Mecatrónica: Historia, aplicaciones y campo ocupacional

Mecatrónica: Historia, aplicaciones y campo ocupacional

Mechatronics ke taeo e kopanyang mechanics, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le boenjiniere ba taolo. ho theha litsamaiso le lihlahisoa tsa othomathike. E hlahile e le karabelo tlhokahalong ea ho kopanya likarolo tse fapaneng tsa thekenoloji mme e bile teng ka potlako ho tloha ha e qala ka bo-1960. Sengoliloeng sena, re tla hlahloba nalane ea mechatronics, ts'ebeliso ea eona liindastering tse fapaneng, le mefuta e mengata ea mesebetsi eo e fanang ka eona ho litsebi tsa boenjiniere.

Histori ea mechatronics e qalile lilemong tsa bo-1960, ha lentsoe lena le qala ho sebelisoa ho hlalosa ho kopanngoa ha mechine le lisebelisoa tsa elektronike ho litsamaiso tse ikemetseng. Leha ho le joalo, metso ea eona e teng lithutong tsa pejana tse kang li-automation tsa indasteri le liroboto. Mokhoa ona oa interdisciplinary e ile ea e-ba ea bohlokoa ka ho eketsehileng lefatšeng la tsoelo-pele ea kamehla ea theknoloji.

Kajeno, mechatronics e fumaneha hoo e batlang e le indastering e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, ho tloha ho likoloi ho ea ho tsa bongaka. Lisebelisoa tsa Mechatronics li ngata haholo 'me li ka fumanoa lihlahisoa le lits'ebetso tse kang likoloi tse ikemetseng, liroboto tsa indasteri, lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa bongaka, le lisebelisoa tsa lifeme. Lisebelisoa tsena li ipapisitse le bokhoni ba mechatronics ho kopanya mechini, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le likhomphutha ho theha litharollo tse ncha le tse sebetsang hantle.

Lekala la mosebetsi oa mechatronics le pharaletse 'me le fana ka menyetla e mengata bakeng sa litsebi tsa boenjiniere. Litsebi tsa Mechatronics li ka sebetsa liindastering tse kang tsa likoloi, sefofane, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki, tlhahiso ea matla le meriana. Boikarabello ba bona bo ka kenyelletsa moralo, ho kenya, ho hlokomela le ho ntlafatsa litsamaiso tsa mechatronic, hammoho le lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea mahlale a macha. Tlhokahalo ea litsebi tse nang le litsebo tsa mechatronics e ntse e hola ha lik'hamphani li batla ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le boits'oaro ba lits'ebetso tsa bona.

Ka bokhutšoane, mechatronics ke taeo e fapaneng e tsoetseng pele ka potlako ho tloha qalong ea 1960s. Sus aplicaciones Li kholo ebile li teng liindastering tse fapaneng, 'me sebaka sa mosebetsi sa mechatronics se pharalletse ka ho lekana ebile se ntse se hola khafetsa. Litheknishiene tse koetlisitsoeng tsa mechatronics li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng ts'ebetso le boqapi ba theknoloji. lefats'eng hona joale.

1. Tlhaloso le tšimoloho ea mechatronics

Mechatronics ke taeo e kopanyang boenjiniere ba mechini, ba elektroniki le ba taolo ho rala le ho nts'etsapele litsamaiso tse ikemetseng. Tšimoloho ea eona e qalile lilemong tsa bo-1960, ha lentsoe lena le ne le hlahisoa ke moenjiniere oa Lejapane Tetsuro Mori. Mechatronics e hlaha ho tloha tlhokahalo ea ho kopanya ka katleho likarolo tsa mochini le tsa elektroniki tsamaisong e le 'ngoe, ka sepheo sa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea eona.Ho tloha ka nako eo, e bile le kholo e kholo 'me e se e le teng makaleng a mangata a indasteri le litšebeletso.

