Lisele tsa Physiology Potoloho

Cell physiology ke thuto ea mantlha boithutong ba lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa tse etsahalang maemong a manyenyane haholo linthong tse phelang. Haholo-holo, ho potoloha ha cellular ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa kabong ea limatlafatsi, ho tlosa litšila, le puisano pakeng tsa lisele le litho tse fapaneng. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba ka botebo mekhoa e amehang ho physiology ea cellular ea ho potoloha le bohlokoa ba eona bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea 'mele. Ho tloha lits'ebetsong tsa lipalangoang tse sebetsang le tse sa sebetseng ho ea ho sebelisana pakeng tsa lisele le phallo ea mali, re tla hlahloba lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse amehang marang-rang ana a rarahaneng a litšebelisano tsa lisele. Itokisetse ho ikakhela ka setotsoana lefatšeng le khahlisang la physiology ea potoloho ea li-cellular.

Selelekela ho Cellular Physiology of the Circulation

Cell physiology ke karolo e thabisang le e fapaneng e shebaneng le ts'ebetso le tšebelisano ea lisele ka har'a 'mele. Boemong ba ho potoloha, physiology ea lisele e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho utloisisa hore na lisele li ikamahanya joang le ho arabela litlhoko tsa tsamaiso ea potoloho. Ka ho ithuta mekhoa e tobileng ea lisele tse hlahang mefuteng e fapaneng ea lisele ho potoloha, re ka fumana temohisiso e tebileng ea hore na khatello ea mali e laoloa joang, hore na limatlafatsi li tsamaisoa joang, le hore na phallo ea mali e laoloa joang, har'a lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa.

E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa physiology ea cellular ea potoloho ke mosebetsi oa lisele tsa endothelial, tse tsamaisang bokahare ba methapo ea mali. Lisele tsena li na le boikarabelo ba ho laola phallo ea mali ka ho hlahisa limolek'hule tsa vasodilatory kapa vasoconstrictive ho arabela lipontšo tsa tikoloho. Ho feta moo, lisele tsa endothelial le tsona li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tabeng ea ho koala mali le ho sebelisana le lisele tsa ho ruruha nakong ea pholiso ea maqeba.

Karolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea physiology ea cellular ea potoloho ke karolo ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, tse tsejoang hape e le erythrocytes. Lisele tsena li na le boikarabelo ba ho tsamaisa oksijene ho pholletsa le 'mele hape li thusa ho tlosa litšila. Ho phethahatsa mosebetsi ona, lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li na le sebōpeho se khethehileng 'me li na le hemoglobin e ngata, e leng protheine e tlamang ho oksijene. Ho feta moo, lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li boetse li khona ho holofala hore li kene ka har'a methapo e moqotetsane, e leng se etsang hore li khone ho fihla liseleng tsohle tsa 'mele.

Ka kakaretso, physiology ea cellular ea potoloho ke sebaka se khahlang se re lumellang ho utloisisa ka botlalo hore na lisele tsamaisong tsamaiso ea ho potoloha ha mali e sebelisana le ho arabela liphetohong tsa 'mele. Ho ithuta ka lisele tsa endothelial le lisele tse khubelu tsa mali maemong a ho potoloha ha ho re thuse feela ho utloisisa physiology ea motheo, empa hape ho re lumella ho utloisisa hantle mafu a pelo le ho hlahisa mekhoa e mecha ea phekolo.

Sebopeho le mosebetsi oa lisele tsa tsamaiso ea mali

Karolo ea liprotheine ho potoloha ha cellular

Liprotheine li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho potoloha ha cellular ka ho nka karolo mefuteng e fapaneng mesebetsi ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tshebetso e nepahetseng ya dintho tse phelang. Limolek'hule tsena li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsamaiseng limatlafatsi le lihlahisoa tsa litšila ho pholletsa le lera la sele, hammoho le puisanong lipakeng tsa lisele le taolong ea lits'ebetso tsa metabolic.

Ntlha ea pele, liprotheine tsa membrane li na le boikarabelo ba ho tsamaisa limolek'hule ho pholletsa le lera la sele. Ka sebōpeho sa tsona se khethehileng, liprotheine tsena li etsa likanale le lipompo tse lumellang hore ho fete lintho tse itseng, tse kang liasiti tsa liamino, tsoekere le li- ion. Taolo ena ea phallo ea limatlafatsi e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka botsitso ba sele ka hare le ho netefatsa hore e sebetsa hantle.

