Ho Hlahloba Libaka tsa Liphoofolo: Mokhoa oa Tekheniki oa Thuto ea Liphoofolo

Lefapheng la thuto ea liphoofolo, ho ithuta ka libaka tsa liphoofolo le libaka tsa liphoofolo ho bohlokoa haholo ho utloisisa liphoofolo tse hlaha le ho li baballa. ka katleho. Ka kutloisiso ena, tlhahlobo ea libaka tsa liphoofolo ka mokhoa oa theknoloji e fetohile sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa bakeng sa bafuputsi le bo-rasaense boitekong ba bona ba ho bokella lintlha tse nepahetseng le ho hlahisa tsebo e ngata. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba metheo ea mokhoa ona le bohlokoa ba eona thutong e hlophisitsoeng le e felletseng ea liphoofolo, ho re fa mokhoa o nepahetseng le o nepahetseng oa ho utloisisa likarolo tse rarahaneng tsa bophelo ba liphoofolo tikolohong ea eona.

Selelekela sa ho hlahloba libaka tsa liphoofolo tikolohong ea tsona ea tlhaho

Rea u amohela lefatšeng le khahlisang la ho hlahloba libaka tsa liphoofolo tse tikolohong ea tsona ea tlhaho! Ka poso ena, re tla kenella ka har'a mokhoa oa tekheniki boithutong ba liphoofolo, re u fe lisebelisoa le tsebo eo u ka e batlisisang. sebopeho se sebetsang hantle mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang tse re potolohileng.

Morero oa rona ke ho u fa lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang tsa ho etsa sampole⁤ le⁤ e qaqileng ea libaka tsa bolulo tsa mefuta e fapaneng. Ho etsa joalo, re tla shebana le mekhoa le mekhoa e nepahetseng, ho tloha ts'ebelisong ea lisebelisoa tsa ho latedisa ho ya ho bokelleng le ho sekaseka disampole tsa tikoloho.

Ho feta moo, re tla holisa tsebo ea hau ea ho shebella le ho lemoha, ho u ruta ho tseba mehato ea maoto, litselana le matšoao a liketso tsa liphoofolo. U tla ikakhela ka setotsoana lefatšeng la limmapa tsa topographic 'me u ithute ho li toloka ho rala liphuputso tsa hau ka leano. Ha ho na meeli ho seo u ka se fumanang le ho se ngola.

Tlhaloso ea ⁢mokhoa oa tekheniki oa boithuto ba liphoofolo

Thuto ea liphoofolo ke thuto ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho utloisisa mefuta-futa ea likokoana-hloko le tikoloho eo liphoofolo li phelang ho eona. Ka kutloisiso ena, ho ba le mokhoa oa tekheniki lipatlisisong tsa liphoofolo tse hlaha e ba ntho ea bohlokoa. Mokhoa oa tekheniki o fana ka monyetla oa ho bokella lintlha tse nepahetseng le tse qaqileng, hammoho le ho sebelisa mekhoa e ikhethileng e re lumellang ho sebetsana le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa boitšoaro, ⁤ ho iphetola ha lintho le tikoloho ea mefuta.

E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa mantlha tsa mokhoa oa tekheniki oa ho ithuta ka liphoofolo ke ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a tsoetseng pele a ho lekola le ho latela. Sena se kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse kang maraba a lik'hamera, li-collar tsa GPS le lisebelisoa tsa telemetry, tse re lumellang ho fumana lintlha tsa bohlokoa mabapi le metsamao, likamano le mekhoa ea liketso tsa liphoofolo. Ho feta moo, tlhahlobo ea lintlha tse bokelletsoeng ka theknoloji ena e re thusa ho utloisisa kabo le bongata ba mefuta ea liphoofolo, hammoho le karabelo ea eona liphetohong tsa tikoloho. tikoloho.

Ntlha e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa mokhoeng ona oa tekheniki ke ho kenya tšebetsong mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea lisampole. Sena se kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea mekhoa e kang linear transect sampling, tšebeliso ea matlooa a moholi ho ithuta linonyana, le ho tšoara le ho tšoaea batho ka bomong bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea baahi. Mekhoa ena e re lumella ho fumana lintlha tse ngata le tse ka bapisoang, tse bohlokoa ho theha mekhoa le mekhoa ea liphoofolo.