Mechatronics e na le ts'ebeliso maemong a fapaneng a fapaneng. Mohlala, indastering ea likoloi, e sebelisoa ho rala le ho etsa likoloi tse ikemetseng le lits'ebetso tsa taolo ea elektroniki ho ntlafatsa polokeho le katleho ea likoloi. Indastering ea tlhahiso, mechatronics e sebelisoa ho nts'etsapele lits'ebetso tsa boits'oaro le liroboto tsa indasteri tse tsamaisang lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso.. E boetse e sebelisoa ho tsa bongaka, temo, liroboto, le li-automation tsa lapeng, har'a likarolo tse ling.

Lekala la mosebetsi oa mechatronics le pharaletse ebile le fana ka menyetla e mengata ea mosebetsi. Litheknishiene tsa Mechatronics li ka sebetsa libakeng tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa moralo oa sistimi e ikemetseng, mananeo a taolo, tlhokomelo ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le tsa mochini, lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea mahlale a macha, le boeletsi bo ikhethileng. Ho feta moo, mechatronics e teng lik'hamphaning tsa boholo bo fapaneng, ho tloha mekhatlong ea machaba ho isa likhoebong tse nyane le tse mahareng., e fanang ka ho feto-fetoha ha maemo le mefuta-futa ea likhetho tsa mesebetsi bakeng sa litsebi taeong ena.

2. Phetoho ea mechatronics le ts'ebeliso ea eona ea hajoale

Mechatronics ke taeo e kopanyang boenjiniere ba mechini, elektroniki, khomphutha le taolo ho rala le ho nts'etsapele sistemas inteligentes le ho iketsa. Lentsoe "mechatronics" le qapiloe lilemong tsa bo-1960, empa phetoho ea lona e khutlela morao haholo. Lentsoe "mechatronics" le tsoa ho motsoako oa "mechanics" le "electronics," e bontšang ho kopanngoa ha lithuto tsena tse peli lefapheng la thuto. Mohopolo oa mantlha ka mor'a mechatronics ke ho theha litsamaiso tse kopanyang ho nepahala le ho feto-fetoha ha mechanics le bokhoni ba ho sebetsa le ho laola lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki.

Lisebelisoa tsa mechatronics li ngata 'me li ka fumanoa liindastering tse fapaneng, tse kang tsa likoloi, tsa tlhahiso, tsa sefofane le tsa bongaka. Ka mohlala, indastering ea likoloi, mechatronics e sebelisoa ho hlahisa mekhoa ea ho thusa bakhanni e kang anti-lock braking systems (ABS) le tsamaiso ea botsitso (ESP). Ha ho etsoa, ​​mechatronics e bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea liroboto tsa indasteri le lits'ebetso tsa automation. Lefapheng la bongaka, mechatronics e nolofalelitse tsoelo-pele e kholo moralong oa li-prosthetics le lisebelisoa tse thusang batho ba nang le bokooa.

Lekala la mosebetsi oa mechatronics le pharaletse ebile le ntse le hola khafetsa. Litsebi tsa Mechatronics li ka sebetsa ho rala, ho nts'etsapele le ho hlokomela litsamaiso tsa mechatronic, hammoho le lipatlisisong le nts'etsopele ea lits'ebetso le mahlale a macha. Ntle le moo, lik'hamphani ho pholletsa le makala a fapaneng li ntse li batla lienjiniere tsa mechatronics ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso le lihlahisoa tsa tsona, li fana ka menyetla e mengata ea mesebetsi. O mong oa melemo ea mechatronics ke bokhoni ba ho kopanya litsebo tsa tekheniki ho pholletsa le lithuto tse ngata, e leng se fetolelang liprofinseng tse batloang haholo liindastering tse fapaneng.

3. Bohlokoa ba mechatronics indastering ea likoloi le ea lifofane

Mechatronics ke taeo e kopanyang boenjiniere ba mechini, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le mahlale a khomphutha ho rala litsamaiso tse ikemetseng le tse laoloang. Bohlokoa ba eona indastering ea makoloi le ea sepakapaka bo holim'a bokhoni ba eona ba ho hlahisa litharollo tse ncha le tse sebetsang tse ntlafatsang boleng, polokeho le tlhahiso makaleng ana a boima.