Ntle le karolo ea bona ea lipalangoang, liprotheine li boetse li ikarabella bakeng sa puisano ea cellular. Ka li-membrane receptors, liprotheine li ka lemoha matšoao a lik'hemik'hale ho tsoa liseleng tse ling, joalo ka lihomone kapa li-neurotransmitters, ebe li li fetisetsa seleng. Tšebelisano ena lipakeng tsa liprotheine tsa li-receptor le limolek'hule tse fanang ka lipontšo li baka letoto la liketsahalo tse laolang karabelo ea sele, ebang ke karohanong ea lisele, karohano, kapa ho ikamahanya le liphetoho tsa tikoloho.

Matla a ho potoloha ha mokelikeli oa extracellular

Ho phalla ha metsi 'mele oa motho:

Mokelikeli oa extracellular o phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho laola tekano ea metsi le homeostasis. 'mele oa mothoE entsoe haholo-holo ka lero la interstitial le plasma ea mali, 'me phallo ea eona e nepahetseng ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea lisele le litho tsa' mele. E laoloa ke mekhoa e fapaneng ea ka hare le ea ka ntle, kahoo e netefatsa hore e ajoa hantle.

Mekhoa ea ho potoloha:

Ho na le mabaka a 'maloa a tlatsetsang ho . Tsena li kenyelletsa:

• Hydrostatic pressure: Matla a sebelisoang ke pelo a tsamaisa phallo ea mali methapong ea mali, a hlahisa khatello ea hydrostatic e khothalletsang phapanyetsano ea mokelikeli lipakeng tsa plasma le mokelikeli o kenang lipakeng.
• Khatello ea Osmotic: Phapang pakeng tsa plasma le interstitial fluid e hlahisa khatello ea osmotic eo hape e tlatsetsang ho potoloha ha mokelikeli o tsoang ka ntle ho sele.
• Ho kenella ha Membrane: Thepa ea ho kenella ha lisele le li-capillaries tsa mali li susumetsa taolo ea phallo ea mokelikeli, e lumellang phapanyetsano ea li-solutes le ho tlosoa ha litšila tsa metabolism.

Bohlokoa ba ho potoloha ka nepo:

Phallo e nepahetseng ea mokelikeli o tsoang kantle ho sele e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka botsitso ba metsi, ho tsamaisa limatlafatsi le oksijene liseleng, le ho tlosa litšila tsa metabolism. Tšitiso leha e le efe ea matla ana e ka ba le liphello tse tebileng. bakeng sa bophelo bo botle, joalo ka ho boloka mokelikeli, ho thehoa ha edema, kapa ho fokotseha ha khatello ea mali. Ke habohlokoa ho utloisisa lintho tsa motheo tsa , kaha sena se fana ka boitsebiso ba bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa le ho phekoloa ha mafu a sa tšoaneng a amanang le taolo ea maro a 'mele.

Ho tsamaisa limatlafatsi le oksijene liseleng tsa potoloho ea mali

Ke mohato oa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka tšebetso e nepahetseng ea ’mele ea rōna. Ka lebaka la tsamaiso e rarahaneng le e sebetsang hantle, lisele tsa rona li fumana lintho tse hlokahalang ho li phetha mesebetsi ea eona metabolism le ho fumana matla a hlokahalang.

Mali, ka methapo ea mali, a ikarabella ho tsamaisa limatlafatsi tsena le oksijene ho tloha lithong tse amohelang ho ea liseleng tse li hlokang. Ho finyella sena, tsamaiso ea ho potoloha ha mali e na le sehlopha sa mekhoa e khethehileng e tiisang hore ho ajoa ka ho lekana le ka nako.

Lipalangoang tsa limatlafatsi li etsahala haholo-holo ka tsamaiso ea pelo. Mali a tsamaisa lintho tse fapaneng tse hlokahalang bakeng sa lisele, joalo ka tsoekere, li-amino acid, lipids, divithamini le liminerale. Lintho tsena li monngoa le ho sebetsoa ka maleng ebe li fetisoa ka mali ho ea liseleng le lithong tse li hlokang.

Taolo le taolo ea ho potoloha ha cellular

Taolo le taolo ea ho potoloha ha cellular ke mekhoa ea bohlokoa e netefatsang tšebetso e nepahetseng ea lintho tse phelang. Ka mekhoa e rarahaneng le e hokahaneng, lisele li ka hokahanya potoloho ea bophelo ba tsona, tsa arola le ho boloka homeostasis tikolohong e fetohang.

