Boikoetliso ba pH le pOH

Lefapheng la k'hemistri, thuto ea pH le pOH e bohlokoa ho utloisisa thepa ea tharollo ea metsi le boemo ba bona ba acidity kapa motheo. Lithupelo tsena pH le POH Li lumella liithuti ho fumana tsebo e sebetsang ea ho tseba le ho laola boholo bona, hammoho le ho matlafatsa tsebo ea bona ea khopolo-taba mabapi le ho leka-lekana ha acid-base. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba mefuta e fapaneng ea boikoetliso ba pH le pOH tse bohlokoa ho ithuteng le ho sebelisa melao-motheo ea k'hemistri ka katleho laboratoring.

1. Kenyelletso ea boikoetliso ba pH le pOH

Karolong ena, ho tla fanoa ka kenyelletso e felletseng ea boikoetliso ba pH le pOH. pH le pOH ke likhopolo tsa motheo k'hemistri tse re lumellang ho lekanya acidity kapa alkalinity ea tharollo. Ho utloisisa likhopolo tsena, ho bohlokoa ho tseba lintlha tsa motheo tsa k'hemistri le thepa ea li-acids le metheo.

Pele ho tsohle, ho tla hlalosoa hore na pH ke eng le hore na e baloa joang. pH ke sekala se bontshang kgatello ya di-ion tsa hydronium (H+) tharollong. E ka khethoa ho sebelisa foromo: pH = -log[H+]. e tla fanoa mehlala le boitlhakiso e sebetsang ho thusa ho utloisisa mokhoa oa ho bala pH ea litharollo tse fapaneng.

Joale, khopolo ea pOH e tla rarolloa, e leng phapang ea pH 'me e sebelisetsoa ho lekanya mahloriso a hydroxyl ions (OH-) ka tharollo. Palo ea pOH e etsoa ka tsela e ts'oanang le ea pH, ho sebelisoa foromo: pOH = -log[OH-]. Mehlala e felletseng e tla hlahisoa le mokhoa oa ho amahanya pH le pOH tharollong e tla hlalosoa.

2. Tlhaloso ea likhopolo tsa pH le pOH

pH le pOH ke mehopolo ea mantlha k'hemistri e re lumellang ho lekanya boemo ba asiti kapa alkalinity ea ntho e tharollong. PH e hlalosoa e le logarithm e mpe ea bongata ba li-ion tsa hydronium (H⁺) ka tharollo, ha pOH e le logarithm e mpe ea mahloriso a li-ion tsa hydroxide (OH).^-), hape ka tharollo.

pH le pOH li hlahisoa ka tekanyo ea 0 ho ea ho 14, 'me 7 e bontša tharollo e sa nke lehlakore. Haeba pH e ka tlase ho 7, e nkoa e le acidic, athe haeba e kholo ho feta 7 e nkoa e le tharollo ea motheo kapa ea alkaline. Kahoo, pH le pOH li amana ka tsela e fapaneng: ha pH e phahame, e theola pOH; le ka tsela e fapaneng. Kakaretso ea pH le pOH e lula e lekana le 14.

Ho bala pH kapa pOH boleng ba tharollo, equation e sebelisoa: pH = -log[H⁺] le pOH = -log[OH^-]. Mona, [H⁺] le [OH^-] emela likhakanyo tsa li-ion tsa hydronium le hydroxide ho mol/L, ka ho latellana. Ke habohlokoa ho hopola hore logarithm e baloa ho motheo oa 10, kahoo se hlokahalang Sebelisa sebali sa saense kapa tafole ea li-logarithm ho fumana boleng.

3. Palo ea pH ea tharollo ea asiti

Ka k'hemistri, pH ke tekanyo e sebelisetsoang ho fumana acidity kapa motheo oa tharollo. E kanna ea utloahala e rarahane, empa e bonolo haholo haeba u latela mehato e nepahetseng. Tsamaiso e tla hlalosoa ka botlalo ka tlase. mohato ka mohato Ho bala pH ea tharollo ea asiti:

1. Etsa qeto ea hore na motsoako oa li-ion tsa hydronium (H3O +)) o na le tharollo ea acid. Sena e ka etsoa ho sebelisa mokhoa oa acid e fanoeng le ionization ea eona kamehla. Ka mohlala, haeba re e-na le tharollo ea acetic acid e nang le motsoako oa 0.1 M, re ka sebelisa ionization constant ea acetic acid ho fumana mahloriso a li-ion tsa hydronium.