Ka indasteri ea likoloiMechatronics e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa moralong le moetsong oa likoloi tsa sejoale-joale. Litsamaiso tsa Mechatronic li na le boikarabello ba ho laola le ho beha leihlo karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea koloi, ho tloha enjene ho ea lits'ebetsong tsa polokeho le matšeliso. Sena se ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea matla a matla, se fokotsa likhase tse silafatsang, 'me se eketsa polokeho ea likoloi.

Ka indasteri ea lifofaneMechatronics ke senotlolo sa nts'etsopele ea lifofane tse ntseng li tsoela pele ebile li bolokehile. Litsamaiso tsa ho laola le ho tsamaisa likepe li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho netefatsa sefofane se tsitsitseng le se nepahetseng, hammoho le ho fokotsa likotsi tsa ts'ebetso. Mechatronics e boetse e sebelisoa ha ho etsoa lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tsa sefofane, joalo ka litsamaiso tsa propulsion le litsamaiso tsa ho lulisa.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, mechatronics e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa indastering ea likoloi le ea lifofane, e fana ka litharollo tse ncha le tse sebetsang tse ntlafatsang boleng, polokeho le tlhahiso. Taeo ena e kopanya boenjiniere ba mechini, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, le mahlale a khomphutha ho rala litsamaiso tse ikemetseng le tse laoloang tse ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ea likoloi le lifofane. Tšebeliso ea eona makaleng ana ke senotlolo sa ho rarolla mathata a hona joale le a kamoso, a kang ho fokotsa mesi e silafatsang le ho theha mekhoa ea lipalangoang e sireletsehileng le e sebetsang hantle haholoanyane.

4. Sebaka sa mosebetsi sa mechatronics le tlhokahalo ea hona joale ea basebetsi

Mechatronics ke taeo e kopanyang boenjiniere ba mechini, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le mahlale a khomphutha ho rala, ho nts'etsapele le ho laola litsamaiso tse ikemetseng. E qalile lilemong tsa bo-80 'me ho tloha ka nako eo e bile le kholo e tsitsitseng lefapheng la eona la ts'ebeliso. Hajoale, mechatronics e na le sebaka se pharaletseng le se fapaneng sa mosebetsi., ho bula menyetla liindastering tse fapaneng tse kang tsa makoloi, sefofane, tlhahiso le liroboto.

Tlhokahalo ea litsebi tsa mechatronics e eketsehile haholo lilemong tsa morao tjena. Tsoelopele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji e hlahisitse tlhoko e ntseng e hola ea litsebi tse khonang ho kopanya litsamaiso tsa mochini, tsa elektroniki le tsa taolo ho litharollo tse ncha. Likhamphani li batla litsebi tsa mechatronics tse nang le litsebo tse matla tsa tekheniki le bokhoni ba ho ho rarolla mathata complejos.

Libaka tsa ts'ebeliso ea mechatronics li kholo ebile li fapana ho tloha ho moralo le ho etsoa ha liroboto tsa indasteri ho isa ho nts'etsopele ea litsamaiso tsa taolo bakeng sa li-automation. Tse ling tsa libaka tse atileng haholo tsa mosebetsi bakeng sa litsebi tsa mechatronics li kenyelletsa: Moralo oa litsamaiso tsa tlhahiso ea boiketsetso, nts'etsopele ea litharollo tsa taolo le ho lekola, moralo oa li-interfaces tsa mochini oa batho, le tlhokomelo ea litsamaiso tsa mechatronic.. Ntle le moo, litsebi tsa mechatronics le tsona li ka sebetsa ho etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa le mahlale a macha.

