Ho tseba likarolo tsa "motherboard" le kamoo e sebetsang kateng ho molemo haholo ha u haha khomphutha kapa u nkela likarolo tsa hardware sebaka. element ena e boetse e tsejoa e le motherboard, le E sebelisoa ho hokahanya likarolo tse ling tsohle tsa lisebelisoa. Keneng ena re tla khetholla karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e etsang boardboard le mosebetsi oa eona.
Likarolo tse kholo tsa boardboard
Ha re hlahloba lisebelisoa tsa komporo, re fumana sengoathoana sa bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea eona: boardboard. Karete ena ea potoloho e kopantsoeng e ikarabella bakeng sa hokela le ho lumella puisano lipakeng tsa likarolo tse ling tsohle tsa sistimi. E boetse e tsejoa e le motherboard, 'me ke eona ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa khomphuteng efe kapa efe.
Re ka inahanela boardboard e le sethala se bohareng moo likarolo tse ling tsa hardware li hokeletsoeng. Prosesa, mehopolo, likarolo tsa polokelo, likarete tsa katoloso le lisebelisoa tse ling li kentsoe moo. Kantle ho boardboard, likarolo tsa motho ka mong li ne li ke ke tsa khona ho sebelisana hantle.
Ntle le moo, hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore Bokhoni le meeli e akaretsang ea komporo e khethoa ke litšobotsi tsa boardboard. Ka mohlala, li-motherboards li etselitsoe ho lumellana le mefuta e itseng ea li-processor. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, li ts'ehetsa mofuta o itseng mme li ka ts'ehetsa boholo ba RAM.
Palo ea lihokelo (ka hare le kantle) hammoho le likhetho tsa katoloso li boetse li khethoa ke board ea mama. Ka lebaka leo, ha u khetha motherboard u tlameha ho hlahloba ka hloko litlhoko tsa hau tsa hona joale le tsa nako e tlang. Ka tsela ena, ho netefalitsoe hore komporo e ka fetoha le ho ikamahanya le likarolo tse ncha le mahlale a macha.
processor sokete
E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoahali tsa boardboard ke processor socket, e tsejoang hape e le socket. Kamore ena ke moo processor kapa CPU e behiloeng teng. e le hore e hokahana le motherboard. Joalokaha u se u tseba, CPU (Central Processing Unit) ke boko ba 'nete ba k'homphieutha, e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho phethahatsa litaelo tsohle.
Joalokaha re se re boletse, Li-motherboards li etselitsoe hore li lumellane le mefuta e itseng ea li-processor. Ka mohlala, motherboard ASUS ROG Strix Z690-E E na le sokete ea LGA 1700 e tsamaellanang le li-processor tsa Intel tsa moloko oa 12 joalo ka i9-12900K.
Palo e kholo ea lits'ebetso tse etsahalang ka har'a CPU e etsa hore element ena e futhumale. Ke ka lebaka lena, Hangata sokete e kenyelletsa tsamaiso ea ho pholisa, e ka kenyelletsang li-fan, heatsink, le lithebe tsa mocheso. Likarete tsa Graphics le likarolo tse ling tsa boardboard hangata li na le sistimi e pholileng.
Memori Slots
Haufi le sokete ho na le li-slots tsa memori, e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa mantlha tsa boardboard. Mehopolo ea RAM e kenngoa ka har'a li-slots tsena., e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho boloka data ka nakoana ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa. Ha li-memory slots li le ngata, palo e kholo ea RAM e ka kenngoa, ho fihlela moeli o behiloeng ke moetsi.
Li-slots tsena li na le sebopeho se tšesaane, se telele, se nang le mochini oa ho notlela ho boloka mehopolo. Sebopeho sa slot se khetholla mofuta oa memori e ka kenngoa (DDR3, DDR4, DDR5), e leng eona e amang lebelo le bokhoni ba tsamaiso eohle.
Chipset har'a likarolo tsa boardboard
Le ha e sa bonahale ho feta likarolo tse ling tsa boardboard, chipset ke karolo ea eona ea mantlha. Ke a sete ea li-chips kapa li-circuits tsa elektroniki tse thusang processor, mehopolo, le likarolo tse ling phetisong ea tlhahisoleseling. Ka kopanelo, li-chips tsena li sebetsa joalo ka ha eka ke processor e kopantsoeng le boardboard.
