea neuron mme e na le khubu. E ikarabella bakeng sa ho kopanya le ho sebetsa ha liprotheine tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea neuronal. Li-dendrites li tloha ho soma 'me li amohela matšoao ho tsoa ho li-neuron tse ling. Mekhoa ena ea lisele e eketsa sebaka sa ho kopana, ho lumella lipontšo tse ngata hore li amoheloe ka nako e le 'ngoe.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, axon ke katoloso ea sele e le 'ngoe e fetisang lipontšo tsa motlakase ho tloha soma ho ea ho li-neuron tse ling kapa lisele tsa' mele. Axon e koahetsoe ke lera la myelin, e sebetsang e le insulator ea motlakase 'me e potlakisa lebelo la ho tsamaisa lipontšo. Lipheletso tsa Synaptic ke meaho e ikhethileng e fumanehang qetellong ea axon mme e sebetsa e le lintlha tsa khokahano le li-neurone kapa lisele tse ling. Ka lipheletsong tsena, matšoao a lik'hemik'hale a lokolloa 'me a fetisetsoe ho li-neurone tsa boahelani ho tsoela pele ho phatlalatsa boitsebiso.

Karolo ea axon mosebetsing oa neuronal

Axon ke karolo ea mantlha ea tšebetso ea methapo ea kutlo, kaha e na le boikarabello ba ho fetisetsa tšusumetso ea motlakase e hlahisoang ke li-neurone liseleng tse ling. Ka sebopeho sa eona se ikhethang le se ikhethileng, axon e lumella puisano e sebetsang le e potlakileng lipakeng tsa libaka tse fapaneng tsa tsamaiso ea methapo.

E 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa axon ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho tsamaisa tšusumetso ea motlakase ka bolelele ba eona. Sena se bakoa ke ho ba teng ha lera le nang le polarized haholo le lumellang ho phalla ha li-ion ka litsela tse khethehileng tsa ion. Lebelo la ho tsamaisa methapo ea kutlo haufi le axon le ka fapana ho latela lintlha tse fapaneng, joalo ka bophara ba axon le boteng ba myelin.

Ntle le karolo ea eona ea ho fetisa maikutlo a motlakase, axon e ka boela ea fetola pontšo eo e e fetisang ka ho lokolla li-neurotransmitters ho synapse. Lik'hemik'hale tsena li lokolloa ka lebaka la ho fihla ha methapo ea kutlo sebakeng sa li-axon 'me li na le bokhoni ba ho ama mosebetsi oa lisele tse amohelang li-synapse. Ka tsela ena, axon ha e fetise boitsebiso feela, empa e ka boela ea susumetsa mosebetsi oa lisele tsa boahelani ka ho lokolloa ha li-neurotransmitters tse itseng.

Li-synapses le bohlokoa ba tsona puisanong ea neuronal

Li-synapses ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa puisano pakeng tsa lisele tsa methapo. Maqhama ana a khethehileng a lumella ho fetisoa ha matšoao a motlakase le lik'hemik'hale, e leng ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea tsamaiso ea methapo. Bohlokoa ba bona bo teng tabeng ea hore ba na le boikarabelo ba ho kopanya le ho sebetsana le boitsebiso bokong, ho thusa ho hokahanya ha mesebetsi e sa tšoaneng ea kelello le ea motlakase.

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea li-synapses: lik'hemik'hale le tsa motlakase. Li-synapse tsa lik'hemik'hale ke tsona tse atileng haholo 'me li khetholloa ka ho lokolloa ha li-neurotransmitters, e leng lik'hemik'hale tse fetisang melaetsa pakeng tsa lisele tsa methapo. Sena se hlahisa karabelo seleng e amohelang, e ka ba monate kapa e sitisa tšebetso ea eona. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-synapse tsa motlakase ha li tloaelehe 'me li etsahala ha lisele tsa methapo li hokahane ka ho toba ka likotopo tse bitsoang likheo, e leng ho lumellang motlakase ho phalla ho tloha seleng e 'ngoe ho ea ho e' ngoe.