5. Koetliso ea thuto e hlokahalang ho kena lefapheng la mechatronics

Mechatronics ke taeo e lulang e hola le ho fetoha, 'me e hloka semelo se tiileng sa thuto ho khona ho kena le ho ipabola tšimong ena e boima. Ho ba setsebi sa mechatronics, ho hlokahala motheo o tiileng oa lipalo, fisiks le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Lithuto tsena li bohlokoa ho utloisisa melao-motheo le likhopolo tse thehiloeng ho mechatronics. Ho bohlokoa ho ba le taolo e ntle ea li-equations tse fapaneng, lipalo tse kholo, le algebra e tšoanang, kaha tsebo ena e sebelisoa moralong le taolong ea litsamaiso tse rarahaneng tsa mechatronic.

Ntle le tsebo ea mantlha ea lipalo le fisiks, ba nang le thahasello ea ho kena lefapheng la mechatronics ba tlameha ho ba le litsebo tsa meralo ea mananeo le litsamaiso. Kutloisiso e tiileng ea lipuo tsa lenaneo tse kang C ++, Python, kapa Java, hammoho le software e thusoang ke k'homphieutha (CAD) software, e hlokahalang, kaha tsena ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa moralo le nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea mechatronic. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, kutloisiso e ntle ea mechini le tlhahiso ke ea bohlokoa, kaha mechatronics e kenyelletsa ho kopanya litsamaiso tsa mochini, tsa elektroniki le tsa taolo.

Sena se ka fapana ho latela boemo ba boithuto boo u lakatsang ho bo fihlela. Leha ho ka etsahala ho fumana koetliso ea mantlha ho mechatronics ka mananeo a tekheniki le diploma, ho ba setsebi se tšoanelehang haholo lefapheng lena, ho khothaletsoa ho hahamalla lengolo la bachelor in mechatronics engineering. Mefuta ena ea mananeo a fana ka koetliso e felletseng likarolong tse fapaneng tsa mechatronics, ho tloha metheong ea theory ho isa lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang. Ho feta moo, liunivesithi tse ling li fana ka mananeo a thuto ea morao-rao le a ikhethang ho mechatronics bakeng sa ba lakatsang ho tsoela pele ka lefapha lena. Sena se lumella baithuti ho fumana litsebo le tsebo e hlokahalang ho etella pele lipatlisiso tsa mechatronics le merero ea nts'etsopele. Ka bokhuts'oane, e pharaletseng ebile e fapane, 'me e hloka boitlamo le boitelo ho tsoa ho ba thahasellang taeo ena.

6. Lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa le theknoloji ea mechatronics

Mechatronics ke taeo e kopanyang boenjineri ba mechini, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le mahlale a khomphutha ho rala le ho nts'etsapele litsamaiso tse ikemetseng. Sehloohong sena, re tla shebana le lisebelisoa le mahlale a bohlokoa a sebelisoang ho mechatronics, tse bohlokoa haholo ts'ebetsong e nepahetseng le e nepahetseng ea litsamaiso tsa mechatronic.

E 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho mechatronics ke papiso ea k'homphieutha, e lumellang baenjiniere ho hlahloba le ho netefatsa meralo ea bona pele ho tlhahiso. Ka ho sebelisa software e khethehileng, baenjiniere ba ka etsisa boitšoaro ba litsamaiso tsa mechatronic le ho etsa liteko tsa sebele ho lekola ts'ebetso ea bona le ts'epahalo ea bona. Sesebelisoa sena se bohlokoa haholo ho tseba mathata a ka bang teng le ho ntlafatsa moralo pele o tsetela lisebelisoa tlhahisong ea 'mele.

Ntle le ketsiso, ts'ebeliso ea software e thusoang ke komporo (CAD) software e bohlokoa ho mechatronics. Baenjiniere ba sebelisa mananeo ana ho theha le ho bona ka mahlo a kelello mefuta e meraro ea likarolo le litsamaiso tsa mechatronic. Sena se thusa ho tsebahatsa le ho rarolla mathata a moralo, hammoho le puisano le litsebi tse ling tse sebetsang morerong ona. CAD e boetse e lumella liphetoho tse potlakileng le ntlafatso ea moralo, e leng ho potlakisa ts'ebetso ea nts'etsopele.

