Mokhoa oa ho sireletsa litokomane tsa hau tse hlokolosi ka encryption ea BitLocker ho Windows

La ts'ireletso ea data E bohlokoa ho feta leha e le neng pele mehleng ea digital, moo lisebelisoa li tsamaeang le rona 'me li ka oela habonolo matsohong a fosahetseng. Bitlocker Ke a Karolo ena e ka etsa phapang lipakeng tsa ho lahleheloa ke laptop le ho lahleheloa ke tlhahisoleseling eohle e hlokolosi ho eona. Empa ha e le hantle BitLocker ke eng, ke ea eng, 'me ke e kenya joang?

Hore na o sebelisa Windows bakeng sa mosebetsi, sekolo, kapa ts'ebeliso ea letsatsi le letsatsi, ho tseba ho sebelisa encryption ea BitLocker ho ka u bolokela mathata a mangata. Re tla hlalosa ka botlalo hore na e sebetsa joang, hore na u hloka eng ho e kenya tšebetsong, le mokhoa oa ho e laola.

BitLocker ke eng mme ke hobane'ng ha u lokela ho nahana ka ho e nolofalletsa?

BitLocker ke eona disk encryption tharollo e ntlafalitsoeng ke Microsoft mme e kenyelelitsoe lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa Windows. Mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong ke ho thibela phihlello e sa lumelloeng ea data ho hard drive, ebang ke sistimi ea drive, li-drive tsa bobeli, kapa lisebelisoa tse kantle.

Mohopolo o bonolo: Lintlha tsohle tse ho drive li patiloe ho sebelisoa algorithm e matla, hangata AES (Tekanyetso e tsoetseng pele ea ho patala), mme e ka hlakoloa feela ke motho ea nang le senotlolo se nepahetseng kapa ea fihlelang litlhokahalo tse netefalitsoeng tsa netefatso. Haeba motho a leka ho fumana disk ho tsoa khomphuteng e 'ngoe kapa ho ntša boitsebiso ka ho toba, o tla kopana le mokoallo o ke keng oa hlōloa.

Hobaneng u sebelisa BitLocker? Sebelisa linyeoe le likotsi tse qojoang

BitLocker e sireletsa ka ho khetheha likotsing tse peli tse atileng haholo: Ho utsuoa kapa ho lahleheloa ke komporo ea hau, le ho lahla kapa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa polokelo hape. Haeba laptop ea hau e lahlehile ha u ntse u le leetong, u utsuoa mosebetsing, kapa u lahliloe ntle le ho hlakola drive, lifaele tsa hau li tla lula li bolokehile ha feela BitLocker e ntse e sebetsa 'me u tsamaisitse linotlolo tsa hau hantle.

Hape, Encryption e bohlokoa ho latela melaoana ea ts'ireletso ea data, maemong a Europe (joalo ka GDPR) le makaleng a laoloang (tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, thuto, jj.) moo ho boloka lekunutu ho leng bohlokoa. Eseng feela bakeng sa likhoebo: mosebelisi e mong le e mong ea batlang ho sireletsa linepe tsa hae, litokomane tsa banka, kapa lifaele tse hlokolosi o lokela ho nahana ka tšireletso ena e eketsehileng.

Kamoo BitLocker e Sebetsang Kateng: Theknoloji, Mekhoa, le Bopaki

BitLocker e sebetsa AES encryption ka mokhoa oa XTS kapa oa CBC, ka 128 kapa 256-bit linotlolo ho itšetlehile ka tlhophisoTekanyetso ena e nkoa e sireletsehile haholo ebile e tšehetsoa ke mekhatlo ea machaba, ho netefatsa hore data e ke ke ea baloa ntle le senotlolo se nepahetseng, esita le haeba mohlaseli a e-na le phihlelo ea 'mele ho disk.

Ho na le mekhoa e 'maloa ea ho notlolla encryption:

• TPM (Trusted Platform Module): chip e kentsoeng komporong e bolokang linotlolo tsa encryption ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le e netefatsang hore sistimi ha e so senyehe.
• PIN qalong: Ho eketsoa password eo mosebelisi a tlamehang ho e kenya nako le nako ha komporo e qala.
• Sesebelisoa sa USB joalo ka senotlolo sa ho qalisa: Sistimi e notleloa feela haeba USB e nang le senotlolo se hlokahalang e hokahane pele.
• Password ea setso: Bakeng sa li-drive tsa kantle kapa li-disk tsa bobeli, ho ka sebelisoa password e matla.

Monyetla o moholo oa ho sebelisa BitLocker le TPM ke hore, ntle le boiketlo, E boetse e sireletsa khahlanong le litlhaselo tsa boot le ho qhekella 'meleng. Leha ho le joalo, lik'homphieutha tse se nang TPM, BitLocker e ntse e ka sebetsa, empa e hloka tlhophiso e eketsehileng 'me ha e fane ka tšireletso e tšoanang khahlanong le liphetoho tsa boot.

