Hormone e sebelisang cyclic AMP joalo ka lenqosa la bobeli ha e sebetsa ka ketso ea cellular.

Lefapheng la baeloji ea lisele, cyclic AMP e totobalitsoe e le lenqosa la bobeli la bohlokoa phetisong ea matšoao a lihomone. Li-hormone tsena, tse khonang ho sebetsa tšebetsong ea lisele, li sebelisa hormone e sebelisang cyclic AMP joalo ka mokena-lipakeng oa eona ea ka sehloohong. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba ka ho qaqileng bohlokoa ba hormone ena le hore na e kenella joang lits'ebetsong tsa intracellular, e totobatsang karolo ea eona ea bohlokoa taolong ea mesebetsi e sa tšoaneng ea likokoana-hloko. Ka mokhoa oa tekheniki, re tla sekaseka mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea eona le litlamorao tse hlahisoang ke mefuta e fapaneng ea lisele. Ha re ntse re tsoela pele phuputsong ena, re tla senola bohlokoa ba ho utloisisa karolo ea cyclic AMP ho cascade ea pontšo ea li-hormone, kahoo re bula maikutlo a macha lefapheng la biology ea limolek'hule le lisele.

- Kenyelletso ea hormone e sebelisang cyclic AMP joalo ka lenqosa la bobeli

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) ke lenģosa la bobeli le bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa phetisong ea lets'oao la cellular. Karolong ena, re tla kenella ho hormone e sebelisang cyclic AMP e le lenģosa la bobeli le ho hlahloba mekhoa ea eona ea liketso le liphello tsa 'mele.

Hormone eo ho buuoang ka eona e tsejoa e le cyclic AMP (cAMP) -stimulating hormone, kaha mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong ke ho kenya tšebetsong sebopeho sa cAMP seleng e lebisitsoeng. Hang ha e lokolloa ho potoloha, hormone ena e tlama ho receptor e itseng lera la sele, ho etsa hore ho be le liketsahalo tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale tse qetellang li lebisa ho eketseha ha maemo a intracellular cAMP.

Keketseho ⁤cAMP⁤ e na le litlamorao tse ngata boemong ba cellular. E 'ngoe ea litlamorao tse kholo ke ts'ebetso ea protheine kinase A (PKA), eo le eona e etsang phosphorylate e fapaneng ea liprotheine seleng. Sena se hlahisa letoto la likarabelo tsa 'mele, joalo ka taolo ea polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho tsamaisoa ha li-ion ho pholletsa le lera, le ho feto-fetoha ha ho hlahisoa ha lihomone le li-neurotransmitters. Ho feta moo, cAMP e ka boela ea sebelisana le manģosa a mang a bobeli le litsela tsa lipontšo, e leng ho matlafatsang karabelo ea lisele ho hormone.

- Karolo ea bohlokoa ea cyclic AMP liketsong tsa cellular

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho laola mesebetsi e mengata ea cellular. Molek'hule ena e nyenyane, eo hape e tsejoang e le lenģosa la bobeli, e sebetsa e le pontšo ea intracellular e matlafatsang le ho fetisa tlhahisoleseding ho tloha ka ntle ho sele ho ea ka hare ho eona, e leng se hlahisang letoto la likarabo tsa likokoana-hloko.

E 'ngoe ea mesebetsi e ka sehloohong ea cyclic AMP ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho kenya tšebetsong li-enzyme tse itseng ka ho kenya ts'ebetso ea protheine kinases e itšetlehileng ka cAMP.

Ho phaella moo, cyclic AMP e boetse e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho fetola puisano ea liselefouno ka ho laola ho bula le ho koala liteishene tsa ion lesela la plasma. Sena se tlatsetsa ho fetisetsoang ha matšoao a motlakase ka har'a lisele tse kang tsamaiso ea methapo le mesifa ea masapo, e leng se lumellang karabelo e potlakileng le e hokahaneng ho ts'usumetso ea kantle.

- Mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea⁢ hormone le cyclic AMP

Mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea li-hormone le cyclic AMP ke ea bohlokoa ho utloisisa hore na mesebetsi e fapaneng ea cellular e laoloa joang 'meleng. ⁢Mekhoa ena e rarahane haholo 'me e ⁤ e kenyelelitsoe mefuteng e mengata ea mekhoa ea physiological.

Ho na le litsela tse 'maloa tseo ka tsona hormone e ka kenyang tlhahiso ea cyclic AMP ka seleng. E 'ngoe ea litsela tse ka sehloohong ke ka ho tlamahanngoa ha li-hormone ho li-receptor tsa eona tse khethehileng holim'a sele. Tlamahano ena e baka letoto la liketsahalo tsa biochemical tse qetellang li etsa hore enzyme ea adenylate cyclase e sebetse. Adenylate cyclase e ikarabella bakeng sa ho susumetsa phetoho ea ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ho cyclic AMP.

Hang ha cyclic AMP e hlahisoa, e sebetsa e le lenģosa la bobeli, e fetisetsa pontšo ea hormone ho tloha sebakeng sa sele ho ea khubung. Ka khubung, cyclic AMP e kenya tšebetsong cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), e laolang ts'ebetso ea lintlha tse fapaneng tsa transcript le ho fetola polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ho feta moo, cyclic AMP e boetse e na le liphello tse tobileng ho liprotheine tse fapa-fapaneng le li-enzyme tse amehang ho laola mesebetsi ea lisele tse kang ho fokotseha ha mesifa, secretion ea li-hormone, le lipid le metabolism ea carbohydrate.

- Tšebelisano ea hormone le li-receptor tsa eona tsa cellular

Tšebelisano ea hormone le li-receptor tsa eona tsa cellular ke ts'ebetso e bohlokoa bakeng sa puisano le taolo tsamaisong ea endocrine. Li-receptor tsa cellular ke liprotheine tse ikhethileng tse fumanehang ka har'a lera la sele kapa ka har'a sele, tse nang le bokhoni ba ho ikamahanya le hormone e tsamaellanang le eona. Tlamahano ena e baka letoto la liketsahalo tsa intracellular tse lebisang ho karabelo e itseng ea 'mele.

Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea li-receptor tsa cellular bakeng sa lihomone tse fapaneng, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le litšobotsi le mesebetsi e itseng. E meng ea mefuta ea mantlha ea li-receptor tsa lihormone e kenyelletsa:

• Li-receptor tsa membrane: Li fumaneha holim'a sele 'me li ikarabella bakeng sa ho fetisetsa lipontšo tsa extracellular ho ea ka hare ho sele. Li-receptor tsena li kenya tšebetsong litsela tsa matšoao a intracellular ka ts'ebetso ea protheine ea G kapa protheine phosphorylation.
• Li-receptor tsa nyutlelie: Li fumaneha khubung ea sele 'me li khethehile taolong ea polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ha li tlama ho hormone, li-receptor tsena li fallela khubung 'me li tlamahane le tatellano e khethehileng ea DNA, e fetolang ho ngoloa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso, ka hona, protheine synthesis.
• Li-receptor tsa Cytoplasmic: Li fumanoa ho cytoplasm ea sele 'me li ka laola mosebetsi oa li-enzyme kapa mosebetsi oa organelles. Li-receptor tsena li ka tlama ka ho toba ho hormone kapa tsa hloka hore e sebelisoe pele ke li-enzyme tse itseng.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, ho sebelisana ha hormone le li-receptor tsa eona tsa cellular ke mokhoa o rarahaneng le o laoloang haholo o phethang karolo ea bohlokoa ho fetisetsoang ha pontšo le karabelo ea 'mele ea' mele ho tseba mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea li-receptors le mekhoa ea ketso e Amanang ke ea bohlokoa ho utloisisa liphello ea li-hormone 'meleng.

