Mokhoa oa ho etsa potoloho ea motlakase

Lefatše la kajeno leo re phelang ho lona le tsamaisoa ke motlakase, 'me ho utloisisa mokhoa oa ho etsa potoloho ea motlakase ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa motlakase. Hore na o batla ho kena ho tsa elektroniki joalo ka mokhoa oa ho itlosa bolutu kapa o batla ho sebelisa tsebo ea hau bophelong ba hau ba letsatsi le letsatsi, ho bohlokoa ho tseba metheo ea lipotoloho tsa motlakase. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba ka mokhoa oa tekheniki le ho se nke lehlakore mehato e hlokahalang ho rala le ho aha potoloho ea motlakase e sebetsang hantle le e bolokehileng. Ho tloha khetho e nepahetseng ea likarolo ho ea ho foromo e nepahetseng Ka ho li kopanya, re tla ithuta mokhoa oa ho fetola phallo ea motlakase ka liketso tsa konkreite. Itokisetse ho kenella lefatšeng le khahlisang la motlakase le ho theha motheo o tiileng oa ho theha lipotoloho tsa motlakase!

1. Kenyelletso ea potoloho ea motlakase: Ke eng, 'me e sebetsa joang?

Potoloho ea motlakase ke mokhoa o koetsoeng oa likarolo tse lumellang ho potoloha ha motlakase oa motlakase. E entsoe ka mohloli oa matla, joalo ka betri kapa jenereithara, li-conductors tse tsamaisang hona joale, le lisebelisoa tse kang li-resistors, li-capacitor, le li-switches tse laolang ho phalla ha hona joale. Motlakase oa motlakase o phalla ka har'a potoloho ho latela melao ea fisiks, 'me o ka sebelisoa ho matlafatsa lisebelisoa le ho etsa mosebetsi o molemo.

Ho utloisisa hore na potoloho ea motlakase e sebetsa joang, hoa hlokahala ho utloisisa lintlha tse ling tsa mantlha. Motlakase oa motlakase o emeloa ke ho phalla ha lielektrone ka conductor. Tataiso ea hona joale e boleloa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng e le ho tloha palo e ntle ho ea ho palo e mpe, le hoja ha e le hantle li-electrone li tsamaea ka tsela e fapaneng. Tekanyo ea tekanyo ea hajoale ke ampere (A).

E le hore potoloho ea motlakase e sebetse hantle, ke habohlokoa ho latela melao-motheo e meng ea bohlokoa. Ntlha ea pele, hoa hlokahala ho hokahanya likarolo tsohle tsa potoloho hantle, ho etsa bonnete ba hore li-conductor li khomaretsoe ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ho likarolo. Ho bohlokoa hape ho hlompha polarity ea likarolo, ho seng joalo lipotoloho tse khutšoane kapa tšenyo ea likarolo li ka hlaha. Ho feta moo, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko khanyetso ea potoloho, e ka amang palo ea hona joale e phallang ho eona. Ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa li-resistors tse loketseng ho qoba ho jara le ho senya sistimi.

2. Mefuta ea lipotoloho tsa motlakase le likarolo tsa tsona tsa motheo

Lipotoloho tsa motlakase ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea lisebelisoa le litsamaiso tse ngata tseo re li sebelisang bophelong ba rona. bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea li-circuits tsa motlakase tse sebelisetsoang merero e fapaneng. Li-circuits tsa motlakase li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli e meholo: li-circuits le li-circuits tse tšoanang.. Ka potoloho ea letoto, likarolo li hokahane ka mor'a tse ling, e le hore hona joale e phalle ho tsona ka tatellano. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ka potoloho e tšoanang, likarolo li kopantsoe ka tsela eo hona joale e arohaneng pakeng tsa bona 'me e phalla ka nako e le' ngoe.

Likarolo tsa motheo tsa potoloho ea motlakase li kenyelletsa mehloli ea matla, joalo ka libeteri kapa lijenereithara, li-conductors, joalo ka likhoele tsa tšepe kapa lithapo, y ho kenya lisebelisoa, joalo ka li-resistor kapa mabone. Ho phaella ho likarolo tsena tsa motheo, likarolo tse ling tse kang li-switches, fuse, le capacitor li ka boela tsa sebelisoa ho laola ho phalla ha hona joale ho potoloha le ho sireletsa likarolo ho senya.