Puisano ea methapo ka li-synapse ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea tsamaiso ea methapo. Ka lebaka la bona, lipontšo tsa motlakase tse hlahisoang seleng ea methapo li ka ata ’me tsa fetisetsoa liseleng tse ling, e leng ho lumellang hore boitsebiso bo fetele sebakeng se seng sa boko ho ea ho se seng. Sena se bohlokoa bakeng sa khokahano ea likarabo le ts'ebetso ea mesebetsi e phahameng ea kelello, joalo ka ho ithuta, mohopolo, le ho etsa liqeto. Ho feta moo, li-synapse li khona ho ikamahanya le maemo le ho fetola matla a tsona a phetiso, ho lumella polasetiki ea synaptic le ho hlahisa likhokahano tse ncha tsa neural, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele le bokhoni ba ho ithuta ba boko.

Li-dendrites le mosebetsi oa tsona ho amohela matšoao a neuronal

Li-dendrites ke likarolo tsa makala tse teng ka har'a li-neurone, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho amohela lipontšo tsa neuronal ho tsoa liseleng tse ling tsa methapo. Mosebetsi oa bona o ka sehloohong ke ho hapa le ho sebetsana le tlhahisoleseding e fihlang neuron, kahoo e lumella puisano pakeng tsa lisele tse fapaneng tsa tsamaiso ea methapo. Li-dendrite tsena li atoloha ho tloha 'meleng oa neuronal' me li hokahana le lipheletsong tsa li-neuron tse ling, ho theha li-synapses.

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa li-dendrites ke ho amohela le ho fetisa melaetsa ea motlakase le ea lik'hemik'hale ho tsoa ho li-neuron tse ling. Lebaka ke hore li-dendrite li koahetsoe ke li-dendritic spines tse ngata, tse nyenyane tse kang mokokotlo tse eketsang sebaka sa ho kopana le li-synapse tsa boahelani. Mokokotlo o mong le o mong oa dendritic o na le li-receptor tse khonang ho lemoha li-neurotransmitters tse hlahisoang ke lisele tse ling tsa methapo. Ka tsela ena, li-dendrites li ka fumana matšoao a hlasimollang kapa a thibelang, a tla susumetsa phetiso e latelang ea molaetsa oa neuronal.

Mosebetsi o mong oa bohlokoa oa dendrites ke ho kopanya lipontšo. Hobane neuron e ka fumana likhokahano tse ngata ho tsoa ho li-neuron tse ling, li-dendrite li na le bokhoni ba ho akaretsa le ho sebetsana le matšoao ana a kenang. Ka mekhoa ea electrochemical le neuromodulatory, li-dendrite li ka fetola matla a li-synapses, tsa holisa kapa tsa fokotsa lets'oao le amoheloang. Sena se lumella neuron ho etsa qeto ea hore na e fetisetsa tšusumetso ea methapo liseleng tse ling kapa che.

'Mele oa sele ea neuron le ho kenya letsoho ha eona ho kopantseng tlhahisoleseding

El 'Mele oa cellular ea neuron, e tsejoang hape e le soma, ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea lisele tsa methapo e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa ho kopantseng tlhahisoleseling. E fumaneha bohareng ba neuron, 'mele oa sele ke moo khubu le boholo ba li-cell organelles tse lumellang mosebetsi oa eona li fumanoang.

E 'ngoe ea mesebetsi e ka sehloohong ea' mele oa sele ke ho amohela le ho sebetsana le matšoao a motlakase a fihlang ho eona ka li-dendrites, makala a makhutšoane a makala a tlohang 'meleng oa sele. Lipontšo tsena, tse tsejoang e le li-synapse, li na le boitsebiso bo fetisitsoeng ke lisele tse ling tsa methapo. Joale 'mele oa sele o na le boikarabelo ba ho kopanya lipontšo tsena le ho etsa qeto ea hore na li fetisetsoe liseleng tse ling tsa methapo kapa che.

'Mele oa sele o boetse o na le marang-rang a rarahaneng a likhoele tse tsejoang ka hore ke cytoskeleton, e fanang ka tšehetso ea sebopeho bakeng sa neuron. Sena se bohlokoa ka ho khetheha phetisong ea nako e telele ea tšusumetso ea motlakase ka lits'ebetso tsa neuron, joalo ka axon. Ho phaella moo, 'mele oa sele o na le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea li-organelles, tse kang li-endoplasmic reticulum le lisebelisoa tsa Golgi, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho kopanya le ho sebetsana le liprotheine tse hlokahalang hore sele e sebetse.