Bohlokoa ba khetho e nepahetseng ea lisebelisoa bakeng sa ho hlahloba

Ho etsa boithuto ba liphoofolo libakeng tse fapaneng tsa liphoofolo, ho bohlokoa ho ba le lisebelisoa tse lekaneng tsa ho hlahloba.Khetho ea thepa ena e bohlokoa haholo, kaha ha e ame feela katleho ea thuto, empa le polokeho ea bafuputsi. Ka tlase ke lintlha tse ling tse amehang tsa tekheniki ha u khetha lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa ho skena.

Pele ho tsohle, ho bohlokoa ho ba le li-binoculars boleng bo phahameng. Tsena li u lumella ho fumana pono e haufi le e qaqileng ea liphoofolo ntle le ho kena-kenana le boitšoaro ba tsona ba tlhaho. Ho bohlokoa ho khetha li-binoculars tse nang le lilense tsa boleng bo phahameng ba optical le sebaka se pharaletseng sa pono Ho feta moo, ho eletsoa ho khetha li-binoculars tse nang le sebaka se phahameng se feto-fetohang sa interpupillary, ho ikamahanya le batho ba fapaneng ba kenang thutong.

Ntho e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa khethong ea lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba ke tšebeliso ea lik'hamera tsa lifoto le tsa video. Lisebelisoa tsena li u lumella ho ngola mefuta ea liphoofolo tse fumanoeng, hammoho le ho hapa boitšoaro le litšobotsi tse itseng. Ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa lik'hamera tsa boemo bo holimo tse nang le bokhoni ba ho rekota bo phahameng.Ho feta moo, ho bohlokoa ho ba le tripod e tiileng le e bobebe ho tsitsisa litšoantšo le ho qoba metsamao ea tšohanyetso e ka senyang boleng ba lirekoto.

Mekhoa ea ho etsa sampole le pokello ea lintlha libakeng tsa liphoofolo

Ho bokella lintlha libakeng tsa liphoofolo ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa mefuta e fapaneng ea libaka le libaka tsa tsona tsa bolulo Ho na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea lisampole e sebelisoang ke bafuputsi ho bokella lintlha ho tsoa liphoofolong. tsela e sebetsang le ho nepahala. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba tse ling tsa mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ho ithuta ka liphoofolo.

1. Tlhokomelo e tobileng: Mokhoa ona o akarelletsa ho sheba liphoofolo ka ho toba tikolohong ea tsona ea tlhaho. Mokhoa ona o thusa ho ithuta boitšoaro, ho fepa le ho ikatisa ha mefuta.

2. Traps⁤ le marangrang: Maraba le matlooa a sebelisoa ho tšoasa liphoofolo le ho fumana boitsebiso bo eketsehileng ka tsona. Maraba a ka ba a mefuta e fapaneng, joalo ka masaka kapa mabokose, 'me a ka sebelisoa ho tšoasa liphoofolo tse nyane kapa tse mahareng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, matlooa a sebelisoa ka ho khetheha ho tšoasa linonyana le bo-’mankhane. Mekhoa ena e lumella bafuputsi ho ithuta morphology, physiology le boitšoaro ba mefuta e ithutoang.

Tlhahlobo ea lintlha: mekhoa le lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang thutong ea liphoofolo

Tlhahlobo ea lintlha e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa thutong ea liphoofolo, e re lumellang ho utloisisa le ho fumana lintlha tsa bohlokoa mabapi le palo ea liphoofolo libakeng tse fapaneng tsa libaka. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba mekhoa le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse sebelisoang ts'ebetsong ena, hammoho le bohlokoa ba tsona paballo le taolong ea liphoofolo tse hlaha.

E 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ha ho hlahlojoa lintlha tsa liphoofolo ke ho lekola palo ea batho. Ts'ebetso ena E kenyelletsa pokello e hlophisitsoeng le e tloaelehileng ea lintlha tse mabapi le bongata, kabo le boitšoaro ba mefuta ea liphoofolo sebakeng se itseng. Mekhoa e kang transect sampling, tšebeliso ea maraba a lik'hamera le ho shebella ka ho toba li sebelisoa ho bokella lintlha tse nepahetseng le tse ka lekanyetsoang.