Ho utloisisa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-circuits le likarolo tsa tsona tsa mantlha ho bohlokoa bakeng sa moralo le ho rarolla mathata a sistimi ea motlakase. Tsebo e ntle ea lipotoloho tsa motlakase le likarolo tsa tsona li ka ba molemo mafapheng a kang elektroniki, motlakase oa bolulo le indasteri, le boenjiniere ba motlakase ka kakaretso. Ho ithuta ho khetholla le ho sekaseka lipotoloho tsa motlakase ho tla u thusa ho utloisisa hore na lisebelisoa tsa motlakase li sebetsa joang le ho rarolla mathata le tsona. ka katleho le bolokehileng.

3. Lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang ho kopanya potoloho ea motlakase

Ho aha potoloho ea motlakase ka katleho, ho bohlokoa ho ba le lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng. Lisebelisoa tsena li tla u lumella ho etsa likhokahano tse hlokahalang ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le e sebetsang hantle. Ka tlase ke lisebelisoa tse ling tsa bohlokoa tseo u tla li hloka:

1. Pliers: Pliers ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho kobeha le ho seha lithapo, hammoho le ho tšoara likarolo ha u ntse u sebetsa potolohong. Etsa bonnete ba hore u na le lisebelisoa tsa nko le lithapo tse sehang ho etsa hore ho sebetsana le likarolo ho be bonolo.

2. Li-Screwdrivers: Li-Screwdrivers lia hlokahala ho lokolla le ho tiisa li-screws tsa likarolo tsa potoloho. Etsa bonnete ba hore u na le sete ea li-screwdriver tse nang le malebela a fapaneng a ho amohela mefuta e fapaneng ea likurufu tseo u tla kopana le tsona.

3. Wire Stripper: Mochine oa terata o tla u lumella ho tlosa sekoahelo sa insulating ho tloha mehala ea motlakase ntle le ho senya li-conductor tsa ka hare. Sena se bohlokoa ho etsa likhokahano ka nepo le ho qoba li-circuits tse khutšoane.

4. Multimeter: Multimeter ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa sa ho hlahloba hona joale, motlakase le ho hanyetsa potolohong. Etsa bonnete ba hore u sebelisa multimeter e loketseng litlhoko tsa hau le hore u tseba ho e sebelisa ka nepo.

5. Aene ea solder: Haeba u hloka ho solder potoloho ea hau, ho ba le tšepe ea solder le thini ke habohlokoa. Etsa bonnete ba hore u na le tšepe ea solder e nang le matla a nepahetseng 'me u latele mehato ea ts'ireletso ha u etsa solder.

Hopola hore ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsena ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le ho lekana. Pele o qala ho bokella potoloho, tloaelana le ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso ea sesebelisoa ka seng. Etsa lipatlisiso 'me u latele likhothaletso tsa moetsi ho netefatsa hore u li sebelisa ka nepo le ho qoba likotsi. Ka lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng, o ka kopanya potoloho ea motlakase ea tsela e sebetsang hantle le bolokehileng.

4. Mehato e fetileng e lokelang ho lateloa pele u haha ​​potoloho ea motlakase

Pele o qala ho haha ​​potoloho ea motlakase, ke habohlokoa ho latela letoto la mehato e fetileng e tla re thusa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea eona e nepahetseng le ho qoba liphoso tse ka khonehang. Mehato e latelang ke e lokelang ho lateloa pele o qala kaho:

1. Hlalosa sepheo sa potoloho: Mohato oa pele ke ho hlaka ka morero oa potoloho ea motlakase e tlang ho hahoa. Sena se tla re lumella ho tseba likarolo tse hlokahalang le likhokahano tse hlokahalang ho fihlela sephetho se lakatsehang.

2. Realizar un diseño preliminar: Hang ha morero oa potoloho o hlakile, ke habohlokoa ho etsa moralo oa pele pampiring kapa ho sebelisa software ea moralo oa potoloho. Moralo ona o tla re lumella ho bona ka mahlo a kelello sebopeho sa likarolo le likhokahano pele re qala ho aha potoloho ea 'mele.