Ka bokhuts'oane, 'mele oa sele oa neuron o bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho kopantseng litaba tse amoheloang ke sele ea methapo. Ke sebaka seo matšoao a motlakase a sebetsoang ho sona le ho etsa liqeto mabapi le phetiso ea bona e tsoelang pele. Ho feta moo, e fana ka ts'ehetso ea sebopeho ho neuron mme ke setsi sa protheine synthesis e hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea eona e nepahetseng. E le karolo ea motheo ea tsamaiso ea methapo, ho ithuta 'mele oa sele ho re thusa ho utloisisa hamolemo hore na boitsebiso bo sebetsoa joang le ho kopanngoa bokong le tsamaiso ea methapo ka kakaretso.

Karolo ea li-neurotransmitters phetisong ea matšoao a methapo

Li-neurotransmitters ke limolek'hule tsa bohlokoa tse tsamaisang puisano lipakeng tsa methapo ea kutlo tsamaisong ea methapo. Lik'hemik'hale tsena li sebetsa e le manģosa, tse nolofalletsang ho fetisetsa melaetsa ea motlakase le ea lik'hemik'hale pakeng tsa lisele tsa methapo. Ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba tsona, li-neurotransmitters li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa mesebetsing e mengata ea 'mele, ho tloha ho laola maikutlo le kutloisiso ho ea ho laola tšebetso ea mesifa le karabelo ea bohloko.

Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea li-neurotransmitters, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le mesebetsi e itseng. Tse ling tsa li-neurotransmitters tse tsebahalang haholo ke:

• Acetylcholine: Neurotransmitter ena e ameha taolong ea mesifa, ho ithuta, ho hopola le ho laola boroko.
• Dopamine: Dopamine e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho laola maikutlo, tšusumetso, menyaka le moputso.
• Serotonin: neurotransmitter ena e laola maikutlo, takatso ea lijo, boroko le taolo ea bohloko.
• PELE: Asiti ea Gamma-aminobutyric e sebetsa e le ntho e thibelang tšebetso ea methapo ea kutlo, e fokotsa tšebetso ea methapo le ho khothaletsa phomolo.

Phetiso ea matšoao a methapo ea kutlo ka li-neurotransmitters e kenyelletsa letoto le rarahaneng la liketsahalo. Ha neuron e tuka, maqhubu a motlakase a theoha axon ea eona. Ha li fihla ho synapse, li-vesicles tse tletseng li-neurotransmitters li lokolloa ka har'a lekhalo la synaptic. Li-neurotransmitters tsena li tlama ho li-receptor ho postsynaptic neuron, e leng se hlahisang letoto la matšoao a lik'hemik'hale a ka kenyang tšebetsong kapa a thibela sele e amohelang.

Bohlokoa ba myelin ho tsamaise maikutlo a motlakase

Karolo ea mantlha ea myelin ho tsamaiseng maikutlo a motlakase

Myelin ke ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea tsamaiso ea methapo. E sebetsa e le sesebelisoa sa motlakase se koahelang li-axon tsa li-neurone, se tsamaisang phetiso e potlakileng ea tšusumetso ea motlakase. Ts'ebetso ena, e tsejoang e le ho tsamaisa letsoai, e lumella maikutlo hore a tsamaee hantle methapong, e leng ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea 'mele oa motho. Ntle le boteng ba myelin, phetisetso ea litšusumetso tsa motlakase e ne e tla ba butle haholo ebile e sa sebetse hantle.

Bohlokoa ba myelin ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho ntlafatsa lebelo le tataiso ea tšusumetso ea motlakase. Ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona sa lipid, myelin e etsa tšitiso e sitisang tahlehelo ea matla le ho thibela ho lutla ha motlakase. Sena se lumella litšusumetso ho ata ka potlako le ka mokhoa o laolehileng haholoanyane, ka hona ho ntlafatsa phetiso ea tlhahisoleseling lipakeng tsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tsamaiso ea methapo. Ho phaella moo, myelin e kenya letsoho ho sireletsa le ho tsosolosoa ha lisele tsa methapo, ho boloka botšepehi le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea bohareng le ea peripheral.

Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore myelin ha e hlokahale feela bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea motho, empa le bakeng sa liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang le likokoana-hloko tse ngata. Ka lebaka la myelonation, libōpuoa tse phelang li khona ho arabela ka potlako tšusumetsong e ka ntle, li hokahanya metsamao e rarahaneng, le ho sebetsana le boitsebiso ka katleho. Ka bokhutšoanyane, myelin e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tsamaisong e nepahetseng ea tšusumetso ea motlakase, e lumellang ho sebetsa hantle ha tsamaiso ea methapo le ho netefatsa hore 'mele ea rona e sebetsa hantle.

