Cellular Organelle E Ikarabela Bakeng sa Tšilo ea Lisele

Ka moralo o rarahaneng oa sele, ho na le likarolo tse fapaneng tse ikhethileng tse sebelisanang ts'ebetsong e nepahetseng ea e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona. mesebetsi ea eona bohlokoa. Har'a tsena, organelle e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo ea cellular e hlahella, eo bohlokoa ba eona e leng karolo ea eona ea mantlha ea ho lokisa le ho felisa litšila tse hlahisoang nakong ea ts'ebetso. metabolism ea lisele. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba ka ho qaqileng litšobotsi le mekhoa e amehang ho organelle ena, re shebane le sebopeho sa eona, mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong le bohlokoa ba eona ho boloka ho leka-lekana ha homeostatic ka har'a sele. Ka ho amohela mokhoa oa tekheniki le molumo oa ho se nke lehlakore, a re ke re hlahlobeng lefatše le khahlang la organelle ena ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho phela ha sebōpuoa sefe kapa sefe sa cellular.

Selelekela ho organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo ea cellular

Likarolo tsa sebopeho sa organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular

The cellular organelle e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular, e tsejoang e le lysosome, e entsoe ka likarolo tse 'maloa tse ikhethileng tse sebetsang hammoho ho etsa mosebetsi oa eona oa mantlha ka har'a sele. Likaroloana tsena ke:

Membrane: Lysosome e pota-potiloe ke lera le e arolang ho sele kaofela, kahoo e lumella tikoloho e nang le asiti ka hare. Lera lena le bohlokoa ho boloka botšepehi le ho sireletsa litaba tsa organelle.

Li-enzyme tsa hydrolytic: Ka har'a lysosome, ho na le li-enzyme tse ngata tse sebetsang haholo tsa hydrolytic. Li-enzyme tsena li na le boikarabelo ba ho pshatla limolek'hule tse fapaneng, tse kang liprotheine, lipids, lik'habohaedreite le nucleic acid, hore e be likotoana tse bonolo tse ka sebelisoang ke sele ho fumana matla kapa ho etsa mesebetsi e meng ea metabolism.

Vacuole ea tšilo ea lijo: Moko oa lysosome o na le vacuole ea tšilo, e leng sebaka seo karabelo ea degradation ea substrate e etsahalang. Ka vacuole ena, li-enzyme tsa hydrolytic li kopana le limolek'hule tse lokelang ho siloa, li li pshatla ka likarolo tsa tsona tse bonolo. Ka mor'a moo, lihlahisoa tsena li ka sebelisoa ke sele ho etsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ea lisele.

Likarolo tsena tsa sebopeho sa lysosome li sebetsa ka mokhoa o hokahaneng ho etsa tšilo ea cellular, ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka homeostasis le boleng ba bophelo ba sele. Sebopeho se ikhethang sa lysosome se e lumella ho etsa mesebetsi ea eona ka nepo le tse tobileng, kahoo li netefatsa tšilo ea lijo e nepahetseng ea li-substrates le ts'ebetso e lekaneng ea lisele.

Mesebetsi ea organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular lits'ebetsong tsa tšilo ea mali ea intracellular

The organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular lits'ebetsong tsa tšilo ea intracellular ke lysosome. Sebopeho sena ke sa bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea sele, kaha ke eona e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho senyeha ha li-macromolecules, kahoo ho tsosolosa likaroloana tsa cellular tse senyehileng kapa tse sa sebelisoeng. Li-lysosomes li na le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea li-enzyme tsa hydrolytic tse khonang ho senya lipids, liprotheine, lik'habohaedreite le nucleic acid, har'a limolek'hule tse ling.

Mesebetsi ea mantlha ea lysosome e kenyelletsa:

• Tšhilo ea thepa ea phagocytosed: li-lysosomes li kopana le phagosomes, li hlahisa karolo ea asiti moo li-enzyme tsa lysosomal li senyang thepa ea phagocytosed.
• Ho tsosolosoa ha likarolo tsa cellular: lysosome e ikarabella bakeng sa ho senyeha ha li-organelle tsa cellular tse senyehileng kapa tse tsofetseng ka mokhoa oa autophagy.
• Tšilo ea li-macromolecules tsa extracellular: li-lysosomes le tsona li ka kenya letsoho ho senyeha ha limolek'hule tse nkiloeng tikolohong ea extracellular, joalo ka libaktheria kapa likhechana tsa lisele tse senyehileng.

