Nka ntša lintho tsohle tse bolokiloeng database joang ho Oracle Database Express Edition?

Kenyelletso ea ho qhala polokelo ea lintlha ho Oracle Database Express Edition

Khatiso ea Oracle Database Express ke mofuta oa mahala oa Oracle Database, o sebelisang lisebelisoa hantle, o lumellang bahlahisi le basebelisi ho etsa liteko ka tšebetso ea Oracle. Mosebetsi o tloaelehileng ho nts'etsopele le ts'ebetso ea bophelo ba polokelo ea polokelo ea litaba ke ho hlakoloa ha data eohle e teng sebakeng sa polokelo ea litaba, e tsejoang hape e le. lahla polokelongtshedimosetso. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba mehato e hlokahalang ho phethahatsa mosebetsi ona ho Oracle Database Express Edition.

1. Kenyelletso ea Oracle Database Express Edition

Khatiso ea Oracle Database Express (Oracle Database XE) ke mofuta oa mahala oa Oracle Database o loketseng ho ithuta, ho nts'etsapele le ho tsamaisa lits'ebetso tsa polokelo ea litaba tse bobebe. Ha a ntse a Oracle Database lahla database ea hau ka botlalo. Hore na o ntse o etsa liteko kapa o hloka ho qala database ea hau ho tloha qalong, sehloohong sena re tla u bontša hore na u ka etsa joang Hlakola polokelo ea litaba ho Oracle Database Express Edition.

Ha o hlakola database ho Oracle Database XE, u lokela ho hopola seo o tla lahleheloa ke data eohle e teng. Ka hona, ke habohlokoa ho etsa bonnete ba hore u na le bekapo data ea bohlokoa pele e tsoela pele. Ho na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlosa polokelong ea lintho ho oracle, empa e tloaelehileng haholo ke ho sebelisa taelo TRUNCATE TABLEe lumellang hlakola lintlha tsohle tafoleng ntle le ho fedisa sebopeho sa yona.

Ho tšolla database ka botlalo ho Oracle Database Express Edition, puede seguir los siguientes pasos:
1. Hokela ho database o sebelisa sesebelisoa sa tsamaiso joalo ka SQL*Plus kapa SQL Developer.
2. Hlalosa litafole tseo u batlang ho li tlosa mme etsa bonnete ba hore o na le bekapo de los datos importantes.
3. Etsa taelo ea TRUNCATE TABLE bakeng sa tafole ka 'ngoe eo u batlang ho e tšolla.
4. Netefatsa U batla ho hlakola data ho tloha tafoleng ka 'ngoe.
5. Sheba hore litafole kaofela ha li na letho le hore polokelo ea boitsebiso e hlakotsoe ka katleho.

2. Ke hobane'ng ha ho se na polokelo ea boitsebiso ho Oracle?

Pele re kenella ka har'a ts'ebetso ea ho hlakola database ho Oracle, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa hore na ke hobane'ng ha mosebetsi ona o ka hlokahala. Hlakola lintlha tse fumanehang polokelong ea litaba e ka ba molemo maemong a fapaneng, joalo ka tlhokahalo ea ho hloekisa le ho sebelisa hape polokelongtshedimosetso bakeng sa data e ntjha, e ho hlakolwa ha data e hlokolosi kapa feela bakeng sa ho lokisa liphoso le ho etsa liteko.

E 'ngoe ea litsela tse atileng haholo tsa ho hlakola database ho Oracle ke ho sebelisa taelo TRUNCATE, e tlosang mela eohle tafoleng ntle le ho ama sebopeho sa eona. Leha ho le joalo the bothata bo hlaha ha o batla ho hlakola database kaofela, kaha ho tla hlokahala ho sebelisa taelo ea TRUNCATE tafoleng ka 'ngoe ka bonngoe, mosebetsi o ka ba o tenang le oa liphoso. Ka lehlohonolo, Oracle Database Express Edition e fana ka tharollo e sebetsang le e bonolo bakeng sa boemo bona.