Neuronal plasticity le bohlokoa ba eona ho ho ithuta le ho hopola

Neuronal plasticity ke ntho e tsotehang e bolelang bokhoni ba boko ba ho fetoha le ho ikamahanya le maemo a macha bophelong bohle. Thepa ena ea methapo ea kutlo e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ithuta le mohopolo, kaha e lumella ho theha le ho kopanya likhokahano tse ncha tsa synaptic ho arabela ts'usumetso ea tikoloho.

Ho ithuteng, neuronal plasticity e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho lumella li-neuron ho fetola sebopeho sa tsona le ts'ebetso ea tsona ho latela boiphihlelo. Ka tsela ena, likamano tse ncha li thehoa pakeng tsa li-neurone le tse seng li ntse li le teng lia matlafatsoa, tse thusang ho fumana tsebo le bokhoni. Ho feta moo, polasetiki e boetse e lumella likhokahano tse sa sebetseng hantle hore li felisoe kapa li fokotsehe, e leng sa bohlokoa ho qoba ho tlala ha tlhahisoleseling bokong.

Ha e le ho hopola, polasetiki ea neuronal ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thehoa ha eona le ho boloka boitsebiso ka nako e telele. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya ea mohopolo, li-synapse lia matlafatsoa 'me likamano tse tšoarellang li thehoa pakeng tsa li-neurone tse amehang ho khouto ea boitsebiso. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, polasetiki ea neuronal e lumella ho hlophisoa bocha ha li-circuits tsa neuronal, tse thusang ho hlaphoheloa le ho hopola mehopolo e bolokiloeng pele.

Litlhahiso tsa ho boloka bophelo bo botle le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea methapo ea kutlo

Bophelo bo botle le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea li-neurone tsa rona li bohlokoa molemong oa bophelo ba rona. Ho ba boloka ba le maemong a nepahetseng, ho bohlokoa ho latela likhothaletso tse ntlafatsang bophelo ba bona le ho thibela ho senyeha ha bona.

Ntlha ea bohlokoa ke ho ja lijo tse leka-lekaneng le tse nang le limatlafatsi tse ngata. Ho kenyelletsa lijo tse kang litholoana le meroho, tse nang le li-antioxidants, li ka sireletsa li-neurone tšenyo e bakoang ke li-radicals tsa mahala. Ho feta moo, ho bohlokoa ho ja mafura a phetseng hantle, joalo ka omega-3 fatty acids e fumanoang litlhaping tse kang salmon le tuna, tse thusang puisano le neuronal plasticity.

Ntlha e ’ngoe e lokelang ho nahanoa ke bohlokoa ba ho ikoetlisa kamehla. Ho ikoetlisa ho etsa hore ho lokolloe lik'hemik'hale bokong, tse kang boko-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), e khothalletsang ho hōla le ho phela ha methapo ea kutlo. Ho feta moo, boikoetliso ba 'mele bo ntlafatsa phallo ea mali le phepelo ea oksijene le limatlafatsi liseleng tsa boko, tse khothalletsang bophelo bo botle le mosebetsi oa tsona.

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho bohlokoa ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba kelello le ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo. Khatello ea kelello e sa feleng e ka ba le tšusumetso e mpe ho li-neurone, tse amang bophelo ba tsona le polasetiki. Ho loantša khatello ea maikutlo, ho kgothaletswa ho itloaetsa mekhoa ea ho phomola, e kang ho thuisa kapa yoga. Ho feta moo, boroko bo lekaneng ke ba bohlokoa ho lumella methapo ea kutlo ho lokisa le ho sebetsana le tlhahisoleseling ka nepo. Ho theha mekhoa ea kamehla ea ho robala le ho boloka tikoloho e loketseng ho phomola hantle ke senotlolo sa ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba methapo ea kutlo.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, ho boloka bophelo bo botle le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea li-neurone, ke habohlokoa ho boloka lijo tse leka-lekaneng, ho ikoetlisa kamehla, ho fokotsa khatello ea kelello, le ho hlokomela bophelo bo botle ba kelello. Ka ho latela likhothaletso tsena, re khothaletsa polasetiki ea neuronal, puisano e sebetsang lipakeng tsa lisele tsa boko, le ho thibela mafu a methapo. Ho hlokomela li-neurone tsa rona ke ho hlokomela tsa rona bophelo bo botle le bophelo bo botle ka kakaretso