Ke habohlokoa ho totobatsa hore lysosome e na le mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho laola ho thibela li-enzyme tsa eona tsa hydrolytic ho senya mehaho ea lisele. Sena se finyelloa ka ho ba teng ha liprotheine tse khethehileng tsa membrane tse laolang ho lokolloa le mosebetsi oa li-enzyme ka har'a lysosome. Ho feta moo, phetoho leha e le efe mosebetsing oa lysosome e ka ba le liphello tse tebileng bakeng sa sele, kaha e ka lebisa ho mafu a lefutso a tsejoang e le mathata a lysosomal.

Mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular

The cellular organelle e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular, e tsejoang ka hore ke lysosome, ke karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea ho bola le ho nchafatsa lisebelisoa ka har'a sele. Mokhoa oa eona oa ts'ebetso o itšetlehile ka letoto la mekhoa e laoloang haholo le e khethehileng e lumellang hore e phethe mosebetsi oa eona. ka tsela e sebetsang hantle.

Ho kopana le li-endosomes: Li-lysosomes li kopana le li-endosomes, li-vesicles tse nang le lintho tse ka hare ho sele. Motsoako ona o lumella li-lysosomes ho amohela li-substrates tse lokelang ho cheka, tse tsamaisoang ka hare.

Hydrolysis ea enzyme: Hang ha li-substrates li le ka har'a li-lysosomes, li-enzyme tsa lysosomal li kena tšebetsong. Li-enzyme tsena li ikhethile haholo ho qhekella limolek'hule tse fapaneng, joalo ka liprotheine, lipids le lik'habohaedreite. Ka hydrolysis, li-enzyme li senya litlamo tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa li-substrates, li lokolla li-blocks tsa mohaho tse ka sebelisoang hape ke sele.

Ho tsosolosa lihlahisoa: Hang ha tšilo ea cellular e felile, lihlahisoa tse hlahisoang ke hydrolysis li isoa likarolong tse ling tsa sele bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hape. Sena se lumella ho hlaphoheloa ha lisebelisoa le ho hlahisa matla a hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea cellular. Ka tsela ena, li-lysosomes li bapala karolo ea mantlha ho homeostasis le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea sele.

Kamano pakeng tsa organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular le homeostasis ea cellular

Kamano e teng lipakeng tsa organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular, lysosome, le cellular homeostasis e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea lisele. Li-lysosomes ke metsoako ea membranous e nang le mefuta e fapaneng ea li-enzyme tse khonang ho senya limolek'hule tsa tlhaho le tse sa tloaelehang ka har'a sele. Ka lebaka la li-enzyme tsena, li-lysosome li kenya letsoho ho nyenyefatseng le ho nchafatsoa ha likarolo tsa cellular tse senyehileng kapa tse tsofetseng.

Ts'ebetsong ea cellular homeostasis, li-lysosomes le tsona li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa. Li-organelles tsena li na le boikarabelo ba ho boloka tekanyo e ka hare ea sele ka ho laola khatello ea lintho tse sa tšoaneng le ho felisa litšila tse hlahisoang ka har'a sele. metabolism ea cellular. Li-lysosomes li lumella ho felisoa ha lintho tse chefo tse bokelletsoeng ka seleng le ho laola bongata ba li-ion tsa bohlokoa le limatlafatsi.

Ho phaella moo, li-lysosomes li kenya letsoho tšireletsong ea 'mele. Li-organelle tsena li ameha ho timetsong ea libaktheria, likokoana-hloko le likokoana-hloko tse ling tse kenang ka seleng. Li-lysosomes li lokolla li-enzyme tse senyang lijo ka har'a cytoplasm ho felisa likokoana-hloko tsena. Mosebetsi ona o kenya letsoho ho boloka homeostasis ea cellular ka ho thibela ho ata ha likokoana-hloko tse ka fetolang tekanyo ea ka hare ea sele le ho senya ts'ebetso ea eona e nepahetseng.