2. Sebelisa foromo: pH = -log[H3O+]. Hang ha u se u e-na le motsoako oa hydronium ion, u ka sebelisa foromo ena ho fumana pH ea tharollo ea asiti. Nka logarithm e mpe ea hydronium ion concentration mme sephetho e tla ba pH ea tharollo.

3. Haeba o lakatsa, sephetho se ka netefatsoa ho sebelisoa lipampiri tsa pH indicator kapa pH meter. Mekhoa ena e tla fana ka tiiso e eketsehileng ea hore lipalo tsa pH li entsoe ka nepo. Leha ho le joalo, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore mekhoa ena e ka 'na ea se ke ea nepahala joaloka lipalo tsa lipalo.

Hopola hore pH ke sekala sa logarithmic, ho bolelang hore phetoho ea nomoro e le 'ngoe sekaleng sa pH e emela phetoho ea makhetlo a 10 ho hydronium ion concentration. Ho boetse ho na le lisebelisoa le li-calculator tse fumanehang marang-rang ho etsa hore palo ena e be bonolo le kapele. Re tšepa hore tataiso ena e u thusa ho bala pH ea tharollo ea asiti! ka nepo 'me e nepahetse!

4. Palo ea pH ea tharollo ea motheo

Ho bala pH ea tharollo ea motheo, hoa hlokahala ho nahana ka thepa ea li-acids le metheo. pH ke tekanyo ea asiti kapa alkalinity ea tharollo, 'me e ka etsoa qeto ka ho sebelisa sekala sa pH se tlohang ho 0 (e ngata haholo) ho ea ho 14 (ea motheo haholo). Tabeng ea tharollo ea motheo, pH e tla ba ka holimo ho 7. Ka tlase ke lintlha mehato e lokelang ho lateloa ho bala pH ea tharollo ea motheo.

1. Hlalosa OH-elion ka tharollo ea motheo. Ion ena e nkuoa e le setsi se matla 'me e teng ka bongata bo phahameng ka tharollo ea mantlha. Ka mohlala, haeba re sebetsa ka tharollo ea sodium hydroxide (NaOH), NaOH e tla ikarola ho li-ion sodium (Na+) le li-ion tsa hydroxyl (OH-).

• Bakeng sa mohlala oa bothata, a re nahaneng ka tharollo ea sodium hydroxide e nang le motsoako oa 0.1 M.

2. Sebelisa foromo ea pH. Mokhoa oa ho bala pH ea tharollo ea motheo ke pH = -log [OH-]. Tabeng ena, re sebelisa logarithm e fosahetseng ea hydroxyl ion concentration ho mol/L. Ka mohlala, haeba mahloriso a OH- ke 0.1 M, palo e tla ba pH = -log (0.1).

• Tabeng ea tharollo ea rona ea sodium hydroxide e nang le motsoako oa 0.1 M, palo ea pH e tla ba pH = -log (0.1).

3. Bala pH u sebelisa sebali sa saense kapa tafole ea logarithm. Hang ha poleloana e fumanoa, re tlameha ho sebelisa sebali sa saense se nang le mosebetsi oa logarithm kapa re shebe tafole ea li-logarithm. Mohlala, sephetho sa lipalo e ne e tla ba pH = -1.

• Mohlala oa rona, pH ea tharollo ea sodium hydroxide e nang le motsoako oa 0.1 M e ka ba pH = -1.

5. Boikoetliso bo sebetsang ba ho bala pH

Karolong ena, re tla u hlahisa letoto la boikoetliso bo sebetsang ho bala pH ea litharollo tse fapaneng. Lithupelong tsena kaofela, re tla u tataisa mohato ka mohato ho rarolla mathata, ho u fa lithupelo, malebela a bohlokoa le mehlala e tiileng.

Ho qala, ho bohlokoa ho hopola hore pH ke tekanyo ea acidity kapa alkalinity ea tharollo. E hlalosoa ka tekanyo ea lipalo e tlohang ho 0 ho ea ho 14, moo 7 e emelang pH e sa nke lehlakore. PH e ka tlase ho 7 e bontša asiti, athe pH e kholo ho feta 7 e bontša alkalinity.