3. Hlahloba lintlha tsa likarolo: Pele o reka likarolo tse hlokahalang bakeng sa potoloho, ho bohlokoa ho hlahloba lintlha tsa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona. Sena se tla re lumella ho etsa bonnete ba hore likarolo li lumellana le tse ling 'me li finyella litlhoko tsa motlakase, tsa hona joale le tsa ho hanyetsa tse hlokahalang bakeng sa potoloho.

Ka ho latela mehato ena e fetileng pele re haha ​​potoloho ea motlakase, re tla itokisetsa ho qoba liphoso tse ka khonehang le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea potoloho ka mekhahlelo eohle ea eona. Hopola hore ho bohlokoa ho ba le lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng le ho latela melao ea ts'ireletso ea motlakase nakong eohle ea kaho ea potoloho. Karolo e latelang e tla qaqisa mehato e lokelang ho lateloa bakeng sa kaho ea 'nete ea potoloho ea motlakase.

5. Mokhoa oa ho etsa setšoantšo sa schematic bakeng sa potoloho ea motlakase

Ho theha setšoantšo sa schematic bakeng sa potoloho ea motlakase, ke habohlokoa ho latela letoto la mehato ea bohlokoa e tla re thusa ho emela ka nepo sebopeho le khokahano ea likarolo tsa potoloho. Ka tlase ke ts'ebetso e qaqileng mohato ka mohato tseo o ka li latelang:

1. Khetholla likarolo tsa motlakase: Pele o qala ho etsa setšoantšo, ho hlokahala hore u khetholle likarolo tsa motlakase tse tla ba karolo ea potoloho. Sena se kenyelletsa lintho tse kang li-resistors, capacitor, inductors, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, li-switches, har'a tse ling.

2. Rala potoloho ea mantlha: Mohato o latelang ke ho hula potoloho e kholo, ke hore, tsela ea motheo eo likarolo li tla kopanngoa ka eona. Ho etsa sena, ho sebelisoa mela le matšoao a tloaelehileng a emelang e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea likarolo tse neng li tsejoa pele. U ka fumana lithupelo inthaneteng ka mehlala ea matšoao a tloaelehileng a motlakase.

3. Kopanya likaroloana: Hang ha u se u e-na le potoloho e kholo, ke nako ea ho hokahanya likarolo tsa motlakase hammoho. Sena se kenyelletsa ho sebelisa mela ho emela likhoele le matšoao a likarolo tse hokelang ho latela likhokahano tsa tsona tsa 'nete. Mona ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore khokahanyo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tlameha ho nepahala le ho latela litlhaloso tsa potoloho ea 'mele eo u e qapang.

6. Kopano ea potoloho: ho hokahanya ha likarolo le lithapo

Kopano ea potoloho ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea khokahano ea likarolo le ts'ebetso ea wiring. Ho finyella katleho ea ho kenya, ke habohlokoa ho latela tatellano ea mekhoa le ho ela hloko litlhaloso tsa karolo ka 'ngoe. Mona re fana ka tataiso ea mohato ka mohato e le hore u ka etsa mosebetsi ona ka katleho:

1. Hlophisa lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tsa hau: Pele u qala ho kopanya, etsa bonnete ba hore u na le lisebelisoa tsohle tse hlokahalang, tse kang li-screwdrivers, li-pliers, li-cable cutters, tšepe ea soldering, joalo-joalo. Ho bohlokoa hape ho ba le likarolo le likhoele tse hlokahalang bakeng sa potoloho letsohong. Hlophisa ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe sebakeng se hloekileng le se hlophisehileng, ho qoba mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa tšitiso.

2. Hlalosa likarolo tsa potoloho: Pele u qala ho kenya mohala, itloaetse karolo ka 'ngoe ea potoloho. Netefatsa hore li na le bokhoni bo loketseng le likarolo tsa sesebelisoa seo u batlang ho se etsa. Sheba leqephe la lintlha tsa tekheniki bakeng sa karolo ka 'ngoe ho netefatsa sebaka se nepahetseng le khokahano.