Bohlokoa ba organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular bophelong bo botle ba cellular le ts'ebetso

The organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular, e tsejoang e le lysosome, e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa bophelong bo botle le ts'ebetsong ea lisele tsa rona. Kamore ena e nyenyane e pota-potiloeng ke lera e na le li-enzyme tse senyang lijo tse khonang ho senya limolek'hule le lisebelisoa tsa cellular, ho lumella ho felisoa ha litšila le ho tsosolosoa ha likarolo tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa sele. Ka tlase ke mabaka a etsang hore organelle ena e be ea bohlokoa haholo:

- Tshilo ya dintho tse kotsi: Li-lysosomes li khona ho cheka lintho tse chefo le lisebelisoa tsa cellular tse senyehileng, ho thibela ho bokellana ha tsona le ho thibela tšenyo e ka bang teng liseleng le liseleng tse haufi. Ka hona, boteng bo lekaneng ba lysosomes liseleng tsa rona bo bohlokoa ho boloka a boemo bo botle bophelo bo botle le ho thibela mafu.

- Recycling ea likarolo tsa cellular: Ntle le ho cheka lisebelisoa tse senyehileng, li-lysosomes li boetse li ikarabella bakeng sa ho nchafatsa le ho nchafatsa likarolo tsa cellular. Li-enzyme tsa tšilo ea lijo tse teng ka har'a li-lysosome li ka senya limolek'hule le libopeho tsa lisele, tsa lokolla likarolo tse molemo bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hape ka sele. Ts'ebetso ena Recycle e bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng le ho phela ha sele.

- Taolo ea tekanyo ea acid-lysosomal: Li-lysosomes li boloka tikoloho ea acidic ka hare e ratang ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme tsa tšilo ea lijo. Tekanyo ena ea acid-lysosomal e bohlokoa ho netefatsa katleho ea tšilo ea cellular. Ho se leka-lekane hofe kapa hofe ho acidity ea li-lysosome ho ka lebisa ho se sebetseng ha li-enzyme le ho se sebetse hantle ha tšebetso ea tšilo ea cellular, e leng se ka bang le litlamorao tse mpe. bakeng sa bophelo bo botle le ts'ebetso ea cellular.

Ka kakaretso, organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular, lysosome, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bophelo bo botle le ts'ebetso ea lisele. Mesebetsi ea eona e kenyelletsa tšilo ea lintho tse kotsi, ho nchafatsa likarolo tsa cellular le taolo ea tekanyo ea acid-lysosomal. Ho boloka palo e lekaneng le ts'ebetso ea li-lysosome ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa sele e phetseng hantle le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea mesebetsi ea eona ea bohlokoa.

Lintho tse ka amang ts'ebetso ea organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo ea cellular

Ho na le tse 'maloa, tse tsejoang hape e le lysosome. Li-vesicles tsena tse nyenyane tsa intracellular li bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea lisele, kaha li na le boikarabelo ba ho senya le ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa tsa cellular tse senyehileng kapa tse sa hlokahaleng. Ka tlase re tla thathamisa tse ling tsa lintlha tse ka susumetsang ts'ebetso ea eona:

• pH ea methapo ea mali: Lysosome e hloka pH e nang le asiti ho phethahatsa ts'ebetso ea eona ea tšilo ea lijo. Haeba pH ea intracellular e fetoha e sa leka-lekaneng, e ka ba acidic haholo kapa alkaline haholo, e ka ama ts'ebetso ea enzymatic ea lysosome hampe.
• Tlhahiso ea enzyme: Ho sila hantle likarolo tsa cellular, lysosome e hloka ho hlahisa li-enzyme tse itseng. Haeba sele e sa hlahise li-enzyme tsena tse lekaneng kapa haeba ho na le sekoli tlhahisong ea tsona, ts'ebetso ea lysosome e tla senyeha.
• Liphatsa tsa lefutso: Mafu a mang a liphatsa tsa lefutso a ka ama ka ho toba tšebetso ea lysosome. Ka mohlala, lefu la Tay-Sachs le bakoa ke phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse kenyang enzyme e hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea lysosome, e leng se bakang ho bokellana ha litšila tsa lisele bokong.