Ho Oracle Database Express Edition, ho na le sesebelisoa se bitsoang "Leqephe la Lehae la Database" e bebofatsang ts'ebetso ea ho hlakola database. Leqephe lena la lehae le fana ka interfaz gráfica intuitiva e u lumellang ho etsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ea tsamaiso, ho kenyelletsa le ho hlakola data eohle ho database. Ka ho fumana sesebelisoa sena ka ho sebatli sa marang-rang, o tla tlameha feela ho khetha khetho "database e se nang letho" mme o netefatse tshebetso. Ka metsotsoana feela, tlhahisoleseling eohle e bolokiloeng sebakeng sa polokelo ea litaba e tla hlakoloa, e siea database e se nang letho e loketse ho sebelisoa hape.

3. Mehato ea ho tšolla polokelo ea litaba ho Oracle Database Express Edition

Hlakola data ho tsoa ho database ea Oracle Database Express Edition Ke ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa e lokelang ho etsoa ka hloko ho qoba ho lahleheloa ke boitsebiso ba bohlokoa. Ka lehlohonolo, Oracle e fana ka likhetho tse 'maloa tsa ho hlakola database ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le katleho. Ka tlase ke tse Mehato e 3 ea bohlokoa ho hlakola database ho Oracle Database Express Edition.

1. Boloka polokelo ea boitsebiso: Pele o tlosa polokelo ea boitsebiso, ho bohlokoa ho boloka boitsebiso bohle ba bohlokoa. Sena se tla etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho na le liphoso kapa mathata nakong ea ts'ebetso ea flush, re ka khutlisetsa database boemong ba eona ba pele. Ho etsa bekapo, re ka sebelisa lisebelisoa tse kang expdp (Thepa ea pompo ea data) o RMAN (Recovery Manager), e re lumellang ho etsa li-backups tse felletseng le tse tsitsitseng tsa database.

2. Thibela litšitiso le lintho tse susumetsang: Pele o hlakola data ho tswa ho polokelongtshedimosetso, ke mohopolo o motle ho tima dithibelo tsa botshepehi le dihlohle tse amanang. Sena se tla qoba likhohlano le liphoso nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho tlosa. Re ka sebelisa lipolelo SQL ALTER TAFOLE ho tima ka nakoana lithibelo tsa bots'epehi le polelo HLOKOMELA MOTS'OA ho thiba diqhomane.

3. Hlakola data ho tswa ho litafole: Hang ha mehato e fetileng e phethiloe, re ka tsoela pele ho hlakola data ho litafole tsa database. Ho etsa sena, re ka sebelisa poleloana Hlakola ho phumula mela e itseng tafoleng kapa polelong TRUNCATE ho hlakola data yohle tafoleng kapele. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore polelo ea TRUNCATE e hlakola data eohle tafoleng, kahoo e lokela ho sebelisoa ka hloko.

Ho latela tsena Mehato e 3, re ka tšolla polokelo ea litaba ho Oracle Database Express Edition ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le katleho. Hopola ho etsa bekapo pele o qala, tima litšitiso le lits'oants'o, 'me qetellong u hlakole data ho litafole u sebelisa DELETE kapa TRUNCATE lipolelo, ka moo ho loketseng. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, kamehla ho eletsoa ho etsa liteko sebakeng sa nts'etsopele pele u sebelisa mehato ena polokelong ea polokelo ea lihlahisoa.

4. Ho etsa bekapo pele o tlosa polokelongtshedimosetso

Ha re hloka ho hlakola database ho Oracle Database Express Edition, ho bohlokoa ho e boloka e le ho qoba tahlehelo ea data ea bohlokoa. Ho etsa bekapo ena, ho na le likhetho tse fapaneng tseo re ka li nahanang, joalo ka ho sebelisa sesebelisoa sa kantle ho naha (expdp) kapa ho theha backup ea 'mele u sebelisa RMAN (Recovery Manager).