- Liphello tsa 'mele tsa hormone le cyclic AMP

Hormone le cyclic AMP li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa 'mele. Ka tlase ke tse ling tsa litlamorao tse bohlokoa tseo limolek'hule tsena li nang le tsona 'meleng ea rona:

- Taolo ea metabolism: Cyclic AMP e sebetsa e le lenģosa la intracellular mme e kenya letsoho ts'ebetsong ea lipolysis, mokhoa oo lipids tse bolokiloeng li sebelisoang e le mohloli oa matla. Ntle le moo, e hlohlelletsa gluconeogenesis, e nang le sebopeho sa tsoekere ho tsoa ho likarolo tse se nang lik'habohaedreite. Ka tsela ena, hormone le cyclic AMP li kenya letsoho ho boloka tekanyo e lekaneng ea matla.

- Taolo ea khatello ea mali: Limolek'hule tsena li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho laola khatello ea mali. Hormone le cyclic AMP li khothalletsa ho phutholoha ha methapo ea mali, e leng se etsang hore ho fokotsehe ha methapo ea mali e fokotsehile 'me kahoo e fokotse khatello ea mali. taolo ea sodium le potasiamo 'meleng.

- Ho feto-fetoha ha tšebetso ea methapo ea kutlo: Hormone le cyclic AMP li na le litlamorao mabapi le tsamaiso ea methapo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li kenya letsoho ho feto-fetoheng ha ho lokolloa ha li-neurotransmitters, tse kang dopamine le serotonin, tse amehang ho laola maikutlo le boitšoaro. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, limolek'hule tsena li boetse li ameha ka polasetiki ea synaptic, mokhoa o lumellang ho ikamahanya le maemo le ho ithuta ha neuronal.

- Litlamorao tsa bongaka le tsa kalafo tsa lihomone le cyclic AMP

Liphello tsa bongaka le tsa kalafo tsa hormone le cyclic AMP

Hormone le cyclic AMP ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa taolong ea lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa cellular le fisioloji 'meleng oa motho. Tšusumetso ea eona e tloha ho ts'ebetso ea endocrine ho ea tsamaisong ea methapo le karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Ka tlase ke tse ling tsa litlamorao tsa bongaka le tsa kalafo tse amanang le homone le cyclic AMP:

1. Taolo ea endocrine: Hormone le cyclic AMP li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa taolong ea lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa endocrine, joalo ka tlhahiso le ho lokolloa ha lihomone ke litšoelesa tsa endocrine. Ho feta moo, likarolo tsena li ameha ho bonts'a li-hormone liseleng tse lebisitsoeng, kahoo li tlatsetsa ho boloka botsitso ba li-hormone 'meleng.

2. Mathata a metabolism⁢: ⁢Lithuto tse fapaneng li bonts'itse ho kenya letsoho ha lihomone le cyclic AMP ho pathophysiology ea mathata a metabolism, joalo ka mofuta oa 2 oa lefu la tsoekere le botenya. Ho se sebetse ha litsela tsa matšoao a metsoako ena ho ka baka ho se leka-lekane ho metabolism ea tsoekere le ho laola takatso ea lijo, e leng se tlatsetsang ho nts'etsopele ea mafu ana. Ka hona, thuto ea mekhoa ena ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa moralo oa mekhoa e sebetsang ea phekolo⁤.

3. Mafu a kelello: Hormone le cyclic AMP li boetse li ameha ho pathophysiology ea mafu a neuropsychiatric, joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo le schizophrenia. Litsela tsena tsa matšoao li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa mosebetsing oa neuronal, synaptic plasticity le neurotransmission, e bontšang bohlokoa ba bona ho nts'etsopele le phekolo ea maloetse ana. Litlhare tse reretsoeng ho fetola matšoao a li-hormone le cyclic AMP li ka emela mokhoa o mong o tšepisang bakeng sa taolo ea mathata ana.