Ka kakaretso, ts'ebetso ea cellular organelle e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular e ka angoa ke intracellular pH, secretion ea enzyme le ho se sebetse ha liphatsa tsa lefutso. Hoa hlokahala ho boloka tekanyo e nepahetseng ea lintlha tsena ho netefatsa hore lysosome e sebetsa hantle le ho etsa mosebetsi oa eona oa bohlokoa liseleng.

Litlhahiso tsa ho boloka ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular

Litlhahiso tse latelang li tla u thusa ho boloka ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular:

1. Lijo tse leka-lekaneng: Ke habohlokoa ho latela lijo tse leka-lekaneng tse kenyelletsang lihlopha tsohle tsa lijo ho fana ka organelle ea cellular le limatlafatsi tse hlokahalang. Etsa bonnete ba hore u fumana liprotheine tse lekaneng, lik'habohaedreite, mafura a phetseng hantle, livithamine le liminerale. Kenyelletsa lijo tse kang litholoana, meroho, lijo-thollo le liprotheine tse mafura lijong tsa hau tsa letsatsi le letsatsi.

2. Mokelikeli o lekaneng: Metsi a bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo ea lisele. Noa bonyane likhalase tse 8 tsa metsi ka letsatsi ho boloka metsi a le hantle. Qoba tšebeliso e feteletseng ea lino tse tsoekere, kofi le joala, kaha li ka senya metsi 'me tsa ama hampe organelle ea cellular.

3. Qoba ho imeloa kelellong le mokhoa oa ho phela ka nako e telele: Khatello ea maikutlo le ho hloka boikoetliso ba 'mele li ka ama hampe ts'ebetso ea li-cell organelle tse ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo ea lisele. Leka ho fumana mekhoa e metle ea bophelo, joalo ka boikoetliso ba 'mele khafetsa le ho sebelisa mekhoa ea ho phomola, joalo ka ho thuisa kapa yoga. Boikoetliso ba ’mele bo ntlafatsa phallo ea mali ’me bo khothalletsa tšilo ea lijo e sebetsang hantle haholoanyane.

Hopola hore ho latela likhothaletso tsena ho tla u thusa ho boloka organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo ea cellular e le maemong a nepahetseng le ho thabela bophelo bo botle ba tšilo ea lijo. Hape, ikopanye le setsebi sa bophelo bo botle haeba u e-na le lipotso kapa mathata a amanang le bophelo bo botle ba tšilo ea lijo. Hlokomela organelle ea hau ea cellular 'me u natefeloe ke bophelo bo botle le bo leka-lekaneng!

Karolo ea pH ts'ebetsong ea organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular

Ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa tikoloho e nepahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea organelle ena. pH, kapa bokhoni ba haedrojene, e bua ka bongata ba li-ion tsa hydrogen tse teng tharollong 'me ke ntlha ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea li-enzyme tsa tšilo ea lijo le ho senyeha ho latelang ha likarolo tsa cellular.

The organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo ea cellular e tsejoa e le lysosome 'me e na le lera le e arohanyang le cytoplasm eohle. Organelle ena e na le li-enzyme tsa hydrolytic, tse khonang ho qhaqha limolek'hule tse rarahaneng ka likarolo tse bonolo. Leha ho le joalo, hore li-enzyme tsena li phethe mosebetsi oa tsona oa tsela e sebetsang, pH ka hare ho lysosome e tlameha ho ba boemong bo nepahetseng ba asiti.

Asiti ea pH e bohlokoa bakeng sa li-enzyme tsa tšilo ea lijo tse teng ka har'a li-lysosome ho boloka sebopeho sa tsona sa mahlakore a mararo, ka hona, ts'ebetso ea tsona ea matla. Lebaka ke hore li-enzyme tse silang lijo li itšetlehile ka lihlopha tse itseng tsa lik'hemik'hale, joalo ka lihlopha tsa amino kapa carboxyl, ho sebelisana le li-substrates le ho senya lisele. Phetoho e fosahetseng ea pH e ka ama phallo ea lihlopha tsena tsa lik'hemik'hale, ka lebaka leo, ea fokotsa ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme tsa tšilo ea lijo. Ka hona, ke habohlokoa hore lisele li laole ka hloko pH ea lysosomes ho boloka ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea organelle ena 'me kahoo e netefatse hore lisele li sebetsa hantle.