Litlhoko tsa ho sebelisa BitLocker: hardware, Windows edition, le partitions

Ho nka monyetla ka botlalo ho BitLocker, Khomphuta e tlameha ho fihlela litlhoko tse itseng tse fapaneng ho latela mofuta oa encryption le mofuta oa Windows.

• Khatiso ea Windows: BitLocker e fumaneha ho Windows 11 le mefuta ea 10 ea Pro, Enterprise, le Education, hammoho le Pro le likhatiso tse phahameng tsa Windows 8.1 le Windows 7. Likhatiso tsa lapeng li kenyelletsa feela seo ho thoeng ke "encryption ea sesebelisoa," e fokolang haholoanyane.
• TPM mofuta oa 1.2 kapa ho feta: E ea hlokahala bakeng sa encryption ea othomathike le ho hlahloba botšepehi ba sistimi. Lik'homphieutheng tse se nang TPM, ho ka sebelisoa senotlolo sa ho qala ka USB kapa password, le hoja sena se sa sireletseha hakaalo.
• Firmware e tšehelitsoeng: UEFI kapa BIOS e tlameha ho tšehetsa TCG 'me, tabeng ea TPM 2.0, e hloka UEFI boot mode 'me CSM e holofatsoe.
• Li-partitions tsa disk: Disk e tlameha ho aroloa bonyane ka drive e le 'ngoe (moo Windows boots) le drive e le' ngoe ea sistimi e sebetsang. Ea pele hangata ke FAT32 ho UEFI le NTFS ho BIOS.

Pele o kenya BitLocker, ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore komporo ea hau e fihlela litlhoko tsena. U ka etsa sena ka ho batla "Lintlha tsa Sisteme" ho Windows le ho sheba karolo ea "Sesebelisoa sa Ts'ehetso ea Encryption".

Mokhoa oa ho kenya BitLocker mohato ka mohato

Ho tsoa ho sebopeho sa setšoantšo

1. Fumana "Panel Control" 'me u ee ho "System le Security".
2. Tobetsa "BitLocker Drive Encryption."
3. Khetha drive eo u batlang ho e patala ebe u khetha "Bulela BitLocker."
4. Khetha mokhoa oa ho notlolla: o sebelisa TPM, password, PIN, kapa USB joalo ka senotlolo sa ho qala.
5. Khetha moo u ka bolokang senotlolo sa hau sa ho hlaphoheloa: ho akhaonto ea hau ea Microsoft, thupeng ea USB, faele ea ka ntle, kapa e hatisitsoeng pampiring.
6. Etsa qeto ea hore na u batla ho patala feela sebaka se sebelisoang kapa disk kaofela. Khetho ea ho qetela e lieha empa e sireletsehile haholoanyane ho li-disk tse sebelisitsoeng.
7. Kgetha mofuta wa encryption: e ntjha (XTS-AES) e kgothaletswang bakeng sa dikhomphutha tsa jwale, kapa e tsamaellanang (CBC) haeba o isa drive ho ya dikhomphutha tsa kgale.
8. Sheba lebokose la "Run BitLocker system check" ho netefatsa hore tsohle li nepahetse.
9. Qala komporo ea hau bocha; encryption tla qala ka mor'a hore restart.

Ka kopo hlokomela hore ts'ebetso e ka nka metsotso e 20 ho isa ho lihora tse 'maloa ho latela boholo le ts'ebeliso ea yuniti. U ka tsoela pele ho sebelisa k'homphieutha, empa ho kgothaletswa hore o se ke wa etsa mesebetsi e boima ho fihlela o qetile.

Ho tloha molaong oa taelo

Bakeng sa basebelisi ba tsoetseng pele, hoa khonahala ho nolofalletsa BitLocker le ho laola likhetho tsa eona ho tsoa ho taelo ea taelo u sebelisa taelo manage-bde. Mohlala:

• manage-bde -on C: -RecoveryPassword ho bulela BitLocker ho drive C ebe o seta senotlolo sa ho hlaphoheloa.
• manage-bde -status ho lekola boemo ba encryption ho li-drive tsohle.

Sena se bohlokoa bakeng sa ho iketsetsa tlhophiso ho likhomphutha tse ngata, tse loketseng tikolohong ea likhoebo.