Tšusumetso ea phepo ho bophelo bo botle ba neuronal

Phepo e na le karolo ea bohlokoa bophelong bo botle ba boko. Lijo tseo re li jang li na le tšusumetso e tobileng ho nts'etsopele le ts'ebetsong ea lisele tsa rona tsa boko. Lijo tse leka-lekaneng, tse nang le limatlafatsi tse ngata li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka boko bo phetseng hantle le ho thibela mafu a neurodegenerative.

Omega-3 fatty acids e molemo haholo bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba boko. Metsoako ena e fumanoa lijong tse kang salmon, peo ea chia le walnuts. Omega-3s ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa lisele tsa boko, tse thusang ho matlafatsa lisele le ho ntlafatsa puisano lipakeng tsa methapo ea kutlo.

Ho feta moo, ho bohlokoa ho etsa bonnete ba hore lijo tsa rona li na le li-antioxidants tse lekaneng. Lintho tsena li sireletsa lisele tsa boko khatellong ea oxidative le tšenyo e bakoang ke li-radicals tsa mahala. Lijo tse kang blueberries, spinach, le broccoli li na le li-antioxidants tse ngata 'me li ka thusa ho thibela ho fokotseha ha kelello ho amanang le botsofali.

Tšusumetso ea khatello ea kelello mosebetsing oa neuronal

Khatello ea maikutlo ke karabelo ea 'mele le ea kelello maemong a nkoang e le a tšosang kapa a phephetsang. Karabelo ena e ka ba le tšusumetso e kholo mosebetsing oa methapo ea kutlo, ea susumetsa libaka tse fapaneng tsa boko le ho fetola ts'ebetso ea tsona.

E 'ngoe ea liphello tsa khatello ea kelello ho li-neuron ke ho lokolloa ha li-hormone tse kang cortisol, tse ka bang le phello e chefo liseleng tsena. Maemo a phahameng a cortisol a ka senya likarolo tsa lisele tsa methapo ea kutlo mme a kena-kenana le puisano ea bona le phetiso ea matšoao. Sena se ka ama mesebetsi ea kelello joalo ka mohopolo le ho ithuta.

Phello e 'ngoe ea khatello ea maikutlo ho li-neuron ke ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko e arabelang ho ruruha. Khatello ea kelello e sa foleng e ka baka karabelo ea nako e telele ea ho ruruha, e ka lebisang tšenyo ea methapo ea kutlo. Ho ruruha ho sa foleng ho ka ama polasetiki ea neuronal hampe, e leng bokhoni ba boko ba ho ikamahanya le maemo le ho fetoha ho arabela liphihlelo tse ncha.

Bohlokoa ba boikoetliso ba 'mele ho khothaletsa bophelo bo botle ba boko

Boikoetliso ba 'mele bo phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng bophelo bo botle ba boko. Ka ho ikoetlisa kamehla, re ka fumana letoto la melemo e tlatsetsang ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea boko le ho fokotsa kotsi ea mafu a neurodegenerative. Ka tlase ke tse ling tsa litlamorao tse ntle tsa boikoetliso ba 'mele ho bophelo bo botle ba boko:

1. E ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea kelello: Boikoetliso ba 'mele bo susumetsa tlhahiso ea lik'hemik'hale bokong tse khothalletsang ho hōla ha lisele tse ncha tsa boko, tse thusang ho ntlafatsa mohopolo, ho tsepamisa mohopolo, ho ithuta le tsebo e meng ea kelello.

2. E fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho: Nakong ea boikoetliso, 'mele o ntša li-endorphin, tse tsejoang e le "lihormone tsa thabo," tse thusang ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho. Sena ha se thuse feela ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello empa hape se na le liphello tse ntle bokong ka ho fokotsa kotsi ea mafu a amanang le khatello ea kelello, a kang ho tepella maikutlong.