Litšebelisano lipakeng tsa organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular le li-organelle tse ling tsa cellular

Litšebelisano lipakeng tsa cellular organelle tse ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo tsa cellular, tse tsejoang e le lysosome, le li-organelle tse ling tsa cellular li bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea sele. The lysosome, organelle e bōpehileng joaloka mokotla e tletseng li-enzyme tsa ho sila lijo, e na le boikarabelo ba ho pshatla limolek'hule tse kholo hore e be lintho tse nyenyane tseo sele e ka li sebelisang. Ha re shebeng tse ling tsa litšebelisano tsa mantlha lipakeng tsa lysosome le li-organelle tse ling:

1. Tšebelisano le endoplasmic reticulum: The lysosome le endoplasmic reticulum li amana haufi-ufi. Li-lysosomes li fumana liprotheine tse tsoang ho rough endoplasmic reticulum ebe li li fetola hore li isoe sebakeng sa tsona sa ho qetela ka hare kapa ka ntle ho sele. Ntle le moo, reticulum ea endoplasmic e boetse e fana ka lipids le li-enzyme tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho theha le ho sebetsa ha li-lysosomes.

2. Tšebelisano le lera la plasma: Lera la plasma ke sebaka sa ho kena le ho tsoa bakeng sa lintho tse ka seleng. Lysosome e kopana le lera la plasma ho lokolla li-enzyme tsa eona ho ea ka ntle ho sele kapa ho lumella ho kena ha limolek'hule ho siloa ka har'a lysosome. Tšebelisano ena lipakeng tsa lysosome le lera la plasma ke ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse kang endocytosis le exocytosis.

3. Tšebelisano le li-peroxisomes: Li-peroxisomes ke li-organelles tse amehang ho senyeha ha mafura a acids le detoxification ea lisele. Lysosome e ameha ho tloseng ha li-peroxisome tse senyehileng ka mokhoa o bitsoang autophagy. Nakong ea autophagy, lysosome e kopana le ho theola peroxisomes ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa tsa bona tsa mohaho le ho boloka botšepehi ba lisele.

Liphetoho tsa sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular

Li ka ba le litlamorao tse tebileng bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea sele. Liphetoho tsena e ka ba phello ea mabaka a fapaneng, joalo ka mafu a lefutso, liphetoho tikolohong ea lisele kapa botsofali.

E 'ngoe ea mathata a ka sehloohong a amang organelle e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular ke seo ho thoeng ke lysosomal acidosis, e khetholloang ke khaello ea li-enzyme tsa lysosomal. Khaello ena e baka ho bokellana ha li-substrates tse sa tsitsang ho li-lysosomes, tse ka lebisang ho thehoeng ha lysosomal inclusions le ho se sebetse ha lisele.

Ho phaella ho lysosomal acidosis, ho na le liphetoho tse ling tse ka senyang setho sena. Tse ling tsa tsona li kenyelletsa mafu a lysosomal overload, moo ho nang le li-substrates tse ngata tse bolokiloeng ho lysosomes, le mafu a polokelo ea lysosomal, a khetholloang ke ho bokellana ho sa tloaelehang ha lihlahisoa tsa metabolism.

Bohlokoa ba thuto ea organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo ea cellular lipatlisisong tsa bongaka

Boithuto ba li-cell organelle tse ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo tsa cellular ke ea bohlokoa lipatlisisong tsa bongaka ka lebaka la karolo ea eona ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong le bophelo bo botle ba lisele tsa rona. Organelle ena, e tsejoang e le lysosome, e ikarabella bakeng sa ho senyeha ha liprotheine, lipids le liphatsa tsa lefutso, 'me e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho tlosa litšila le ho laola mekhoa ea bohlokoa ea metabolism.