3. Kopanya likarolo: Qala ka karolo e kholo, ka kakaretso microcontroller kapa motherboard. Latela litaelo tsa moetsi ho hokahanya likhoele hantle le likarolo ho likoung tsa bona tse fapaneng. Sebelisa tšepe ea solder le solder ho netefatsa hore likhokahano li tiile ebile lia tšoarella. Hopola hore khokahano e nepahetseng ea likarolo ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea potoloho.

Ka ho latela mehato ena le ho ela hloko litlhaloso le litlhahiso tsa karolo ka 'ngoe, u tla khona ho phethahatsa kopano ea potoloho ka katleho le ka katleho. Kamehla hopola ho latela melao ea polokeho le ho buisana le lithupelo kapa mehlala haeba u kopana le mathata kapa lipotso nakong ea ts'ebetso. Ka mamello le tlhokomelo, u tla fumana khokahanyo e babatsehang le wiring bakeng sa potoloho ea hau.

7. Mekhoa ea ho kopanya ka mokhoa o nepahetseng likarolo tsa potoloho ea motlakase

Ho netefatsa kopano e nepahetseng le e tšoarellang ea likarolo tsa potoloho ea motlakase, ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea solder. Ka tlase ke mehato e meng ea bohlokoa ho u thusa ho fumana motsoako o matla le o tšepahalang:

1. Tokiso ea bokaholimo: Pele o qala, ho bohlokoa ho hloekisa le ho lokisa bokaholimo ba likarolo tse tla kopanngoa. Sena se kenyelletsa ho tlosa mafome, mafome kapa litšila tse ka 'nang tsa etsa hore ho be thata ho cheselletsa. Ho khothaletsoa ho sebelisa sehloeki se ikhethileng bakeng sa lipotoloho tsa elektroniki le borashe bo bonolo ba bristle ho tlosa litšila ka bonolo.

2. Ho khetha tšepe e nepahetseng ea solder: Ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa tšepe ea boleng bo botle le ho e beha mocheso o nepahetseng. Ka kakaretso, tšepe e sollang e nang le matla a bonyane li-watts tse 30 le ntlha e tšesaane e hloekileng e buelloa. Ho phaella moo, ke habohlokoa ho fetola mocheso oa tšepe ea soldering ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa soldering le likarolo tse lokelang ho kopanngoa. Kamehla latela litlhahiso tsa moetsi 'me u qobe litšepe tsa solder tse chesang haholo, kaha li ka senya likarolo.

3. Tin soldering: Mokhoa o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa oa ho kopanya likarolo tsa potoloho ea motlakase ke ka ho kopanya thini. Ho qala, futhumatsa tšepe ea soldering 'me u sebelise solder e itseng ntlheng. Ka mor'a moo, beha ntlha ea tšepe ea soldering holim'a motsoako oa likarolo ebe u sebelisa solder e nyenyane sebakeng seo. Etsa bonnete ba hore thini e qhibilihile 'me e ajoa ka ho lekana, ho theha khokahanyo e tiileng. Qetellong, lumella solder hore e pholile 'me e tiise pele u sebetsana le likarolo.

Ka ho latela mehato ena le ho ela hloko litemoso tse hlokahalang, u tla khona ho kopanya likarolo tsa potoloho ea hau ea motlakase ka katleho le ka botšepehi. Kamehla hopola ho sebetsa sebakeng se nang le moea o motle le ho nka mehato e loketseng ea tšireletso, e kang ho roala likhalase tse sireletsang le liatlana. Mahlohonolo ka projeke ea hau ea welding!

8. Tlhahlobo le tokiso ea ho hlōleha ho ka khonehang ho potoloha motlakase

La Ke ts'ebetso ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea lisebelisoa tsa motlakase. Ka tlase ke mehato e lokelang ho lateloa ho tseba le ho rarolla bothata bofe kapa bofe ba potoloho ea motlakase:

1. Tlhahlobo ea pono: Qala ka ho etsa tlhahlobo ea pono ea potoloho eohle ea motlakase bakeng sa tšenyo e ka bang teng, joalo ka lithapo tse hlephileng, likhokahano tse chesitsoeng, kapa likarolo tse cheleng. Hape hlahloba li-switches le li-fuse bakeng sa matšoao leha e le afe a ho se sebetse hantle.