3. E eketsa phallo ea mali bokong: Ho ikoetlisa kamehla ho eketsa phallo ea mali bokong, e leng ho ntlafatsang phepelo ea oksijene le limatlafatsi liseleng tsa boko. Sena se matlafatsa likhokahano tsa methapo ea kutlo mme se thusa ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba boko ba nako e telele.

Litlhahiso tsa tlhokomelo ea li-neurone ka mekhahlelo ea botsofali

Ha re ntse re hōla, ho hlokomela li-neurone tsa rona ho ba bohlokoa le ho feta bakeng sa ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba boko. Mona ke litlhahiso tsa ho hlokomela li-neurone tsa rona nakong ena:

1. Boloka lijo tse phetseng hantle: Khetha lijo tse nang le antioxidant, tse kang litholoana le meroho e mebala e khanyang. Lijo tsena li ka thusa ho fokotsa khatello ea oxidative liseleng tsa boko le ho boloka tšebetso e nepahetseng. Ho bohlokoa hape ho kenyelletsa omega-3 fatty acids, joalo ka tse fumanoang tlhapi e mafura, linate le peo, kaha li ka thusa ho ntlafatsa puisano lipakeng tsa methapo ea kutlo.

2. Ikoetlise kamehla: Ho ikoetlisa kamehla ho ka etsa hore mali a phalle bokong, e leng se ka khothalletsang ho hōla le ho phela ha methapo ea kutlo. Ikemisetse ho ikoetlisa bonyane metsotso e 30 letsatsi le leng le le leng, joalo ka ho tsamaea, ho sesa kapa ho palama baesekele.

3. Khothalletsa kelello ea hau: Boloka boko ba hao bo sebetsa ka ho etsa lintho tse phephetsang mohopolo oa hau, tlhokomelo le bokhoni ba ho rarolla mathata. U ka bala, ua rarolla liphasele tsa mantsoe, ua ithuta puo e ncha, kapa ua bapala seletsa sa 'mino. Ho boloka kelello ea hau e sebetsa ho ka thusa ho matlafatsa likamano lipakeng tsa methapo ea kutlo le ho thibela ho fokotseha ha kelello.

Tšusumetso ea boroko le boleng ba ho phomola ts'ebetsong ea methapo ea kutlo

Patlisiso ea mahlale e bonts'itse tšusumetso e kholo eo boroko le boleng ba phomolo li nang le eona ts'ebetsong ea methapo ea kutlo. Ha motho a robetse, boko ba bona bo phetha letoto la mehato ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tšebetso e nepahetseng ea tsamaiso ea methapo. Nakong ea boroko, li-neuron lia tsosolosoa, li-synaptics lia kopanngoa, 'me chefo e bokelloang motšehare e tlosoa.

Phomolo ea boleng bo botle e bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea li-neuronal. Nakong ea boroko bo tebileng, maqhubu a boko aa fokotseha ’me ho lokolloa lihomone tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa tšebetso e nepahetseng ea lisele tsa methapo. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho khothaletsoa ho theoa ha likhokahano tse ncha tsa methapo ea kutlo, e thusang bokhoni ba ho ithuta le ho hopola.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho hloka boroko kapa ho phomola ha boleng bo tlase ho ka ba le litlamorao tse tebileng ts'ebetsong ea methapo ea kutlo. Ka mohlala, ho hlobaela ho sa feleng ho ka etsa hore boko bo fokotsehe le ho fetoha ha tlhahiso ea li-neurotransmitters. Liphetoho tsena li ka iponahatsa ka mathata a ho tsepamisa mohopolo, mathata a ho hopola le ho ferekana maikutlong. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo ho netefatsa phomolo e lekaneng ho boloka bophelo bo botle le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea tsamaiso ea rona ea methapo.

Q&A

Potso: Karolo ea mantlha ea cellular ea neuron ke efe?
Karabo: Setsi sa motheo sa cellular sa neuron ke sele ea methapo, e tsejoang hape e le neuron.

Potso: Neuron e hlalosoa joang?
Karabo: Neuron ke sele e khethehileng ea tsamaiso ea methapo e fetisang boitsebiso ka lipontšo tsa motlakase le tsa lik'hemik'hale.

Potso: Sebopeho sa motheo sa neuron ke sefe?
Karabo: Sebopeho sa motheo sa neuron se kenyelletsa soma kapa 'mele oa sele, o nang le nucleus le organelles tsa bohlokoa. E boetse e na le li-dendrite tsa ho amohela matšoao, axon ea ho romella tlhahisoleseling, le li-terminal tsa synaptic ho hokahana le li-neurone tse ling.