Ho romella kantle ho database ka expdp

E 'ngoe ea litsela tse atileng haholo tsa ho boloka database ho Oracle ke ho sebelisa sesebelisoa sa kantle ho naha (expdp). Sesebelisoa sena se re lumella ho hlahisa faele ea "backup" ka mokhoa oa binary, o nang le sebopeho sohle le data ea database. Ho etsa backup e felletseng ea database, re ka tsamaisa taelo e latelang moleng oa taelo:

«`
expdp user/password DIRECTORY=file_address DUMPFILE=dumpfile.dmp FULL=y
«`

Taelong ena, re tlameha ho khutlisa "mosebelisi" le "password" ka lintlha tsa mosebelisi ea nang le litokelo tse lekaneng tsa ho etsa backup. Ntle le moo, re tlameha ho hlakisa sebaka sa foldara moo faele ea "backup" e tla bolokoa teng, ho nkela "file_address" ka tsela e tsamaellanang. Hape re tlameha ho khetha lebitso bakeng sa faele ea bekapo, re nkela "dumpfile.dmp" sebaka ka lebitso leo re le batlang.

Backup ea 'mele ka RMAN

Khetho e 'ngoe ea ho etsa bekapo pele u tšolla database ho Oracle ke ho sebelisa RMAN (Recovery Manager) ho theha bekapo ya mmele. Ho etsa sena, re tlameha ho hokela database ka litokelo tsa motsamaisi mme re phethe litaelo tse latelang:

«`
RMAN> bekapo JOALOKAHA KOPI Database;
RMAN> bekapo ARCHIVELOG TSOHLE;
«`

Taelo ea pele e tla nka bekapo ea 'mele ea database, ha taelo ea bobeli e tla boloka lifaele tsohle tsa log database. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ts'ebetso ena e ka nka nako, kahoo ho eletsoa ho e tsamaisa nakong ea ts'ebetso e tlaase ho database. Hang ha bekapo e phethiloe, re tla ba le kopi e sireletsehileng ea database eo re ka e khutlisetsang ha ho hlokahala.

5. Ho sebelisa taelo ea DROP ho hlakola litafole le meralo

Ho na le litsela tse fapaneng tsa ho hlakola data ho database ho Oracle Database Express Edition, e 'ngoe ea tsona e sebelisa taelo ea DROP. Taelo ena e lumella hlakola litafole ka bobeli le meralo eohle. Leha ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa ho ba hlokolosi ha u sebelisa taelo ena, kaha hang ha data e hlakotsoe, e ke ke ea khutlisoa. Ka hona, kamehla ho eletsoa ho etsa li-backup pele o phethahatsa mefuta ena ea litaelo.

Bakeng sa hlakola tafole U sebelisa taelo ea DROP, u tlameha ho hlakisa lebitso la tafole le lateloang ke lentsoe la sehlooho la DROP le polelo ea TABLE. Mohlala, haeba re batla ho hlakola tafole e bitsoang "bareki", taelo e ka ba DROP TABLE clientes;. Ho feta moo, haeba tafole e na le litšepe ho litafole tse ling, hoa hlokahala ho hlalosa taelo e nepahetseng ya ho tlosa ho qoba diphoso. Haeba u batla hlakola leano lohle, polelo ea DROP SCHEMA e sebelisoa e lateloa ke lebitso la morero o lokelang ho hlakoloa, mohlala DROP SCHEMA usuarios;.

Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho phethahatsa taelo ea DROP hoa hlokahala ho ba le litokelo tse loketseng polokelongtshedimosetso. Ka ho sa feleng, ke mosebelisi oa motsamaisi feela (SYS) ea nang le tumello e hlokahalang ea ho sebelisa taelo ena. Leha ho le joalo, haeba mosebelisi a batla ho fana ka tumello ho mosebelisi e mong, a ka sebelisa polelo eo THUSO ho fana ka ditokelo tse hlokahalang. Ka mohlala, GRANT DROP ANY TABLE TO usuario;. Ho bohlokoa ho etsa liketso tsena ka hloko, u etsa bonnete ba hore u na le bekapo e lekaneng pele u etsa liphetoho tse ke keng tsa fetoloa polokelong ea litaba.