Ho na le likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa taolong le taolong ea phallo ea cellular. E 'ngoe ea tsona ke potoloho ea lisele, e nang le tatellano e hlophisitsoeng ea liketsahalo tse nolofalletsang ho hōla le ho arohana ha lisele. Potoloho ena e arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e mene e meholo: karolo ea G1, moo sele e hōlang le ho etsa mesebetsi ea eona e tloaelehileng; mokhahlelo oa S, moo liphatsa tsa lefutso li kopitsoang teng; karolo ea G2, moo sele e itokisetsang karohano; le karolo ea M, moo karohano ea lisele e hlahang teng.

Ntle le moo ea potoloho ea lisele, taolo ea ho potoloha ha cellular e boetse e kenyelletsa taolo ea lefu la sele e hlophisitsoeng, e tsejoang e le apoptosis. Apoptosis Ke ts'ebetso E laoloa haholo, e lumella ho felisoa ha lisele tse senyehileng, tse sa hlokahaleng kapa tse ka bang kotsi. Nakong ea apoptosis, lisele li kenya tšebetsong letoto la liprotheine tse bakang ho senyeha ha DNA le liprotheine tsa tsona, e leng se lebisang ho arohaneng ha lisele le ho felisoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ke sesole sa 'mele.

Litšebelisano pakeng tsa lisele tsa potoloho le liphetoho tsa pathological

Litšebelisano pakeng tsa lisele tsa potoloho le liphetoho tsa pathological ke tsa bohlokoa ho utloisisa tsoelo-pele ea mafu le ho batla mekhoa e sebetsang ea phekolo. Litabeng tsa bongaka, lisele tse fapa-fapaneng tsa potoloho ea mali, tse kang lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali le liplatelete, li bontšitsoe hore li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho ruruheng le ho lokiseng lisele. Lisele tsena li sebelisana hammoho le likarolo tse ling tsa tsamaiso ea mali, tse kang methapo ea mali le liprotheine tsa plasma, ho boloka homeostasis le ho arabela liphetohong tsa pathological.

E 'ngoe ea mekhoa e ithutoang ka ho fetisisa ea ho sebelisana ke ho falla ha lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali libakeng tsa ho ruruha. Ha ho na le tšoaetso kapa kotsi, lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali li hoheloa ke matšoao a lik'hemik'hale a lokolloang ke lisele tse lemetseng. Sena se tsejoa e le chemotaxis mme se bohlokoa bakeng sa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Hang ha lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali li fihla sebakeng se ruruhileng, li ka khomarela lisele tsa endothelial tsa methapo ea mali ka limolek'hule tsa adhesion, e leng ho lumellang ho kenella ha tsona ka har'a lisele le ho kenya letsoho karabong ea ho ruruha.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-platelet ke likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa ho thehoa ha mali le ho arabela likotsing tsa methapo. Ha kotsi e hlaha lera la mothapo oa mali, liplatelete li khomarela bokaholimo bo pepeneneng 'me li lokolla lintho tse etsang hore ho be le coagulation cascade, ho etsa leqeba le thibelang ho tsoa mali ho feteletseng. Ntle le karolo ea bona ho coagulation, liplatelete li ka boela tsa lokolla lintlha tsa kholo tse susumetsang ho ata ha lisele le ho falla, kahoo li khothalletsa ho lokisoa le ho tsosolosoa ha lisele tse senyehileng.

Litlhare le likhothaletso tsa ho ntlafatsa physiology ea cellular ea potoloho

Ho na le litlhare le likhothaletso tse fapaneng tse ka thusang ho ntlafatsa physiology ea cellular ea potoloho, ka hona, ho kenya letsoho ts'ebetsong e ntle ea tsamaiso ea rona ea mali. Liphekolo tsena le likhothaletso li shebana le ho susumetsa phallo ea mali, ho matlafatsa lisele, le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba tsona ba ho tsamaisa limatlafatsi le oksijene.

E 'ngoe ea liphekolo tse atlehang ka ho fetisisa ke phekolo ea khatello, e akarelletsang ho apara liaparo tsa ho hatella, tse kang li-stockings kapa li-bandage, tse kenyang khatello ho lipheletsong ho ntlafatsa phallo ea mali. Kalafo ena e thusa ho fokotsa ho ruruha, ho ntlafatsa phallo ea mali le ho thibela maqeba a mali.