Potso: Mosebetsi oa mantlha oa neuron ke ofe?
Karabo: Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa neuron ke ho sebetsana le ho fetisa boitsebiso ka mokhoa oa tšusumetso ea motlakase le ho lokolloa ha li-neurotransmitters. Sena se lumella puisano le phetiso ea matšoao ho pholletsa le tsamaiso ea methapo.

Potso: Puisano pakeng tsa li-neurone e etsahala joang?
Karabo: Puisano pakeng tsa li-neurone e finyelloa ka li-synapses, e leng likamano tse khethehileng pakeng tsa lipheletso tsa axon tsa neuron e 'ngoe le li-dendrite tsa e' ngoe. Matšoao a electrochemical a fetisoa ka li-neurotransmitters.

Potso: Mefuta e meholo ea li-neurone ke efe?
Karabo: Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea li-neuron ke: li-neuron tsa kutlo, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho fetisetsa boitsebiso ba kutlo ho tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng; motor neurons, e romelang mats'oao ho tsoa tsamaiso ea methapo bohareng ba mesifa kapa litšoelesa; le li-interneuron, tse tsamaisang puisano lipakeng tsa methapo e meng.

Potso: Li-neurone li bolokoa joang botšepehing le tšebetsong e nepahetseng?
Karabo: Botšepehi le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea li-neurone li bolokiloe ka mekhoa e sa tšoaneng. Tsena li kenyelletsa tlhahiso ea myelin, ntho e koahelang li-axon le ho ntlafatsa lebelo la phetiso ea tšusumetso ea motlakase, hammoho le ho leka-lekana ha ionic le taolo ea khatello ea methapo ea kutlo.

Potso: Bohlokoa ba methapo ea kutlo ke bofe?
Karabo: Li-neurons li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong le ts'ebetsong ea mesebetsi eohle ea 'mele. Ba na le boikarabelo ba ho lemoha maikutlo, ho laola likoloi, ho laola mekhoa ea 'mele, le ho kopanya mohopolo, har'a mesebetsi e meng e mengata ea motheo ea tsamaiso ea methapo.

Potso: Ho etsahala'ng ha methapo ea kutlo e senyeha kapa e senyeha?
Karabo: Ha li-neurone li senyeha kapa li senyeha, ho ka ba le mathata a fapaneng a methapo, ho itšetlehile ka sebaka se amehileng. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa ho lahleheloa ke ho sebetsa ha 'mele, ho fokotseha ha matla a kelello, bothata ba ho hopola, ho ferekana maikutlong, kapa mathata a ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo.

Potso: Na li-neurone tse senyehileng li ka inchafatsa?
Karabo: Maemong a mangata, li-neurone tse senyehileng ha li khone ho inchafatsa ka botlalo. Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso tse ling li fana ka maikutlo a hore mefuta e meng ea li-neurone e ka 'na ea e-ba le matla a fokolang a ho tsosolosa tlas'a maemo a itseng. Ena ke sebaka sa boithuto bo tsoelang pele ba mahlale le tsoelopele.

Ka ho hetla morao

Ka bokhutšoanyane, karolo ea mantlha ea lisele tsa tsamaiso ea methapo ea rona, neuron, e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa puisanong le phetisong ea tlhahisoleseling ka har'a boko le 'mele. Sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea eona e khethehileng haholo e lumella ho hlahisa le ho tsamaisa lipontšo tsa motlakase, hammoho le ho lokolloa ha li-neurotransmitters tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa phetiso ea synaptic. Joaloka e 'ngoe ea lisele tse rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa le tse sa tšoaneng, li-neuron li re lumella ho sebetsa, ho boloka, le ho arabela boitsebisong ba kutlo, ho laola tšebetso ea boko ba rona ka kakaretso le boitšoaro. Ha re ntse re ntšetsa pele kutloisiso ea rona ea yuniti ena e matla ea cellular, re atamela haufi le ho manolla liphiri tsa boko ba motho le ho nts'etsapele liphekolo tse sebetsang hantle bakeng sa mafu a methapo ea kutlo le mafu a neurodegenerative. Lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele lefapheng lena li bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo ba rona le ho fallela kutloisisong e feletseng ea tsamaiso ea methapo ka kakaretso.