Ntle le tlhahlobo ea palo ea baahi, mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho etsa mohlala oa lipalo-palo e boetse e sebelisoa ho sekaseka lintlha tsa liphoofolo. Lisebelisoa tsena li u lumella ho tseba mekhoa le mekhoa ea data, 'me u etse likhakanyo mabapi le liphetoho tsa nako e tlang mabapi le kabo le bongata ba mefuta. E meng ea mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea bolulo, mohlala oa niche ea tikoloho, le tlhahlobo e tšoailoeng ea ho pholoha ha liphoofolo.

Maikutlo a boitšoaro ho hlahloba libaka tsa liphoofolo

Ha ho hlahlojoa libaka tsa liphoofolo, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko melao ea boitšoaro ho netefatsa tšireletso le paballo ea liphoofolo. Likarolo tsena tsa boitšoaro li bohlokoa haholo mokhoeng oa tekheniki o hlokahalang ho etsa lithuto tse felletseng le tse nepahetseng. Ka tlase ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tseo mofuputsi e mong le e mong a lokelang ho li hopola ha a hlahloba libaka tsa liphoofolo:

• Boloka ho se sitisoe: Ho bohlokoa hore mofuputsi a qobe ho fetola boitšoaro ba tlhaho ba liphoofolo. Sena se akarelletsa ho boloka sebaka se sireletsehileng le ho sebelisana ho fokolang le bona. Ho shebella ho tloha hōle le tšebeliso ea theknoloji e sa hlaseleng, e kang maraba a lik'hamera, li-drones kapa telemetry, li re lumella ho hapa boitsebiso ntle le ho senya boitšoaro ba bona ba letsatsi le letsatsi.
• Tlhompho bakeng sa mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng: Ho hlahlojoa ha libaka tsa liphoofolo ho tlameha ho hlompha mefuta-futa ea mefuta e teng sebakeng sa boithuto.Mofuta o mong le o mong, le haeba e se sepheo se itseng sa lipatlisiso, o lokeloa ke tlhokomelo le tlhompho ea hau. bohlokoa bakeng sa kutloisiso le paballo ea tikoloho ka kakaretso.
• Mehopolo ya bodulo: Thuto ya diphoofolo e tlameha ho ela hloko tshireletso le paballo ya bodulo ba tsona. Sena se kenyelletsa ho qoba tšenyo ea libaka tse bobebe, joalo ka lihlaha, mekoti, kapa libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa ho fepa. Tlhokomeliso le tlhompho bakeng sa tikoloho ea tlhaho li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka botšepehi ba tikoloho le ho fokotsa phello e mpe ea lipatlisiso.

Qetellong, ha ho hlahlojoa libaka tsa liphoofolo, mokhoa oa tekheniki o tlameha ho tsamaisana le maikutlo a boitšoaro ho netefatsa paballo ea liphoofolo le tikoloho ea tsona. Ho se kenelle boitšoarong ba liphoofolo, tlhompho ea mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng le tšireletso ea bolulo ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse lokelang ho eloa hloko. Ke feela ka mokhoa o nepahetseng oa boitšoaro le botekgeniki moo re ka fumanang tsebo e nepahetseng le ea bohlokoa ka liphoofolo, ha re ntse re netefatsa hore boiketlo ba tsona le paballo ea tsona lia sireletsoa.

Litlhahiso tsa ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea batho libakeng tsa liphoofolo

Ha ho hlahlojoa libaka tsa liphoofolo, ho bohlokoa⁢ ho etsa mekhoa ⁤e fokotsang tšusumetso ea batho tikolohong ena e hlokolosi. Ka tlase ke likhothaletso tse ling tsa tekheniki ho netefatsa hore lithuto tsa rona tsa liphoofolo tse hlaha le ts'ebetso ea ho shebella li etsoa ka nepo:

1. Hlompha libaka tse khethiloeng: Ho bohlokoa ho latela litaelo tsa balaoli ba lehae le ⁤ ho hlompha libaka tse sirelelitsoeng⁤ tse khethetsoeng ho shebella liphoofolo. Hangata libaka tsena li khethoa ke litsebi tsa paballo ea lintho tsa tlhaho 'me li reretsoe ho sireletsa mefuta le libaka tsa eona tsa bolulo. Ha u kena libakeng tsena, etsa bonnete ba hore u se ke ua tloha litselaneng kapa libakeng tse lumelletsoeng, kahoo u qoba ho baka tšenyo e eketsehileng ho limela le liphoofolo.