Tlhokomelo ea Bohlokoa ka ho Fetisisa: Lintho tsa Bohlokoa ka ho Fetisisa tseo U Lokelang ho li Tseba

Sehokelo sa bohlokoahali ho encryption ea BitLocker ke senotlolo sa ho hlaphoheloa. Ntle le eona, ha ho na mokhoa oa ho khutlisa data ea hau haeba u lebala phasewete ea hau, u lahleheloa ke PIN, kapa sistimi e lemoha liphetoho tse belaetsang (mohlala, kamora phetoho e kholo ea hardware). Pele o qeta ho seta, Windows e tla hloka hore u boloke senotlolo sena sa ho hlaphoheloa. U na le likhetho tse 'maloa:

• Ak'haonte ea Microsoft: E amahanngoa ka tsela e iketsang kapa ka letsoho, e lumella hore e fumanehe ho sesebelisoa leha e le sefe ka ho kena.
• E hatise kapa u e boloke ho USB/faele ea kantle: Etsa bonnete ba hore ha u e tlohelle e le pepeneneng kapa k'homphieutheng ka boeona, ho thibela mang kapa mang ea fumanang monyetla oa ho sebelisa sesebelisoa hore a se ke a utsoa senotlolo.
• Litharollo tsa Active Directory kapa MDM: Lik'hamphaning, ho tloaelehile ho boloka li-passwords kaofela bukeng e bohareng, e leng ho nolofalletsang mafapha a IT ho li fumana.

Haeba u hloka senotlolo, Windows e tla u bontša sekhetho se ikhethileng ho u thusa ho fumana faele e ikhethileng.

Mokhoa oa ho tima kapa ho emisa BitLocker

Ho emisa le ho thibela BitLocker ke likhetho tse molemo haeba ho na le lintlafatso tsa BIOS, liphetoho tsa hardware, kapa haeba u nka qeto ea ho khaotsa ho sebelisa encryption.

• Ho leleka mosebetsing: E boloka disk e patiloe, empa e thibela ts'ireletso ea BitLocker ka nakoana ho fihlela e qala bocha. Sena se khothaletsoa pele u ntlafatsa firmware, kaha ho seng joalo, u ka lahleheloa ke phihlello.
• Tlosa: E hlakola drive ka botlalo, ts'ebetso e ka nkang lihora tse 'maloa. Ka nako eo disk e tla fumaneha ntle le password mme e sa sireletseha.

Likhetho tsena ka bobeli li ka laoloa ho tsoa ho "Laola BitLocker" ho Panel ea Taolo kapa ka mohala oa taelo.

Meeli le litšitiso tse ka bang teng tsa BitLocker

• Ha e fumanehe likhatisong tsohle tsa Windows: Liphetolelo tsa lapeng li tšehetsa feela mokhoa o nolofalitsoeng oa sesebelisoa mme ha li fane ka likhetho tsohle tsa BitLocker.
• E hloka hardware e lumellanang: Boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba tšireletso bo finyelloa feela ka TPM e lumellanang le BIOS/UEFI. Ntle le tsena, encryption e sebetsa empa ha e matla khahlano le litlhaselo tsa 'mele.
• Senotlolo se lahlehileng = tahlehelo ea data: Haeba u so bolokile senotlolo sa ho hlaphoheloa, u tla lahleheloa ke monyetla oa ho fumana lifaele tsa hau tse patiloeng ka ho sa feleng.
• Ho lumellana le litsamaiso tse ling: Li-drive tse patiloeng ha li fumanehe habonolo lits'ebetsong tse ling ntle le Windows.
• Liphetoho kapa lintlafatso tsa Hardware: Ka linako tse ling, ka mor'a ho ntlafatsa BIOS kapa ho fetola likaroloana, BitLocker e ka 'na ea hloka senotlolo sa ho hlaphoheloa hore u boele u fumane boitsebiso ba hau.

Ke mang ea lokelang ho bulela BitLocker?

Haeba u boloka tlhahisoleseling ea hau, ea profeshenale, kapa ea lekunutu, encryption ea disk e batla e tlamehile matsatsing ana. E khothaletsoa ka ho khetheha ho:

• Likhamphani le mekhatlo e laolang lintlha tsa bohlokoa (bophelo bo botle, thuto, molao, joalo-joalo)
• Basebelisi ba tsamaeang haholo kapa ba sebetsang ba le hole, kaha sena se eketsa kotsi ea tahlehelo ea sesebelisoa kapa bosholu.
• Mang kapa mang ea batlang ho thibela data ea hau, linepe, litokomane kapa mangolo a netefatso hore a qetelle a le matsohong a sa lumelloeng.

Ha e khothalletsoe haeba o hloka ho tsamaisa li-disk khafetsa lipakeng tsa sistimi ea Windows le Linux, kapa haeba u batla litharollo tsa mohloli o bulehileng o hlakileng ka botlalo.

Ho bohlokoa hore Ho nolofalletsa BitLocker encryption ho Windows ke e 'ngoe ea mehato e sebetsang ka ho fetesisa ea ho boloka tlhaiso-leseling ea hau le profeshenale e bolokehile hore e se fumanehe ntle le tumello haeba sesebelisoa se oela matsohong a fosahetseng. Ka ho latela mehato e tataisong ena le ho ela hloko taolo ea senotlolo sa ho hlaphoheloa, u ka natefeloa ke khotso ea kelello ka ho tseba hore data ea hau e sirelelitsoe ka theknoloji e matla, e kopaneng e ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa sistimi ea sejoale-joale ea Windows.