Google e hlahisa Willow, chip ea quantum e fetolang khomphutha ka tsoelopele ea nalane

Google e tšoaile pele le ka morao tšimong ea quantum computing ka tlhahiso ea Likokoana-hloko, chip ea eona e ncha ea quantum e tšepisang ho fetola theknoloji ena. Ka boholo ba lisenthimithara tse seng kae feela, processor ena e khona ho etsa lipalo ka metsotso e mehlano feela e ka nkang li-supercomputer tse tsoetseng pele nako e telele ho feta lilemo tse hakantsoeng tsa bokahohle. Sena sohle, ka lebaka la motsoako oa matla a khomphutha ao a sa kang a bonoa le tsoelopele e kholo ho tokiso ea phoso ea quantum.

Nts'etsopele ena ha e bontše feela boitlamo ba Google ho quantum computing, empa hape e totobatsa kamoo theknoloji ena e atamelang kateng. Likopo tse sebetsang e neng e ka rarolla mathata a rarahaneng mafapheng a kang bongaka, k'hemistri le bohlale ba maiketsetso.

Ho tlola ha quantum ho lokisa phoso

E 'ngoe ea litšitiso tse kholo tsa khomphutha ea quantum ho fihlela joale e bile ts'oaetso e kholo ea li-qubits (li-unit tsa mantlha tsa data ho sistimi ea quantum) ho baka liphoso ka lebaka la lintlha tse kang lerata, liphetoho tsa mocheso kapa mahlaseli. Mefokolo ena, e bokellaneng, e rarahane scalability ea litsamaiso. Leha ho le joalo, Willow o khonne ho hlola moeli ona ho sebelisa theknoloji ea tokiso ea liphoso e fokotsang sekhahla sa ho hloleha ka sekhahla ka ho eketsa palo ea li-qubits tse sebelisoang.

Tsoelo-pele ena, e tsejoang tšimong e le "ho lula ka tlas'a monyako," e lumella litsamaiso tsa quantum hore li atlehe haholoanyane le tse nepahetseng, ho rarolla mathata ntle le ho lahleheloa ke thepa ea quantum e ba khethollang ho tloha lik'homphieutha tsa khale. Ho ea ka Hartmut Neven, hlooho ea Google Quantum AI, "lena ke lekhetlo la pele ha sistimi e ntse e hola ka boholo, eseng ea khale."

Katleho e makatsa le ho feta ha u ela hloko hore khalemelo ea phoso ea nako ea sebele e entsoe ka 3x3, 5x5 le 7x7 qubit arrays, ho laola ho lelefatsa bophelo ba bohlokoa ba li-qubits tse utloahalang ho feta meeli ea hona joale.

Bophahamo ba quantum ho feta meeli e tsejoang

Ho lekanya katleho ea Willow, Google e sebelisitse teko ea Random Circuit Sampling (RCS), e nkoang e le maemo a thata ka ho fetisisa ka quantum computing. Teko ena e ikemiselitse ho netefatsa hore na komporo ea quantum e ka etsa ho hong ho ke keng ha khoneha bakeng sa komporo ea khale. Mme Willow o ile a feta tekong ka mebala e fofang: e entse lipalo ka nako e ka tlase ho metsotso e mehlano e ka nkang komporo e kholo joalo ka Frontier 10 septillion lilemo.

"Liphetho tsena lia thabisa hobane li bonts'a hore re ntse re lebile ho likhomphutha tse sebetsang le tse nang le thuso tse ngata," ho boletse Michael Newman, mofuputsi oa Google. Ts'ebetso ena e beha Willow ka pele ho ba pele ho eona, joalo ka Sycamore, Google's quantum chip e hlahisitsoeng ka 2019.

Lits'ebetso tsa phetoho li haufi

Bokhoni ba Willow bo feta hole ho feta tlhahlobo ea laboratori. Ho latela Google, chip ena ke mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho theha lik'homphieutha tsa quantum e ka rarollang mathata a rarahaneng a lefatše la sebele. Har'a likopo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa ke:

• Tsoelopele e potlakileng le e sebetsang ea lithethefatsi.
• Ntlafatso ea libeteri tse phahameng tsa likoloi tsa motlakase.
• Ho hlahloba menyetla e mecha ho bohlale ba maiketsetso le ho ithuta ka mochini.

Ho feta moo, litsebi li hlokomela hore bokhoni ba Willow ba ho lokisa liphoso ka nako ea nnete bo ka potlakisa tsoelo-pele libakeng tse kang. matla a ho kopanya nyutlelie, sebaka se nkoang e le senotlolo sa ho rarolla mathata a kamoso a matla.

Bokamoso ba quantum computing

Ho sa tsotellehe liphello tsa bona tse tsotehang, bafuputsi baa lumela hore ho sa ntse ho e-na le tsela e telele e lokelang ho etsoa pele lik'homphieutha tsa quantum e le 'nete ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho ea ka Carlos Sabín, setsebi sa fisiks sa Autonomous University of Madrid, le hoja Willow a fana ka pono e tšepisang, “re ntse re le hōle le ho ba le lintlha tse utloahalang tse lekaneng ho etsa lipalo tse molemo.”

Leha ho le joalo, Google e na le tšepo ea hore tsoelo-pele ena e tla bula menyako e mecha, eseng feela lefapheng la lipatlisiso, empa hape le ts'ebelisong e sebetsang ea theknoloji ena ea phetoho. Harmut Neven o hatisa hore, le Willow, "re mohato o le mong o haufi le ho etsa hore lik'homphieutha tse sebetsang ka bongata e be ntho ea sebele."

Ka Willow, computing ea quantum e kopantsoe e le sesebelisoa sa monyetla oa ho fetola lefatše la rona. Ho tloha phokotsong ea liphoso ho isa ho bonts'a bophahamo ba bongata, chip ena e tšoaea phetoho tseleng e lebisang phetohong e kholo e latelang ea theknoloji.