2. Boloka sebaka se sireletsehileng: Ha u shebile liphoofolo, ho bohlokoa ho boloka bohole bo nang le tlhompho e le hore u se ke ua senya boitšoaro ba tsona ba tlhaho. Haeba phoofolo e bontša matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo kapa boemo bo sa thabiseng, khutlela morao ho feta. Sebelisa libonela-hōle, lik'hamera tsa zoom, kapa lisebelisoa tsa ho shebella u le hole ho atamela ntle le ho baka tšitiso e tobileng.

3. Qoba ho sebelisa flash le mabone a khanyang: Tšebeliso ea khanya le mabone a khanyang e ka ba kotsi ho liphoofolo, haholo-holo tse nang le mekhoa ea bosiu. Mabone ana a ka fetola boitšoaro ba bona,⁢ ba foufatsa, kapa ba ba tšosa. Haeba o hloka mabone a eketsehileng bakeng sa mesebetsi ea hau ea boithuto, khetha litoche tse nang le lihloela tse khubelu, kaha tšusumetso ea tsona ho liphoofolo e nyane. Hape hopola ho tima mehloli leha e le efe ea mabone e sa hlokahaleng ha e sa sebelisoe e le hore u se ke ua senya tikoloho ea tlhaho le mekhoa ea boitšoaro ea liphoofolo tsa lehae.

Tšebeliso ea thekenoloji e tsoetseng pele bakeng sa ho sala morao le ho lekola mefuta

Lebaleng la paballo ea liphoofolo tse hlaha, ho latela le ho beha leihlo mefuta ea tsona ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa sa ho utloisisa boitšoaro ba tsona, metsamao ea tsona le litlhoko tsa tsona. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho 'nile ha sebelisoa theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ho fumana boitsebiso bo nepahetseng le bo nepahetseng. ka nako ea 'nete ka bongata ba liphoofolo. Leha ho na le mekhoa e fapaneng, sengolong sena re tla hlahloba mekhoa e meng ea tekheniki ea ho ithuta ka liphoofolo.

E 'ngoe ea mahlale a sebelisoang haholo ho lekola mefuta ea liphoofolo ke tšebeliso⁢ ea lisebelisoa tsa GPS. Lisebelisoa tsena li ka behoa holim'a liphoofolo 'me tsa lumella metsamao ea tsona ho saloa morao. Tlhahisoleseding e fumanweng ho ⁣GPS e ka sebetswa le ho hlahlojwa ⁢ho hlwaya⁢ mekhoa ⁤mefuta, ⁣ libaka tsa ho tsoalisa⁣ le phalliso.

Theknoloji e 'ngoe e fetotseng thuto ea liphoofolo ke ea ho sebelisa maraba a lik'hamera. Lik'hamera tsena ke lisebelisoa tse ikemetseng tse iketsetsang hore li sebetse ha li bona ho sisinyeha. Li sebelisoa haholo ho ithuta ka liphoofolo tsa bosiu le mefuta e sa bonahaleng. Litšoantšo le livideo tse hapiloeng ke maraba a lik'hamera li fana ka boitsebiso ba bohlokoa mabapi le kabo le bongata ba mefuta ea lintho tse phelang.

Mehlala: mehlala ea lipatlisiso tse atlehileng libakeng tsa liphoofolo

Karolong ena, re tla hlahloba lintlha tse ling tsa lipatlisiso tse atlehileng tse entsoeng libakeng tse fapaneng tsa liphoofolo lefatšeng ka bophara. Lithuto tsena li entsoe ke lihlopha tsa bo-ramahlale le litsebi tsa liphoofolo tse hlaha, ba sebelisa mekhoa e khethehileng le lisebelisoa ho utloisisa hamolemo bophelo le boitšoaro ba liphoofolo tse fapaneng.