Ntle le phekolo ea khatello ea kelello, ho khothalletsoa ho phela bophelo bo botle bo kenyelletsang lijo tse leka-lekaneng le ho ikoetlisa kamehla. Ho ja lijo tse nang le li-antioxidants tse ngata, joalo ka litholoana le meroho, ho tla thusa ho sireletsa lisele ho tsoa tšenyo ea oxidative le ho matlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba pelo. Ka ho tšoanang, mesebetsi ea ’mele e kang ho tsamaea, ho matha, kapa ho sesa ho khothalletsa phallo ea mali le ho matlafatsa methapo ea mali.

Lipotso le Likarabo

P: Cellular Physiology of Circulation ke eng?
A: Cellular Physiology of Circulation e bua ka boithuto ba tšebetso ea fisioloji e etsahalang boemong ba cellular mabapi le phallo ea mali linthong tse phelang.

P: Bohlokoa ba Cellular Physiology of Circulation ke bofe?
A: The Cellular Physiology of Circulation ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho utloisisa hore na lisele li buisana joang le ho hokahanya ho boloka tšebetso e nepahetseng ea tsamaiso ea potoloho ea lintho tse phelang. E boetse e re lumella ho sekaseka mekhoa e amehang ho mafu a pelo le ho hlahisa mekhoa ea phekolo.

P: Ke mekhoa efe ea mantlha e ithutoang ho Cellular Physiology of Circulation?
A: Mekhoa e ka sehloohong e batlisisitsoeng e kenyelletsa sebopeho sa lisele tsa vascular le ts'ebetso, taolo ea phallo ea mali, capillary permeability, tšebelisano ea lisele tsa mali, le karabelo ea methapo ho mefuta e sa tšoaneng.

P: Ke mefuta efe ea lisele tse amehang phallong ea mali?
A: Mefuta e fapaneng ea lisele e ameha phallong ea mali, ho kenyelletsa le lisele tsa endothelial tse tsamaisang methapo ea mali, lisele tse boreleli tsa mesifa tse fumanehang maboteng a methapo le methapo, le lisele tsa mali tse kang lisele tse khubelu le tse tšoeu tsa mali.

P: Ke mekhoa efe e sebelisoang ho ithuta Cellular Physiology of the Circulation?
A: Ho sebelisoa mekhoa e fapaneng ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa physiology ea potoloho ea potoloho, joalo ka fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, electrophysiology, biology ea limolek'hule, le mekhoa ea patch-clamp, hara tse ling. Mekhoa ena e lumella pono e qaqileng le tlhahlobo ea sebopeho le mosebetsi oa lisele tse potolohang mali.

P: Cellular Physiology of Circulation e sebelisoa joang lipatlisisong tsa bongaka?
A: Cellular Physiology of Circulation e sebelisoa liphuputsong tsa bongaka ho utloisisa mekhoa e bakang mafu a pelo a kang khatello ea mali, atherosclerosis le ho hloleha ha pelo. Lithuto tsena li thusa ho theha liphekolo tse sebetsang hantle le liphekolo tse ncha.

P: Litebello tsa kamoso tsa Cellular Physiology of Circulation ke life?
A: Litebello tsa kamoso ho Cellular Physiology of Circulation li kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea mahlale a macha ho ithuta tšebelisano lipakeng tsa lisele le litho tsa 'mele, nts'etsopele ea liphekolo tsa motho ka mong, le ts'ebeliso ea tsebo kalafong e nchafatsang ho lokisa lisele tse senyehileng tsa methapo.

Ka kakaretso

Ka bokhutšoanyane, physiology ea cellular e potolohang ke karolo e tsotehang e re lumellang ho fumana kutloisiso e qaqileng ea mekhoa ea ka hare ea tsamaiso ea rona ea ho potoloha ha mali. Ka ho utloisisa hore na lisele li buisana joang le ho ikamahanya le maemo a fapaneng, re ka fumana temohisiso ea bohlokoa mabapi le ho sebetsa ha ’mele oa motho. Ho tloha tšebelisanong ea lipontšo tsa lik'hemik'hale maling ho ea ho lipalangoang tsa lintho tsa bohlokoa ka methapo ea mali, physiology ea cellular ea potoloho e re fa pono e pharaletseng ea hore na 'mele oa rona o boloka homeostasis ea oona joang. Ho ithuta lekala lena la baeloji ho re fa monyetla oa ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea mekhoa ea motheo ea mafu a fapaneng, 'me mohlomong, ho fumana maano a macha a kalafo ea bona. Ka tsoelo-pele e 'ngoe le e' ngoe lefapheng la physiology ea cellular ea potoloho, re atamela haufi le kutloisiso e khōloanyane ea ho rarahana ha tlhaho ea bophelo ba motho.