Ho utloisisa ka botlalo mafu le ho nts'etsapele kalafo e sebetsang, hoa hlokahala ho utloisisa hore na lysosome e amana joang le maemo a fapaneng a bongaka. Mohlala o hlahelletseng ke lefu la polokelo ea lysosomal, sehlopha sa mathata a lefutso a khetholloang ke ho bokellana ha lintho tse chefo ho lysosome. Mathata ana a ka ama lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa 'mele mme a baka mafu a tebileng le kholofalo. Thuto ea organelle e re lumella ho batlisisa lisosa, mekhoa le mekhoa ea phekolo e ka khonehang bakeng sa mafu ana a sa tloaelehang.

Ho feta moo, thuto ea lysosome e re fa leseli la bohlokoa mabapi le botsofali ba lisele le mafu a amanang le botsofali, a kang Alzheimer's le Parkinson. Ho se sebetse hantle ha lysosome ho fumanoe ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho qaleng le tsoelopeleng ea mafu ana a neurodegenerative. Ho utloisisa hore na lysosome e ama bophelo bo botle ba cellular joang ho bula monyetla oa mekhoa e mecha ea phekolo ea ho phekola le ho thibela mafu ana a amang batho ba limilione ho pota lefatše.

Maikutlo a bokamoso lefapheng la lipatlisiso mabapi le organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo tsa cellular

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, thuto ea organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo ea cellular e bile le kholo e kholo. Khatelo-pele ea theknoloji ea mekhoa ea microscopy, DNA le tlhahlobo ea protheine, hammoho le nts'etsopele ea mekhoa e rarahaneng ea liselefouno, e lumeletse kutloisiso e tebileng ea mosebetsi le taolo ea organelle ena.

Nakong e tlang, lipatlisiso li kanna tsa shebana le lintlha tse latelang:

• Ho tsebahatsa likarolo tse ncha: Ha liprotheine tse ncha le li-RNA tse amehang tšilong ea cellular li ntse li sibolloa, ho bohlokoa ho hlahlobisisa ho tsebahatsa le ho khetholla likarolo tsena. Sena se tla re lumella ho utloisisa hamolemo mekhoa ea limolek'hule e laolang mosebetsi oa organelle ena.
• Ho hlahlojoa ha litšebelisano le li-organelles tse ling: The organelle e laolang tšilo ea cellular e sebelisana le li-organelle tse ling le likarolo tsa cellular. Ho batlisisa ka litšebelisano tsena ho tla re thusa ho utloisisa hamolemo kamoo e kopanyang le ho hokahanya le lisele tse ling, le hore na ho se sebetse ha eona ho ka tlatsetsa mafung joang.
• Nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea kalafo: The cellular digestion organelle e ameha mafung a mangata a kang mofetše, mafu a neurodegenerative le mathata a metabolism. Ka hona, lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang li lebeletsoe ho lebisa tlhokomelo ho nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea phekolo e lebisang ho organelle ena, ka sepheo sa ho thibela kapa ho phekola maloetse ana.

Qetellong, lefapha la lipatlisiso ka har'a organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo ea cellular e re hlahisa ka litebello tse monate tsa bokamoso. Ka ho tsebahatsa likarolo tse ncha, thuto ea ho sebelisana le li-organelles tse ling, le nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea phekolo, re tšepa ho senola liphiri tse ka morao ho ts'ebetso le ho se sebetse ha setho sena, se ka bang le liphello tsa bohlokoa ho phekola mafu a sa tšoaneng.

Q&A

Potso: Organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular ke efe?
Karabo: The organelle e laolang tšilo ea cellular ke lysosome.

Potso: Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa lysosome ka seleng ke ofe?
Karabo: Lysosome e na le mosebetsi oa ho senya le ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa tsa cellular, hammoho le ho felisa litšila le lintho tse sa batleheng.

Potso: Lysosome e sebetsa joang tšilong ea cellular?
Karabo: Li-lysosomes li na le li-enzyme tse senyang lijo tse khonang ho senya limolek'hule tse phelang ka har'a sele. Li-enzyme tsena li khona ho roba litlamo tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa liprotheine, lipids, lik'habohaedreite le li-nucleic acid, har'a tse ling.