- Lipatlisiso tsa hajoale mabapi le AMP ea cyclic e le lenģosa la bobeli liketsong tsa cellular

Lipatlisiso tsa hajoale ka cyclic AMP⁢ joalo ka lenqosa la bobeli⁤ ts'ebetsong ea cellular

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) ke mokena-lipakeng oa bohlokoa oa intracellular o hlahisang likarabo tse ngata tse fapaneng tsa lisele. Hajoale, ho ntse ho etsoa lipatlisiso tse ngata ho utloisisa hamolemo karolo ea cAMP joalo ka lenqosa la bobeli ts'ebetsong ea cellular. Tse ling tsa lipatlisiso tse hlahelletseng sebakeng sena li hlahisoa ka tlase:

1. Taolo ea pontšo ea kampo

• Boithuto ba li-enzyme tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho qaptjoa le ho senyeha ha cAMP.
• Tlhahlobo ea li-receptor tsa G tsa protheine tse kenyang tšebetsong kapa tse thibelang tlhahiso ea cAMP.
• Patlisiso ea litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa lipalangoang tsa cAMP ho pholletsa le lera la sele.

2. Mesebetsi ea cAMP liketsong tsa cellular

• Boithuto ba ho kenya tšebetsong kapa ho thibela⁢ ea li-enzyme tse itseng ⁢ka mokhoa⁤ cAMP.
• Tlhahlobo ea taolo ea cAMP-mediated ea liphatsa tsa lefutso.
• Patlisiso ea litsela tsa mats'oao a kahare ho lisele tseo ⁢cAMP e nkang karolo ho tsona.

3. Liphello tsa bongaka le tsa phekolo

• Ho hlahlojoa ha lipheo tse ka bang teng tsa kalafo ho ipapisitsoe le ho feto-fetoha ha matšoao a cAMP.
• Boithuto ba mafu le mathata a amanang le liphetoho tseleng ea matšoao a cAMP.
• Patlisiso ea mekhoa ea ho kenella ea kalafo e reretsoeng ho khutlisetsa cAMP homeostasis liseleng tse kulang.

Liphuputso tsena tsa hajoale li fana ka leseli le lecha mabapi le bohlokoa ba cAMP joalo ka lenqosa la bobeli ts'ebetsong ea cellular, 'me e ka ba le litlamorao tsa bohlokoa ntlafatsong ea liphekolo tse ncha le kutloisisong ea mafu a amanang le ho se sebetse ha tsela.

Q&A

P: cyclic AMP ke eng 'me e sebetsa joang e le lenģosa la bobeli liketsong tsa cellular?
A: Cyclic AMP, kapa cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ke molek'hule ea bohlokoa phetisong ea matšoao a intracellular. E sebetsa joalo ka lenqosa la bobeli ha lihomone tse itseng li tlamella ho li-receptor tse lerapeng la sele. Ho tlamaha ha ligand ho receptor ho qala liketsahalo tse ngata tse hlahisang keketseho ea litekanyetso tsa AMP tsa intracellular cyclic.

P: Ke li-hormone life tse ka sehloohong tse sebelisang cyclic AMP e le lenģosa la bobeli?
A: Tse ling tsa lihomone tse kholo tse sebelisang cyclic AMP e le lenqosa la bobeli li kenyelletsa epinephrine, norepinephrine, adrenaline, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) le⁤ glucagon. Li-hormone tsena⁢ li tlama ho li-receptor tsa tsona tse khethehileng ka har'a lera la sele 'me li baka letoto la liketsahalo tse hlahisang motsoako oa intracellular cyclic AMP.

P: cyclic AMP e hlahisoa joang? boemo ba cellular?
A: Cyclic AMP e entsoe ho tloha ho adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ka ketso ea enzyme ea adenylate cyclase. Ha hormone e tlamella mokelikeli oa eona ho lera la sele, e etsa hore adenylate cyclase e sebetse 'me e khothalletsa phetoho ea ATP ho cyclic AMP. Sena se fella ka keketseho ea maemo a intracellular cyclic AMP, e leng se bakang likarabo tse ngata tsa cellular.