2. Liteko tsa ho tsoela pele: Sebelisa multimeter ho etsa liteko tsa ho tsoela pele ho lithapo le likhokahano tsa potoloho ea motlakase. Sena se tla u thusa ho lemoha litšitiso tse ka bang teng phallong ea hona joale. Etsa bonnete ba hore u latela mehato eohle ea tšireletso 'me u tima motlakase pele u etsa liteko tsena.

3. Ho fetola likarolo tse nang le bokooa: Haeba u tseba karolo leha e le efe e nang le phoso nakong ea tlhahlobo kapa tlhahlobo ea morao-rao, ho bohlokoa ho e nkela sebaka ka e ncha. Etsa bonnete ba hore u reka karolo e nepahetseng eo ue hlokang 'me u latele litaelo tsa moetsi bakeng sa ho kenya.

Hopola hore ho sebetsa ka lipotoloho tsa motlakase ho ka ba kotsi, kahoo kamehla ho eletsoa ho ba le thuso ea setsebi se koetlisitsoeng. Haeba u se na phihlelo kapa kholiseho tsebong ea hau, ho molemo ho batla thuso ho setsebi sa motlakase se tiisitsoeng. Ho bohlokoa ho nka mehato e nepahetseng ea tšireletso ho qoba likotsi le ho thibela likotsi.

9. Mokhoa oa ho etsa liteko le litekanyo ho potoloho ea motlakase

Ho etsa liteko le litekanyo ho potoloho ea motlakase ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea eona e nepahetseng le ho lemoha liphoso tse ka bang teng. Ka tlase ke mehato e hlokahalang ho etsa liteko tsena. ka katleho:

1. Litokisetso: Pele o qala tlhahlobo, ho bohlokoa ho etsa bonnete ba hore likhokahano tsohle li bolokehile le hore potoloho e khaotsoe mohloling oa matla. Ho feta moo, ho bohlokoa ho ba le lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng, joalo ka multimeter le litefo tsa liteko.

2. Teko ea ho tsoela pele: Teko ea pele e ka etsoang ke teko ea ho tsoela pele, e netefatsang hore na ho na le phallo e tsoelang pele ea motlakase potolohong. Ho etsa sena, sebelisa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea multimeter 'me u behe lintlha tsa tlhahlobo lintlheng tseo u batlang ho li hlahloba. Haeba multimeter e lla kapa e bontša ho bala haufi le zero, ho bolela hore ho na le tsoelo-pele potolohong.

3. Tekanyo ea Resistant le voltage: Teko e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ke ho lekanya ho hanyetsa le motlakase likarolong tse fapaneng tsa potoloho. Ho lekanya ho hanyetsa, khetha sekala se loketseng ho multimeter mme u behe e 'ngoe ea litemoso tsa liteko qetellong e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea karolo kapa mohala o lokelang ho lekanyetsoa. Ho bala ho multimeter ho tla bontša bohlokoa ba khanyetso. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho lekanya motlakase, sekala se loketseng se khethiloe 'me e' ngoe ea litekanyetso tsa teko e behoa moo u batlang ho lekanya motlakase le ho etella pele sebakeng sa boitsebiso kapa fatše. Ho bala ho multimeter ho tla bontša boleng ba motlakase sebakeng seo ho potoloho.

10. Tšireletseho ea motlakase: mehato e lokelang ho nkoa ka hloko nakong eohle ea ts'ebetso

Tšireletseho ea motlakase e bohlokoa haholo morerong ofe kapa ofe kapa tšebetsong e amanang le motlakase. Ka tlase ke letoto la litemoso tse lokelang ho hlokomeloa ka linako tsohle ho fokotsa likotsi le ho netefatsa polokeho ea batho ba amehang.

Pele ho tsohle, ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore mochini oohle oa motlakase o entsoe ka nepo mme o latela melao ea hajoale ea polokeho. Ho bohlokoa ho latela litaelo le likhothaletso tsa baetsi ba likarolo tsa motlakase, joalo ka li-switches, li-plug le likhoele.