1. Ho sala morao le ho beha leihlo litlou Afrika: Ntlheng ena ⁤Lekhetlong lena, sehlopha sa bafuputsi se ile sa sebelisa theknoloji ea GPS ea ho latella mokhoa oa ho ithuta ho tsamaea le ho falla ha mohlape oa litlou sebakeng sa polokelo ea lintho tsa tlhaho Afrika. Ka lebaka la phuputso ena, ho ile ha khoneha ho fumana litsela tseo litlou li li ratang, libaka tsa ho phomola le tsa ho fepa, hammoho le ho tseba libaka tse ka bang le likhohlano le lichaba tsa sebaka seo. Lintlha tsena li ile tsa sebelisoa ho kenya tšebetsong mehato ea paballo le tšireletso bakeng sa mefuta ena e kotsing ea ho fela.

2. Tlhahlobo ea meru ea tropike le phello ea eona ho mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng: Tabeng ena, sehlopha sa bo-rasaense se ile sa etsa boithuto bo felletseng sebakeng sa polokelo ea meru ea tropike, se sebelisa lisampole le mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea data. Ka ho bokella lisampole tsa mobu, limela le liphoofolo, mefuta-futa ea mefuta e teng sebakeng seo e ile ea khethoa ’me mekhoa ea kabo ea tsejoa. Ho phaella moo, liphello tsa ho senngoa ha meru le ho arohana ha libaka tsa bolulo ho mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang sebakeng seo li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Liphetho tsa phuputso ena li fane ka tlhahisoleseding ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho etsa liqeto mabapi le tsamaiso ea libaka tse sirelelitsoeng le maano a paballo.

3. Boithuto ba boitšoaro ba li-dolphin ka leoatleng: Sehlopha sa litsebi tsa baeloji ea leoatleng se ile sa sebelisa mokhoa oa ho latela molumo oa molumo le mekhoa ea ho shebella ka ho toba ho ithuta boitšoaro ba li-dolphin sebakeng sa tsona sa tlhaho. Ka li-sensor le li-transmitters tse kenyellelitsoeng liphoofolong, likarolo tse kang tšebelisano ea tsona ea sechaba, litsela tsa ho falla le puisano li ile tsa tlalehoa ka echolocation. Lintlha tse bokelletsoeng li re thusitse ho fumana pono e batsi ea sebopeho sa li-dolphin, tikoloho ea tsona le tsela eo li arabelang ka eona maemong a fapaneng a tikoloho.

Liqeto le maikutlo a nakong e tlang thutong ea liphoofolo ka mokhoa oa botekgeniki

Qetellong, mokhoa oa tekheniki oa boithuto ba liphoofolo libakeng tsa liphoofolo o fana ka melemo e mengata bakeng sa kutloisiso le paballo ea mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng. Ka lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa lisampole le tlhahlobo, bafuputsi ba ka fumana lintlha tse nepahetseng le tse qaqileng mabapi le kabo, bongata le boitšoaro ba mefuta e tikolohong ea eona ea tlhaho.

Mokhoa ona o boetse o re lumella ho khetholla lintlha tse susumetsang matla a batho, joalo ka boteng ba lisebelisoa, liphetoho tsa boemo ba leholimo kapa litšitiso tsa batho. Ho phaella moo, e fana ka motheo o tiileng oa ho kenya ts'ebetsong mehato ea tsamaiso le paballo, ho thusa ho rala maano a sebetsang hantle ho sireletsa bodulo le mefuta e kotsing.

Leha ho le joalo, ke habohlokoa hore re se ke ra lebala hore boithuto ba liphoofolo ha bo fokotsehe feela karolong ea eona ea tekheniki. Ho bohlokoa hape ho nahana ka phello ea batho tikolohong le tlhoko ea ho khothaletsa mekhoa e tšoarellang e netefatsang ho phela ha mefuta le ho leka-lekana ha tikoloho.

Ka bokhuts'oane, mokhoa oa tekheniki oa boithuto ba liphoofolo libakeng tsa liphoofolo o fana ka leseli la bohlokoa bakeng sa lipatlisiso le paballo ea mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng. Ka ho kopanya "tikoloho" ea saense le boitlamo ba ho boloka tikoloho ea rona ea tlhaho, re ka fetela bokamosong boo ho bona batho le liphoofolo ba phelang hammoho ka kutloano, ho netefatsa lefa la liphoofolo tsa rona tse hlaha bakeng sa batho ba tlang.