Boikoetlisong bo bong le bo bong, re tla u fa lintlha tse hlokahalang, joalo ka bongata ba ntho e itseng ea lik'hemik'hale kapa li-constants tse amehang. Re tla sebelisa liforomo le lipalo tse ikhethileng ho bala pH. Etsa bonnete ba hore u na le sebali sa saense letsohong, kaha maemong a mang u tla hloka ho etsa lipalo tsa lipalo.

6. Kamano pakeng tsa pH le pOH: boikoetliso ba ho fetola

Kamano lipakeng tsa pH le pOH ke mohopolo oa mantlha ho chemistry ea acid-base. pH e bua ka bongata ba li-ion tsa hydrogen ka tharollo, ha pOH e bua ka bongata ba li-ion tsa hydroxide. Mekhahlelo ka bobeli e amana ka tekanyo ea pH, e leng tekanyo ea logarithmic e tlohang ho 0 ho ea ho 14. Karolong ena, re tla ithuta ho fetola ho tloha pH ho ea ho pOH le ka tsela e fapaneng.

Ho fetolela ho tloha pH ho ea ho pOH, re ka sebelisa foromo e latelang:
pOH = 14 – pH

Mohlala, haeba re na le tharollo e nang le pH ea 3, re tlosa pH ho tloha ho 14 ho fumana pOH:
pOH = 14 – 3 = 11

Ho fetolela ho tloha ho pOH ho ea ho pH, re sebelisa foromo e latelang:
pH = 14 – pOH

Ka mohlala, haeba re na le tharollo e nang le pOH ea 8, re tlosa pOH ho tloha ho 14 ho fumana pH:
pH = 14 – 8 = 6

Hopola hore pH le pOH ke thepa e tlatsanang, kahoo haeba re tseba e 'ngoe ea tsona, re ka bala e' ngoe ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e boletsoeng ka holimo. Hape ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ka tharollo e sa nke lehlakore, pH le pOH li na le boleng ba 7.

7. POH calculation exercises

POH ke tekanyo ea bongata ba li-ion tsa hydroxyl ka tharollo e nang le metsi. E baloa ho sebelisoa foromo pOH = -log[OH-]. Ho rarolla bothata, hoa hlokahala ho tseba bongata ba li-ion tsa hydroxyl ka tharollo.

Taba ea pele, khatello ea li-ion tsa hydroxyl ho moles ka litha e le ngoe (M) e tlameha ho fumanoa. Haeba u tseba boleng ba pH, u ka sebelisa kamano e latelang: pH + pOH = 14. Ka hona, haeba u na le pH ea bohlokoa, u ka e tlosa ho tloha ho 14 ho fumana boleng ba pOH.

Haeba boleng ba pH bo sa tsejoe, khatello ea li-ion tsa hydrogen (H+) e ka sebelisoa ho fumana hore na li-ion tsa hydroxyl li bokae. Sena se etsoa ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa Kw = [H+][OH-], moo Kw e leng nako ea ionization ea metsi (1 × 10 ^ -14 ho 25 ° C). Haeba mahloriso a H + a tsejoa, motho a ka rarolla bothata ba OH-concentration ebe o bala pooH a sebelisa foromo e boletsoeng ka holimo.

8. Ho rarolla mathata a acid-base balance ho sebelisa pH le pOH

E ka ba ts'ebetso e rarahaneng, empa ka ho latela mehato e seng mekae e bonolo u ka fihlela tharollo e nepahetseng. Ntlha ea pele, ke habohlokoa ho utloisisa litlhaloso tsa motheo tsa pH le pOH. pH ke tekanyo ea asiti ea tharollo, ha pOH e lekanya alkalinity. Litekanyetso tsena ka bobeli li hlahisoa ka sekhahla sa 0 ho isa ho 14, moo 7 e sa nke lehlakore, boleng bo kaholimo ho 7 bo bonts'a alkalinity, 'me boleng bo ka tlase ho 7 bo bonts'a acidity.

Mohato oa pele oa ho rarolla mathata a acid-base equilibrium ke ho fumana hore na tharollo e na le asiti kapa ea motheo. Sena ke o ka e etsa ho bala pH kapa pOH ea tharollo. PH e baloa ho sebelisoa foromo ea pH = -log[H+], moo [H+] e emelang bongata ba li-ion tsa haedrojene tharollong. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, pOH e baloa ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa pOH = -log[OH-], moo [OH-] e emelang mahloriso a li-ion tsa hydroxide ka tharollo. Hang ha pH ea boleng kapa pOH e fumanoa, ho ka etsoa qeto ea hore na tharollo e na le acidic (pH <7), motheo (pH> 7), kapa e sa nke lehlakore (pH = 7).