6. Ho sebelisa polelo ea TRUNCATE ho hlakola data ho tloha litafoleng tse itseng

La sentencia TRUNCATE ho Oracle Database Express Edition ke sesebelisoa se sebetsang sa ho hlakola data ka katleho le tshekatsheko e potlakileng ya ditafole tse itseng polokelongtshedimosetso. Ho fapana le polelo Hlakola, e hlakolang mela e tsoang tafoleng 'me e baka liphetoho ho li-index le sebaka sa tafole, polelo ea TRUNCATE e hlakola lintlha tsohle tafoleng ebe e lokolla sebaka se sebelisoang ke tafole, ntle le ho ama sebopeho sa tafole kapa li-index.

Ho sebelisa polelo ea TRUNCATE, bolela feela lebitso la tafole eo u batlang ho e hloekisa. Ke habohlokoa ho hopola hore polelo ena e tlosa lintlha tsohle tse tsoang tafoleng ka mokhoa o ke keng oa fetoloa, kahoo e kgothaletswa etsa bekapo ya data pele o e tsamaisa.

Ke habohlokoa ho bolela hore polelo ea TRUNCATE e sebetsa ka potlako ho feta polelo ea DELETE, haholo-holo ha e sebetsa ka boitsebiso bo bongata. Ho feta moo, polelo ena e kanna ea sebetsa hantle ho latela lisebelisoa tsa sistimi kaha ha e hlahise lits'oants'o tsa transaction. Leha ho le joalo, hoa hlokahala ho hopola hore, ho fapana le polelo ea DELETE, TRUNCATE ha e kenye lisebelisoa tse hlalositsoeng tafoleng, ebile ha e lumelle ho hlalosa maemo a ho batla.

7. Ho hloekisa polokelo ea polokelo ea polokelo le li-logs

Hlakola cache ea database le li-log

Ha o sebetsa le Oracle Database Express Edition, ho bohlokoa ho hopola hore cache le logs li ka bokella lintlha tse sa hlokahaleng mme tsa nka sebaka sa bohlokoa polokelong ea rona. Ka hona, ho kgothaletswa ho e etsa ho hlwekisa kamehla ho netefatsa hore database ea rona e sebetsa hantle.

Mokhoa oa ho vaciar la memoria caché ho Oracle e sebelisa taelo ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH BUFFER_CACHE;. Taelo ena e na le boikarabelo ba ho hlakola likarolo tsohle tse bolokiloeng ka har'a cache, tse ka ba molemo ha re batla ho lokolla sebaka kapa ha re etsa liphetoho tsa bohlokoa ho database ea rona tse ka amang ts'ebetso.

Por otro lado, para hloekisa likutu ho Oracle, re ka sebelisa taelo TRUNCATE TABLE. Taelo ena e re lumella ho hlakola lirekoto tsohle tafoleng e itseng, re siea sebopeho se ntse se le teng. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho sebelisa taelo ena ho tla hlakola data eohle ntle le ho hlaphoheloa, ka hona ho bohlokoa ho etsa bekapo pele o etsa ts'ebetso ena.

8. Litlhahiso tsa ho tlosa polokelong ea litaba ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le ka katleho

Ho na le tse 'maloa likhothaletso ho tsoela pele ho khona lahla polokelongtshedimosetso ka tsela e itseng e bolokehileng le e sebetsang hantle ho Oracle Database Express Edition. Mekhoa e metle ke ena:

1. Etsa bekapo pele o tlosa polokelongtshebetso: Pele o etsa ketso efe kapa efe e kenyelletsang ho hlakola database, etsa bonnete ba hore o e boloka. Sena se bohlokoa ho qoba tahlehelo ea data ea bohlokoa haeba ho ka ba le phoso nakong ea ts'ebetso.

2. Sebelisa taelo ea TRUNCATE: Taelo ea TRUNCATE ke khetho e sebetsang ka ho fetesisa ea ho tšolla tafole ho Oracle Database Express Edition. Ho fapana le DELETE, TRUNCATE e hlakola lirekoto tsohle tafoleng kapele hobane ha e kenye tlhahisoleseling ho faele ea log ea transaction. Leha ho le joalo, hopola hore u ke ke ua etsolla ketso ena, kahoo ho bohlokoa ho hlakisa hore na u batla ho tlosa litafole life.