P: Mesebetsi ea cyclic AMP liketsong tsa cellular ke efe?
A: Cyclic AMP e na le mesebetsi e fapaneng ts'ebetsong ea cellular. E kenella ts'ebetsong ea protheine kinase A, e phosphorylate le ho kenya tšebetsong mefuta e mengata ea liprotheine tsa cellular, e lebisang taolong ea mekhoa e mengata ea 'mele. Ho feta moo, cyclic AMP e ka boela ea laola liteishene tsa ion le polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, e ama lits'ebetso tse joalo ka metabolism, secretion, le kholo ea lisele.

P: Ho etsahala'ng ha ho na le keketseho e telele ea maemo a cyclic AMP?
A: Keketseho ea nako e telele ea maemo a intracellular cyclic AMP e ka ba le litlamorao tse kholo ts'ebetsong ea cellular. E ka 'na ea fella ka ho eketseha ha phosphorylation ea liprotheine tsa cellular, tse ka lebisang liphetohong tsa lisele tsa cellular kapa esita le lefu. lefu la sele hlophisitsoe. Ho phaella moo, e ka ama liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho fetola kutloisiso ea li-receptor tsa cellular ho hormone e susumetsang, e ka fetolang karabelo e tloaelehileng ea lisele.

P: Na ho na le mafu a amanang le ho se sebetse ha cyclic AMP joalo ka lenģosa la bobeli?
A:⁤ E, ho se sebetse ho cyclic AMP signaling pathway ho bontšitsoe hore ho amahanngoa le maloetse a mangata, a kang thyroid-stimulating hormone resistance syndrome, mafu a pelo, mathata a metabolism, le mefuta e meng ea kankere. Ho utloisisa tsela ea ho bonts'a AMP ea cyclic le karolo ea eona liketsong tsa cellular ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea liphekolo tse lebisitsoeng ho mafu ana.

Maikutlo a bokamoso

Ka kakaretso, hormone e sebelisang cyclic AMP e le lenģosa la bobeli ha e sebetsa ka ketso ea cellular ke mokhoa o tsotehang o hlahisang letoto la liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa phetisong ea matšoao. Cyclic AMP, e hlahisoang ke ts'ebetsong ea receptor ea hormone, e sebetsa e le molek'hule oa lenģosa la intracellular, e qalang liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa biochemical tse qetellang ka karabo e lakatsehang ea cellular.

Ka ts'ebetso ea cyclic AMP-e itšetlehileng ka protheine kinase (PKA), cyclic AMP e fetola ts'ebetso ea liprotheine tse fapaneng le li-enzyme, kahoo e laola lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa tse kang protheine synthesis le gene expression. Tšebelisano ena e haufi pakeng tsa hormone, cyclic AMP le PKA e lumella ho holisa ka nepo le ho hokahanya ha matšoao a li-hormone, ho netefatsa karabelo e lekaneng le e sebetsang ea cellular.

Ho feta moo, cyclic AMP joalo ka lenqosa la bobeli e fana ka boits'oaro bo phahameng ketsong ea eona, kaha e hlahisoa feela ka lebaka la ho tlamahanngoa ha lihomone ho moamoheli oa eona o ikhethileng. Sena se fana ka taolo e tiileng holim'a karabo ea liselefouno, ho qoba likarabo tse sa batleheng kapa tse sa lokelang.

Qetellong, ho utloisisa karolo ea cyclic AMP e le lenģosa la bobeli liketsong tsa cellular ke habohlokoa ho senola mekhoa e tlas'a mekhoa e mengata ea physiological le pathological. Khokahano ena e rarahaneng ea matšoao e re thusa ho utloisisa hore na lihomone li khona ho laola le ho hlophisa tšebetso ea cellular ka nepo le ka nepo. Ntle ho pelaelo, karolo ena ea boithuto e tla tsoela pele ho hola le ho hlahisa litšibollo tse khahlisang nakong e tlang.