Hang ha ho etsoa qeto ea hore na tharollo ke acidic kapa ea motheo, re ka tsoela pele ho rarolla bothata bo itseng. Haeba sena ke bothata ba ho leka-lekana ha acid-base le li-acids, likamano tsa tekano ea acid-base li ka sebelisoa, joalo ka ho lekanngoa kamehla Ka. Haeba sena e le bothata ba ho leka-lekana ha acid-base le metheo, likamano tsa tekano ea acid-base li ka sebelisoa, joalo ka ho leka-lekana kamehla Kb Ho rarolla bothata, motho o tlameha ho theha li-equation tsa tekano ebe o sebelisa boleng ba pH kapa pOH. ho bala likhakanyo tsa li-ion tharollong. Hang ha likhahla li fumaneha, ka sebelisa ho bala bongata bo bong bo hlokahalang bothateng, joalo ka bongata ba asiti e itseng kapa base.

9. Ts'ebeliso ea boikoetliso ba pH le pOH litharollong tsa buffer

Ho sebelisa boikoetliso ba pH le pOH litharollong tsa buffer, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa hore na tharollo ea buffer ke eng le hore na e etsoa joang. Tharollo ea buffer ke motsoako oa asiti e fokolang le setsi sa eona sa conjugate, kapa setsi se fokolang le acid ea eona ea conjugate, e hananang le liphetoho tse kholo pH ha ho eketsoa acid e nyane kapa setsi.

Mohato oa pele oa ho rarolla mofuta ona oa boikoetliso ke ho tseba likarolo tsa tharollo ea buffer le maemo a tsona a fapaneng. Hang ha lintlha tsena li tsejoa, liforomo tse nepahetseng li ka sebelisoa ho bala pH kapa pOH. Tabeng ea tharollo ea acid-base, pH e baloa ho sebelisoa formula -log[H+], moo [H+] e emelang bongata ba li-ion tsa hydrogen tharollong. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, pOH e ka baloa ho sebelisoa formula -log [OH-], moo [OH-] e emelang mahloriso a li-ion tsa hydroxide ka tharollo.

Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore, ka tharollo ea buffer, pH le pOH ha li fetohe haholo ha li-acid tse nyenyane kapa setsi li kenngoa. Leha ho le joalo, haeba palo e kholo ea asiti kapa setsi se eketsoa, ​​ho leka-lekana ho tharollo ea buffer ho ameha mme pH kapa pOH e ka fetoha. Ho rarolla mathata ho kenyelletsa tšusumetso ea tlatsetso e kholo ea asiti kapa setsi, ho eletsoa ho sebelisa tafole ea Hendersson-Hasselbalch, e amanang le pH kapa pOH le likhakanyo tsa acid le setsi sa tharollo.

10. Boikoetliso ba ho bala pH ka karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale

Ho bala pH karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa asiti kapa alkalinity ea ntho. Ka lithupelo tsena, u tla khona ho ikoetlisa le ho matlafatsa tsebo ea hau ea ho bala pH. Mona re u fa tataiso ea mohato ka mohato ho rarolla mathata ana.

1. Hlalosa asiti kapa setsi se amehang karabelong 'me u tsebe hore na ho arohana ha eona kamehla ho (Ka kapa Kb). Sena se lula se u bolella kamoo asiti kapa setsi se arohanang habonolo kateng metsing. Hopola hore ho arohana ha asiti ho hlahisa li-ion tsa H + (hydrogen) ha ho arohana ha setsi ho hlahisa li-ion tsa OH- (hydroxide).

2. Sebelisa polelo ea Ka kapa ea Kb ho bala bongata ba H+ kapa OH- ions tharollong. Polelo ena e fumaneha ho tsoa ho equation ea lik'hemik'hale tsa karabelo. Hape, nahana ka stoichiometry ea karabelo ho bala mahloriso a lihlahisoa le li-reactants.

3. Bala logarithm e fosahetseng ea kholiso ea H+ kapa OH- ions ho fumana pH kapa pOH ka ho latellana. Hopola hore pH e hlalosoa e le logarithm e mpe ea mahloriso a li-ion tsa H+. Qetellong, ho fumana pOH, tlosa pH ho tloha ho 14.