Ho feta moo, hoa hlokahala ho sebelisa lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng ho qoba likotsi tsa motlakase. Ha u sebetsa ka motlakase, ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa liatlana tse sirelelitsoeng, likhalase tse sireletsang le liaparo tse loketseng tse sa cheng. Ho boetse ho kgothaletswa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nang le li-handles tse nang le li-insulated le ho hlahloba boemo ba tsona pele u li sebelisa.

11. Ts'ebetso ea potoloho: malebela a ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea eona le katleho

Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le katleho ea potoloho, ho bohlokoa ho latela letoto la malebela le mekhoa e metle. Pele ho tsohle, ho bohlokoa ho etsa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea potoloho ho bona mathata a ka bang teng kapa libaka tse ka ntlafatsoang. Sena se ka kenyelletsa ho hlahloba likhokahano le likarolo, hammoho le ho netefatsa hore likarolo tse nepahetseng li sebelisoa bakeng sa mosebetsi ka mong.

Hang ha mathata a ka bang teng a se a khethiloe, mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho ntlafatsa e ka sebelisoa. Khothatso e le 'ngoe ke ho fokotsa bolelele ba likhoele tsa koporo le mesaletsa ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa le ho thibela. Ho phaella moo, ke habohlokoa ho qoba ho sebelisa likarolo tse sa hlokahaleng kapa tse sa hlokahaleng kaha sena se ka ama ts'ebetso ea kakaretso ea potoloho.

Leano le leng la bohlokoa ke ho sebelisa moralo o thusoang ke khomphutha (CAD) le lisebelisoa tsa ketsiso ho etsa mohlala le ho lekola potoloho pele o e kenya tšebetsong. Lisebelisoa tsena li u lumella ho etsisa boitšoaro ba potoloho, ho etsa tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso, le ho etsa liphetoho pele ho kaho ea 'mele. Ho bohlokoa hape ho nahana ka lintho tse kang mocheso, motlakase oa phepelo, le mamello ea likarolo ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea nako e telele.

12. Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang tsa li-circuits tsa motlakase le ts'ebeliso ea tsona e mengata

Lefats'eng Li-circuits tsa sejoale-joale tsa motlakase li na le mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso le ts'ebeliso indastering le makaleng a fapaneng. Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo le ho feto-fetoha ha lipotoloho tsa motlakase ho li etsa sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele ea tharollo ea tekheniki le litsamaiso tsa taolo. Ka tlase re tla hlahisa tse ling tsa lits'ebetso tse atileng haholo tsa lipotoloho tsa motlakase le hore na li sebelisoa joang bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi.

1. Consumer electronics: Li-circuits tsa motlakase li bohlokoa lisebelisoeng tsa elektronike tseo re li sebelisang letsatsi le letsatsi, tse kang lithelefono tsa cellular, lik’homphieutha, lithelevishene, libapali tsa ’mino le lisebelisoa tsa ka tlung. Lisebelisoa tsena li na le lipotoloho tse rarahaneng tse lumellang ho fetola matla a motlakase mefuteng e fapaneng ea matla, joalo ka molumo, khanya kapa motsamao. Ho phaella moo, lipotoloho li boetse li laola mesebetsi le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa lisebelisoa tsena, tse kang ho fetola molumo, mabone kapa ho hokahanya. ka lisebelisoa tse ling.

2. Boiketsetso ba indasteri: Lipotoloho tsa motlakase li sebelisoa haholo indastering ho laola le ho iketsetsa mekhoa ea tlhahiso. Litsamaiso tsa ho laola tse thehiloeng ho lipotoloho tsa motlakase li lumella ho shebella le ho laola lintho tse fapaneng tse kang mocheso, khatello, lebelo le boemo ba mechine le lisebelisoa. Li-circuits tsena li ka kenyelletsa li-sensor, li-actuator le balaoli ba buisanang ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e ntle le e bolokehileng ea lits'ebetso tsa indasteri.