Theknoloji e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ho mechatronics ke liroboto. Liroboto ke lisebelisoa tsa mechatronic tse sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng, ho tloha ho tlhahiso le thepa ho ea ho tsa bongaka le indasteri ea boithabiso. Baenjiniere ba Mechatronics ba sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea liroboto, joalo ka libetsa tsa liroboto, likoloi tse ikemetseng le li-drones, ho iketsetsa mesebetsi le lits'ebetso tse rarahaneng. Liroboto tsena li na le lisensara, li-actuator le li-control tse li lumellang ho sebelisana le tikoloho ea tsona le ho etsa liketso tse nepahetseng ho latela mananeo. Liroboto ke theknoloji e lulang e fetoha, 'me tsoelo-pele ea eona e butse menyetla e mecha ho mechatronics.

7. Liphephetso le mekhoa ea nakong e tlang tšimong ea mechatronics

Mechatronics ke taeo e lulang e fetoha e kopanyang boenjiniere ba mechini, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le mahlale a khomphutha ho rala le ho nts'etsapele litsamaiso tse bohlale. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, e bile le tsoelo-pele e kholo 'me e fetohile sebaka se ntseng se eketseha sa thuto le tšebeliso. Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka sebaka sefe kapa sefe sa theknoloji, e boetse e tobana le mathata 'me e tlameha ho lula e tseba mekhoa ea nako e tlang e le hore e tsoele pele ho fetoha le ho ikamahanya le litlhoko tsa sechaba.

E 'ngoe ea liqholotso tse ka sehloohong tse tobaneng le mechatronics ke kopanyo ea mahlale a ntseng a hlaha joalo ka bohlale ba maiketsetso le Marang-rang a Lintho. Litheknoloji tsena li fana ka monyetla oa ho theha litsamaiso tse bohlale le tse sebetsang haholoanyane, empa li boetse li kenyelletsa mathata a macha mabapi le moralo, ts'ebetsong le ts'ireletso. Mohlala, ho rala litsamaiso tsa mechatronic tse khonang ho sebetsana le data e ngata ho hona joale e tla hloka ho hlahisa li-algorithms tse tsoetseng pele le mekhoa ea ho ithuta ka mochini.

Bothata bo bong ke ho lula u le morao-rao mabapi le mekhoa ea li-automation le liroboto. Mechatronics e amana haufi-ufi le masimo ana, ka hona ho bohlokoa ho lula u tseba lintlafatso tsa morao-rao molemong oa ho li sebelisa molemong oa moralo le nts'etsopele ea litsamaiso tsa mechatronic. Sena se kenyeletsa ho utloisisa likhopolo tse kang liroboto tse sebelisanang, tse nolofalletsang tšebelisano e sireletsehileng le e sebetsang pakeng tsa batho le liroboto, hammoho le ho tseba menyetla e teng libakeng tse kang tsa bongaka, indasteri ea likoloi le lisebelisoa tsa lapeng.

Qetellong, mechatronics e na le monyetla o moholo oa kholo nakong e tlang mme e tobane le liphephetso le mekhoa e khahlisang. Ho kopanya mahlale a ntseng a hlaha le ho ikamahanya le maemo a li-automation le liroboto ke tse ling tsa liqholotso tse larileng ka pele. Ho lula holim'a liphetoho tsena le ho ikamahanya le tsona ho tla ba bohlokoa ho tsoela pele ho hlahisa litharollo tse ncha lefapheng lena. Mechatronics e na le karolo ea bohlokoa eo e lokelang ho e bapala. sechabeng hona joale 'me, ka lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng, e tla tsoelapele ho tsamaisa tsoelo-pele ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse ngata.