Chipset e arotsoe ka likarolo tse peli: Northbridge (borokho bo ka leboea) le Southbridge (borokho bo ka boroa). Karolo ea pele e sebetsana le puisano pakeng tsa CPU, RAM le karete ea litšoantšo. Bakeng sa karolo ea eona, borokho bo ka boroa bo laola puisano le lisebelisoa tse ling le likarolo tsa polokelo.
Meetso ea katoloso
Li-slots tsa katoloso li tšoana le li-memory slots, empa li reretsoe kenya likarete tsa ho atolosa (litšoantšo, molumo, marang-rang, joalo-joalo). Li-slots tsena li tsejoa e le PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) kapa Express Interconnection Peripheral Component.
Li-motherboards tsohle tsa khomphutha li na le li-slots tsa PCIe, empa tsena ha li sebelisoe kamehla. Li-motherboards li se li ntse li e-na le litšoantšo tse kopantsoeng, molumo le likarolo tsa marang-rang. Leha ho le joalo, ba hlokang ho eketsa bokhoni bona, joalo ka libapali kapa baqapi, ba qetella ba sebelisa li-slots ho eketsa likarete tsa katoloso.
Likarolo tsena tsa motherboard Li tla ka boholo bo fapaneng le litekanyetso tsa lebelo: x1, x2, x4, x8, x16. Moetso o mong le o mong o na le marang-rang a fapaneng, 'me sekotjana se nang le litselana tse ngata ke sona se nang le marang-rang a maholohali.
Lihokelo tsa polokelo
Ka har'a likarolo tsa boardboard ho na le lihokelo tsa polokelo, joalo ka SATA (Serial ATA) le li-port tsa M.2. Likou tsa SATA li sebelisetsoa ho hokahanya li-drive tsa polokelo: Li-drive tse thata, li-drive tse tiileng le li-optical readers. Bakeng sa karolo ea bona, li-slots tsa M.2 li etselitsoe ho kenya li-unit tsa polokelo tsa SSD, tse tšoanang le li-drive tse tiileng empa ka potlako haholo.
Lihokelo tsa motlakase
Ntle le lihokelo tsa motlakase, ha ho le e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse leboteng la mama e neng e ka sebetsa. Lihokelo tsena Ba na le boikarabelo ba ho amohela motlakase oa motlakase ho tsoa mohloling oa matla. Li na le moralo o ikhethang le o fapaneng oa ho etsa hore ho be bonolo le ho utloahala ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ho li khetholla le ho etsa likhokahano ntle le liphoso.
Sehokelo se seholo sa matla ho liboto tsa bo-mme hangata ke 24-pin ATX, e nang le maqhubu a 3.5v, 5v le 12v. Ho boetse ho na le lihokelo tse thusang, e sebelisetsoang ho isa matla likarolong tse itseng, tse kang CPU. Likou tse ling li haufi le libaka tsa katoloso 'me li sebelisetsoa ho matlafatsa likarete tsa litšoantšo tse inehetseng le likarolo tse ling tse eketsehileng.
Likou tsa likarolo tsa kantle tsa boardboard
Boemakepe ba kantle kaofela lihokelo tsa motherboard tsa kantle, ka morao le ka pele. Li kenyelletsa likou tsa ho kenya / tse tsoang joalo ka likou tsa USB, Ethernet, li-audio, HDMI, DisplayPort le tse ling. Li sebelisetsoa ho hokahanya mefuta eohle ea li-peripherals, ho tloha ho keyboard le mouse ho ea ho li-drive tsa polokelo tse ka ntle le tse ling.
Ho tloha ha ke sa le monyenyane haholo ke 'nile ka labalabela ho tseba ntho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e amanang le tsoelo-pele ea saense le theknoloji, haholo-holo tse etsang hore bophelo ba rona bo be bobebe le bo monate. Ke rata ho lula ke tseba litaba tsa morao-rao le mekhoa, le ho arolelana liphihlelo tsa ka, maikutlo le likeletso mabapi le lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tseo ke li sebelisang. Sena se ile sa etsa hore ke be sengoli sa webo lilemo tse fetang tse hlano tse fetileng, ke tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo ho lisebelisoa tsa Android le lits'ebetso tsa Windows. Ke ithutile ho hlalosa ka mantsoe a bonolo lintho tse rarahaneng e le hore babali ba ka ba li utloisise habonolo.