3. Tlosa li-index le lithibelo pele u ntša polokelong ea litaba: Pele o tsoela pele ka ho tlosa database, ho eletsoa ho tima li-index le lithibelo tse amanang le litafole tse lokelang ho tlosoa. Sena se tla thusa ho bebofatsa ts'ebetso le ho qoba litaba tsa botšepehi ba data. Hang ha flush e felile, o ka bulela li-index le lithibelo hape.

9. Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa nako ea ho theoha nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho tlosa

E 'ngoe ea lintho tse tšoenyang haholo ho ba sebetsang ka datha ke Nako ea ho se sebetse nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho tlosa. Ka lehlohonolo, ho na le mekhoa e meng e ka sebelisoang ho fokotsa nako ena le ho netefatsa hore mosebetsi o sebetsa hantle.

Keletso ea pele ke ho etsa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea database pele o qala ts'ebetso ea ho tlosa. Hlalosa lintho tse jang matla haholo sebaka sa disk le ho nka mehato ea ho fokotsa boholo ba eona ho ka ba bohlokoa. Ho feta moo, ho thibela kapa ho tlosa lithibelo tsa boits'epo nakong ea ho hlatsoa metsi ho ka potlakisa ts'ebetso.

Mokhoa o mong o sebetsang ke oa ho arola database hore e be litšebelisano tse nyane ho fapana le transaction e le 'ngoe e kholo. Sena ha se fokotse nako ea ho theoha feela, empa hape se etsa hore ts'ebetso e be bonolo ho e latela le ho e laola. Ho feta moo, ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa compression ea data ho ka fokotsa boholo ba faele ea kantle ho naha le ho potlakisa phetiso ea database.

10. Netefatso le netefatso ya ho hlakolwa ya data e nepahetseng

Netefatso ea data e hlakotsoeng: Hang ha u se u hlakotse data ho database ea hau ea Oracle Database Express Edition, ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore ho hlakolwa ho atlehile. Ho etsa sena, o ka sebelisa litaelo tsa SQL ho botsa ho netefatsa hore data e tlositsoeng ha e sa le database. U ka etsa potso ho khetha lirekoto tse ikhethileng tseo u li hlakotseng 'me u netefatse hore ha li hlahe liphetho. U ka boela ua tsamaisa potso e akaretsang ho netefatsa hore ha ho na lirekoto tse lumellanang le data e hlakotsoeng. Haeba u fumana lirekoto tse ntseng li le teng kamora ho hlakoloa, mohlomong ha lia hlakoloa ka nepo.

Confirmación de la eliminación: Ha u se u netefalitse hore data e hlakotsoe ka nepo, ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa ho hlakoloa hona. U ka etsa sena ka ho hlahisa tlaleho kapa tlaleho e qaqileng e bontšang litlaleho tse hlakotsoeng. Netefatso ena e ka ba molemo molemong oa tlhahlobo kapa ho arolelana le litho tse ling tsa sehlopha. Ntle le moo, o ka sebelisa litaelo tsa SQL ho hlahisa tlaleho e bonts'ang palo eohle ea lirekoto tse hlakotsoeng le letsatsi le nako eo e hlakotsoeng ka eona.

Ho thibela tahlehelo ea data ka phoso: Ho qoba tahlehelo ea data ea bohlokoa ka phoso, ho khothalletsoa ho etsa li-backups tsa kamehla tsa database ea hau ea Oracle Database Express Edition. Haeba ho na le ho hong ho sa tsamaeeng hantle nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho hlakola data, o ka khutlisetsa database ho tsoa ho bekapo e fetileng. Hape, pele o hlakola data efe kapa efe, ho bohlokoa ho boloka polokelongtshedimosetso e le hore o be le bekapo e eketsehileng haeba ho na le ho phoso nakong ya ho hlakolwa. U ka boela ua nahana ka ho kenya tšebetsong litumello tse nepahetseng le taolo ea phihlello ho netefatsa hore basebelisi ba nang le tumello ke bona feela ba ka hlakolang data polokelong ea litaba. Sena se ka thusa ho thibela ho hlakoloa ha data ka phoso kapa ka lonya. Ka litemoso tsena, u ka etsa bonnete ba hore ho hlakoloa ha data hoa etsoa ka nepo le bolokehileng.