Potso: Bohlokoa ba tšilo ea cellular bakeng sa ho sebetsa ha sele ke bofe?
Karabo: Tšilo ea lisele e bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea sele, kaha e lumella ho fumana limatlafatsi ho limolek'hule tse kholoanyane, hammoho le ho felisa lintho tse chefo kapa tse kotsi. Ho phaella moo, tšilo ea lijo ea lisele e tlatsetsa ho tsosolosoa ha likarolo tsa lisele, ho lumella ho tsosolosoa le ho hlokomeloa ha sele.

Potso: Ho etsahala'ng ha lysosomes e sa sebetse hantle?
Karabo: Ha li-lysosomes li sa sebetse hantle, ho ka etsahala hore ho be le lintho tse ngata tse sa hloekisoang ka seleng. Sena se ka lebisa ho mafu a lysosomal, a khetholloang ka ho bokella lihlahisoa tsa litšila le ho se sebetse ha litho tse fapaneng le mekhoa ea 'mele.

Potso: Ke mafu afe a amanang le ho se sebetse ha li-lysosomes?
Karabo: Mafu a mang a amanang le ho se sebetse ha lysosomes ke lefu la Tay-Sachs, lefu la Gaucher le cystic fibrosis, har'a tse ling. Mafu ana a khetholloa ke ho bokellana ha lintho tse sa tloaelehang ka har'a sele ka lebaka la ho haella kapa ho se sebetse ha li-enzyme tsa tšilo ea lijo ho li-lysosomes.

Potso: Mafu a lysosomal a ka fumanoa joang le ho phekoloa?
Karabo: Maloetse a Lysosomal a ka fumanoa ka tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le liteko tse tobileng ho lemoha ho bokellana ha lintho tse sa tloaelehang ho lysosomes. Mabapi le phekolo, hangata sepheo ke ho kokobetsa matšoao le ho thusa ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba mokuli ka liphekolo tsa ho nkela li-enzyme, phekolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa ho kenya moko oa masapo, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta le ho teba ha lefu lena.

Potso: Na ho na le likarolo tse ling tsa cellular tse amehang tšilong ea cellular ntle le li-lysosomes?
Karabo: Ho phaella ho li-lysosomes, li-organelle tse ling tsa cellular tse kang peroxisomes le vacuoles li ka boela tsa kenya letsoho mesebetsing ea tšilo ea cellular. Li-peroxisomes li ikarabella haholo bakeng sa detoxification ea lisele, ha li-vacuoles li kenya letsoho ho boloka le ho senyeha ha lintho liseleng tse ling tsa limela le liphoofolo.

Qetellong

Qetellong, re ka tiisa hore organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular, e tsejoang e le lysosome, e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tlhokomelong le ho leka-lekanya sele. Ka bokhoni ba eona ba ho nyenyefatsa le ho tsosolosa likarolo tsa cellular, lysosome e tiisa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea sele le ho phela ha eona.

Joalokaha re bone, li-lysosomes li na le li-enzyme tsa hydrolytic tse khonang ho senya limolek'hule tse sa tšoaneng le li-macromolecules, tse kang liprotheine, lipids, lik'habohaedreite le nucleic acid. Li-enzyme tsena li sebelisoa maemong a acidic 'me, ka lebaka la ketso ea tsona, li-lysosomes li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa 'mele tse kang tšilo ea lintho tse tsoang ka ntle kapa ka har'a sele, ho tsosolosoa ha likarolo tsa cellular le karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.

Ho feta moo, bokhoni ba li-lysosomes ho felisa likarolo tsa cellular tse senyehileng kapa tse tsofetseng, ka autophagy kapa autophagocytosis, li kenya letsoho ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba lisele le ho thibela ho bokella litšila tse chefo tse ka amang ts'ebetso ea cellular hampe.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, tsebo ea lits'ebetso le mesebetsi ea organelle ea cellular e ikarabellang bakeng sa tšilo ea cellular, lysosome, e bohlokoa lefapheng la baeloji ea sele le biochemistry. Boithuto ba eona bo re fa kutloisiso e tebileng ea mekhoa e lumellang tšebetso e nepahetseng ea lisele, ka hona, ea lintho tse phelang ka kakaretso. Ntle ho pelaelo, karolo ea li-lysosome e lokeloa ke tlhokomelo ea bohlokoa ho raraaneng le matla a lintho tse phelang.