11. Boikoetliso ba acid-base titration le sephetho sa pH

Boikoetliso ba acid-base titration le ho bala pH e hlahisitsoeng ke tsa bohlokoa ho chemistry ea tlhahlobo. Ka lithupelo tsena, re ka tseba palo ea acid kapa setsi se teng ka tharollo le pH e tsamaellanang le eona. Ka tlase ke mehato e qaqileng ea ho rarolla bothata ba mofuta ona.

1. Tseba karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale: ntho ea pele eo re lokelang ho e etsa ke ho utloisisa karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale e amehang ho titration. Sena se tla re lumella ho khetholla acid le setsi se teng, hammoho le ho tseba hore na stoichiometry ea karabelo ke efe.

2. Bala li-moles tsa acid kapa setsi: Hang ha re tseba stoichiometry ea karabelo, re ka e sebelisa ho bala li-moles tsa acid kapa setsi se teng ka tharollo. Ho etsa sena, re hloka ho tseba mohopolo le molumo oa reagent eo re e sebelisang.

3. Bala pH e hlahisoang: Ha re se re e-na le palo ea li-moles tsa acid kapa base, re ka sebelisa boitsebiso bona ho bala pH e hlahisoang. Ho etsa sena, re lokela ho ela hloko tekano ea kamehla ea karabelo, e tla re bolella hore na tharollo e hlahisoang ke acidic, ea motheo kapa e sa nke lehlakore.

Ho bohlokoa ho hopola hore ho rarolla boikoetliso ba acid-base titration le ho bala sephetho sa pH ho hloka tsebo e ntle ea mehopolo ea lik'hemik'hale le boikoetliso. Se ke oa tsilatsila ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse kang li-calculator tsa pH kapa buisana le tichere ea hau ho hlakisa lipotso leha e le life tseo u ka bang le tsona. Hopola ho latela mehato ena e qaqileng 'me u itloaetse ka mehlala ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea hau sehloohong sena.

12. Boikoetliso ba pH le pOH bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi

pH le pOH ke likhopolo tsa motheo k'hemistri tse sebelisetsoang ho lekanya acidity kapa alkalinity ea tharollo. Likhopolo tsena li na le ts'ebeliso e sebetsang bophelong ba rona ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlase ke tse ling tsa boikoetliso tse tla u thusa ho utloisisa hamolemo hore na pH le pOH li sebetsa joang maemong a nnete.

1. Bala pH ea tharollo ea lero la lemone: Ho fumana pH ea tharollo, re tlameha ho qala ka ho tseba motsoako oa li-ion tsa haedrojene (H+) ho eona. Tabeng ea lero la lemone, mahloriso a eona a H+ ke 1 x 10^-2 M. Re sebelisa mokhoa oa pH, e leng pH = -log[H+], re ka bala pH ea tharollo ena. Ho fetola boleng ba mahloriso, re fumana pH = -log(1 x 10^-2) = 2

2. Etsa qeto ea pOH ea tharollo ea lye: Ho bala pOH, re hloka ho tseba motsoako oa li-ion tsa hydroxide (OH-) ka tharollo. Ha re re motsoako oa OH- ka tharollo ea lye ke 1 x 10 ^ -3 M. Ho fumana pOH, re sebelisa foromo pOH = -log[OH-]. Ho fetola boleng ba mahloriso, re na le pOH = -log(1 x 10^-3) = 3

3. Bala pH ea tharollo ea hydrochloric acid: Ha re re re na le tharollo ea hydrochloric acid e nang le motsoako oa H+ oa 1 x 10^-1 M. Re sebelisa mokhoa oa pH, re ka fumana pH = -log(1 x 10 ^-1 ) = 1. Ka hona, tharollo ea hydrochloric acid e na le pH ea 1, e bontšang hore ke tharollo e matla haholo.

13. Boikoetliso bo tsoetseng pele ba pH le pOH bakeng sa Baithuti ba Boemo ba Koleche

Karolong ena, u tla fumana mefuta e fapaneng ea boikoetliso bo tsoetseng pele bo amanang le pH le pOH, e etselitsoeng baithuti ba koleche ka kotloloho. Boikoetliso bona bo tla u thusa ho matlafatsa tsebo ea hau ea ho rarolla mathata a amanang le acidity le motheo oa tharollo ea lik'hemik'hale.