3. Matla a tsosolositsoeng: Lipotoloho tsa motlakase le tsona li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tabeng ea ho hapa le ho ajoa ha matla a ka nchafatsoang, a kang letsatsi le moea. Lits'ebetsong tsa photovoltaic, li-circuits li sebelisetsoa ho fetolela matla a letsatsi hore e be motlakase o ka sebelisoang le ho laola ho tjhaja le ho ntša libeteri. Litsamaisong tsa moea, li-circuits li laola tšebetso le kabo ea matla a hlahisoang ke li-turbine tsa moea. Ntle le moo, li-circuits tsa elektroniki le tsona li ka sebelisoa ho beha leihlo le ho laola ts'ebetso ea matla a litsamaiso tsena.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, lipotoloho tsa motlakase li na le mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso e sebetsang bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, ho tloha ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki ho isa ho li-automation system tsa indasteri le tlhahiso ea matla e nchafalitsoeng. Ho feto-fetoha ha bona le ho feto-fetoha ha bona ho li etsa sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele ea tharollo ea tekheniki le litsamaiso tsa taolo. Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea potoloho ea motlakase e tsoela pele ho khanna mekhoa e mecha le ho bula menyetla e mecha le e thahasellisang likarolong tse fapaneng.

13. Tharollo ea mathata a tloaelehileng lipotolohong tsa motlakase

Sehloohong sena, re tla fana ka tharollo e tloaelehileng bakeng sa mathata a ka hlahang lipotolohong tsa motlakase. Haeba u na le bothata ka potoloho ea hau ea motlakase, latela mehato ena ho fumana tharollo:

1. Hlahloba likhokahano: Sesosa se atileng haholo sa mathata lipotolohong tsa motlakase ke likhokahano tse hlephileng kapa tse jeoang. Qala ka ho hlahloba likhokahano tsohle tsa potoloho 'me u netefatse hore li tiile ebile li hloekile. Haeba u fumana likhokahano tse hlephileng kapa tse jeoang, tima motlakase pele u leka ho li lokisa. Khokahano e nepahetseng ea likhoele ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea potoloho ea motlakase.

2. Sheba li-switches: Haeba motlakase o khaoha sebakeng se itseng sa lehae kapa ofising ea hau, hlahloba hore na switch e tsamaisanang le eona e maemong a nepahetseng. Fumana sesebelisoa se nepahetseng holim'a phanele ea ho senya 'me u netefatse hore e buletsoe. Haeba seqhetso se theohile, leka ho se tsosolosa ka ho se sutumetsa ho ea fihla "ho" boemo.

3. Etsa liteko tsa ho tsoelapele: Haeba u hlahlobile likhokahano le li-switches 'me ho ntse ho e-na le bothata potolohong ea hau ea motlakase, ho ka' na ha hlokahala hore u etse liteko tsa ho tsoela pele ho fumana liphoso leha e le life tsa lithapo kapa likaroloana. Sebelisa multimeter ho lekanya tsoelo-pele ho potoloha potoloho le ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho na le conductivity likarolong tsohle tse hlokahalang. Haeba u fumana khaello ea ho tsoela pele, u ka nka sebaka sa karolo e fosahetseng kapa ua lokisa mohala o senyehileng. Liteko tse tsoelang pele li bohlokoa ho fumana le ho rarolla mathata potolohong ea motlakase.

Hopola, kamehla ho bohlokoa ho nka mehato ea ts'ireletso ha u sebetsa le lipotoloho tsa motlakase. Pele o etsa tokiso efe kapa efe, etsa bonnete ba hore o tima motlakase mme o sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng. Haeba u sa phutholoha ho iketsetsa litokiso, u se ke ua tsilatsila ho letsetsa setsebi sa motlakase ho u thusa.

14. Tlhokomelo e nepahetseng le tlhokomelo ea potoloho ea motlakase ho lelefatsa bophelo ba eona ba bohlokoa

Tlhokomelo e nepahetseng le tlhokomelo ea potoloho ea motlakase ke ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore e sebetsa hantle le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba eona ba bohlokoa. Ka tlase ho na le litataiso le likhothaletso tsa bohlokoa tsa ho etsa mosebetsi ona. ka katleho:

• Nako le nako hlahloba: Ho bohlokoa ho etsa tlhahlobo ea khafetsa ea potoloho ea motlakase ho bona mathata a ka bang teng kapa ho senyeha. Sena se kenyeletsa ho hlahloba likhokahano, lithapo, li-switches le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase. Haeba lintho li fumanoa li senyehile kapa li le boemong bo bobe, li tlameha ho nkeloa sebaka hang-hang.
• Ho hlwekisa kamehla: Ho boloka potoloho ea motlakase e hloekile ebile e se na lerōle le litšila ho bohlokoa ho thibela lipotoloho tse khutšoane. Sebelisa lesela le omeletseng kapa le mongobo hanyenyane ho hloekisa likarolo tsa motlakase, ho qoba tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale tse senyang kapa metsi a ka li senyang.
• Tšireletso ea mojaro o feteletseng: Ho kenya li-surgery tse nepahetseng le li-fuse ho ka thusa ho sireletsa potoloho ea motlakase ho tloha ho overload le li-circuits tse khutšoanyane. Lisebelisoa tsena li sebetsa e le "li-fuse" tse senyang ha hona joale li feta boemo bo sireletsehileng, ho thibela tšenyo e eketsehileng tsamaisong.

Ntle le litataiso tsena tse akaretsang, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhokomelo e sebetsang ea potoloho ea motlakase:

• Se ke oa kenya potoloho e ngata haholo: Qoba ho hokahanya lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa motlakase kapa lisebelisoa sebakeng se le seng, kaha sena se ka imetsa potoloho 'me sa baka mathata a tebileng. Abela mojaro oa motlakase holim'a libaka tse 'maloa kapa nahana ka ho kenya li-circuits tse eketsehileng ha ho hlokahala.
• Rarolla mathata hanghang: Haeba u hlokomela lintho tse sa tloaelehang tšebetsong ea potoloho ea motlakase, joalo ka mabone a panyang kapa li-fuse tse fehloang khafetsa, u se ke ua iphapanyetsa eona. Tsena e ka 'na ea e-ba matšoao a mathata a tebileng haholoanyane 'me ho bohlokoa ho a rarolla hang-hang.
• Ho hira litšebeletso tsa litsebi: Haeba u se na tsebo e hlokahalang ea tekheniki, ho bohlokoa ho hira setsebi sa motlakase ho etsa tlhahlobo ea nako le nako le tlhokomelo ea potoloho ea motlakase. Ba na le boiphihlelo le lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa ho etsa mesebetsi ena ka polokeho le ka nepo.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, ho ithuta ho etsa potoloho ea motlakase ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa le ho sebelisa melao-motheo ea motlakase. Sehloohong sena, re hlahlobile lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa potoloho, ho kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, li-conductor, likarolo le likhokahano. Re boetse re hlahlobile mefuta e fapaneng ea li-circuits le litataiso tsa polokeho tse lokelang ho lateloa ha u sebetsa ka motlakase.

Hopola ho etsa moralo o qaqileng pele o qala ho haha ​​potoloho ea hau, ho khetholla likarolo tse hlokahalang le ho etsa setšoantšo. Etsa bonnete ba hore u sebelisa thepa le lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng, 'me u latele litaelo tse fanoeng ke bahlahisi.

Haeba u batla merero e tsoetseng pele haholoanyane, u ka hlahloba lipotoloho tse rarahaneng, tse kang li-circuits tse tšoanang kapa tsa letoto. Ho feta moo, o ka lula o etsa lipatlisiso le ho fumana tsebo e eketsehileng mabapi le mefuta e fapaneng ea likarolo tsa elektroniki, joalo ka li-resistors, capacitor, inductors, le transistors, ho holisa tsebo ea hau ea ho aha lipotoloho tsa motlakase.

Hape hopola ho lula u hopola polokeho ha u sebetsa ka motlakase. Tima motlakase pele u tšoara likaroloana, 'me u sebelise liatlana le likhalase tse sireletsang ha ho hlokahala. Kamehla ho eletsoa hore ho be le motho e moholo kapa ea profeshenale tlhokomelo haeba ho hlaha lipotso kapa mathata.

Re tšepa hore sengoloa sena se u file tsebo eo u e hlokang ho qala ho iketsetsa lipotoloho tsa motlakase. Joale ke nako ea ho tlohella boqapi ba hau ho fofa le ho hlahloba menyetla e sa feleng eo lefatše la motlakase le fanang ka eona!