Ketsahalong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, lintlha tsa mohato ka mohato li tla fanoa mabapi le mokhoa oa ho rarolla bothata. Sena se tla kenyelletsa liforomo le li-equations tse loketseng, hammoho le malebela a bohlokoa a ho atamela mofuta o mong le o mong oa boikoetliso. Ho phaella moo, mehlala le litharollo tsa mohato ka mohato li tla hlahisoa, ho u lumella ho utloisisa ka botlalo hore na u ka fumana karabo e nepahetseng joang.

E le hore u rue molemo ka ho fetisisa lithupelong tsena, ho kgothaletswa ho ba le motheo o tiileng metheong ya pH le pOH. Ho boetse hoa thusa ho tloaelana le liforomo le likamano lipakeng tsa li-acid, metheo, le li-pKa tsa tsona tse fapaneng. Ka tsebo ena, u tla itokisetsa ho sebetsana ka sebete le liphephetso tse tsoetseng pele tse hlahisitsoeng karolong ena.

14. Tlhahlobo ea tsebo: tlhahlobo ea boikoetliso ka pH le pOH

Karolong ena, re tlil'o fana ka letoto la boikoetliso bo mabapi le pH le pOH, bo tla u lumella ho lekola. tsebo ya hao mabapi le likhopolo tsena tsa motheo k'hemistri. Ha u ntse u phethela boikoetliso, u ka leka tsebo ea hau ea ho fumana pH ea tharollo le ho bala pOH ho tloha pH.

Ho rarolla lithupelo tsena, ke habohlokoa ho hopola hore pH ke tekanyo ea acidity ea tharollo 'me e baloa ho sebelisoa foromo: pH = -log[H+]. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, pOH ke tekanyo ea motheo oa tharollo 'me e baloa ho sebelisoa foromo: pOH = -log[OH-]. Ho feta moo, hoa hlokahala ho hopola hore pH le pOH ke likala tsa logarithmic, ho bolelang hore yuniti e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e fetohang pH kapa pOH e emela phetoho ea makhetlo a 10 khatellong ea H+ kapa OH- ions, ka ho latellana.

Leano le molemo la ho rarolla lithupelo ke ho latela mehato e latelang: Pele, tseba hore na tharollo e na le asiti kapa ea motheo. Ebe u sebelisa liforomo tsa pH kapa pOH, ha ho loketse, ho bala boleng. Haeba ho hlokahala, fetola pH kapa pOH boleng ho ea ho H+ kapa OH- ions. Qetellong, netefatsa hore na sephetho se fumanoeng se lumellana le sehlopha sa pele sa acid kapa base. Hopola hore ho bohlokoa ho sebetsana ka nepo le li-unit le ho sebelisa li-calculator tsa mahlale bakeng sa lipalo tse rarahaneng haholo.

Qetellong, boikoetliso ba pH le pOH bo re lumella ho utloisisa le ho bala ka nepo acidity kapa alkalinity ea tharollo. Lisebelisoa tsena li bohlokoa k'hemistri le mafapheng a fapaneng a saense, joalo ka bongaka, baeloji le indasteri. Ka ts'ebeliso ea liforomo le tsebo ea theory, re ka tseba hore na ion ea hydrogen (H +) kapa hydroxide (OH-)) e teng ka tharollo, e re fang leseli la bohlokoa mabapi le boitšoaro ba eona ba lik'hemik'hale. Lintho tsa hae. Ho tseba mehopolo ea pH le pOH ho re thusa ho utloisisa mofuta oa lintho tse fapaneng, ho lokisa pH ka tharollo, ho etsa lipalo tse nepahetseng, le ho etsa liqeto tse nepahetseng tikolohong ea mahlale. Ke habohlokoa ho hopola hore pH le pOH ke litekanyo tse re thusang ho utloisisa acidity kapa alkalinity, 'me li ka sebelisoa ka bobeli k'hemistri ea motheo le maemong a thata haholo moo ho hlokahalang taolo e nepahetseng ea tikoloho ea lik'hemik'hale. Re nahanne ka lintlha tsena, boikoetliso ba pH le pOH e ba lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa thutong ea rona le kutloisisong ea k'hemistri. le ditshebediso tsa yona lefatšeng ea sebele.