Karete ea Marang-rang

Karete ea Marang-rang: tataiso e felletseng ea ho utloisisa ts'ebetso le mefuta ea eona

Karete ea marang-rang ke eng?
Lefatšeng la thekenoloji le marang-rang, a karete ea marang-rang Ke karolo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa puisano le khokahanyo ea lisebelisoa. E boetse e tsejoa e le adaptara ea netweke o sebopeho sa netweke, karolo ena ea hardware e lumella ho fetisoa ha data pakeng tsa lik'homphieutha, litsamaiso le lisebelisoa sebakeng se le seng kapa ka Inthanete.

Karete ea marang-rang e sebetsa joang
Eena ts'ebetso ea karete ea marang-rang E ipapisitse le phetoho ea data ea elektroniki e hlahisoang ke komporo kapa sesebelisoa ho ba lipontšo tsa motlakase kapa tse bobebe. Lipontšo tsena li fetisoa ka likhoele kapa ka waelese ho lisebelisoa tse ling e hokahantsoeng marangrang. The lebelo la phetisetso ea karete ea marang-rang ⁢e ka fapana ho latela mofuta oa khokahano⁤ (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, joalo-joalo) le theknoloji e sebelisitsoeng.

Mefuta ea likarete tsa marang-rang
Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea likarete tsa marang-rang tse ikamahanyang le ditlhoko le ditlhoko tse itseng tsa tikoloho ka nngwe. Tse atileng haholo li Likarete tsa Ethernet, e sebelisang lithapo tsa marang-rang ho fetisa lintlha ka mokhoa oa matšoao a motlakase. Mefuta e meng e kenyelletsa likarete tse se nang mohala (Wireless ⁣LAN), tse hoketsoeng ka maqhubu a seea-le-moea kapa mats'oao a khanya, le Likarete tsa Bluetooth, e lumellang khokahanyo ea waelese libakeng tse khutšoane.

Ka kakaretso, ho ba le tsebo e ntle ea likarete tsa marang-rang ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa hore na marang-rang a data le puisano a sebetsa joang. Ka tataiso ena e felletseng ka likarete tsa marang-rang, re tšepa ho u fa lintlha tsohle tse hlokahalang ⁢ho utloisisa bohlokoa ba eona le litšobotsi tsa tekheniki. Tsoela pele ho bala ⁢ho tseba haholoanyane ka karolo ena ea bohlokoa ea marang-rang!

Tlhophiso ea karete ea marang-rang

Sebopeho sa motheo
Karete ea ⁤network ke karolo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa khokahanyo ea Marang-rang ea komporo ea hau. Ho etsa qeto e nepahetseng, ho bohlokoa ho latela mehato ena:

- Taba ea pele, netefatsa hore komporo ea hau e hokahane le marang-rang u sebelisa thapo ea Ethernet kapa hore e hokahane ka Wi-Fi.
- Fumana litlhophiso tsa marang-rang ho tsoa phanele ea taolo ea sistimi ea hau ea ts'ebetso. Ho ⁢Windows, u ka e fumana ho li-menu tsa marang-rang le tsa Marang-rang.
Ka har'a litlhophiso tsa marang-rang, khetha khetho ea "Network Card" kapa "Network Adapter" ho fihlella tlhophiso e khethehileng ea karete ea hau.
- Mona o ka hlophisa aterese ea IP, subnet mask, heke ea kamehla le li-server tsa DNS.

Litlhophiso tse tsoetseng pele
Haeba o hloka tlhophiso e tsoetseng pele bakeng sa karete ea hau ea marang-rang, o ka fihlella likhetho tse ling tse kang:

- Litlhophiso tsa lebelo le duplex: E u lumella ho khetha lebelo la khokahano ea karete ea hau ea marang-rang, joalo ka 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps kapa Gigabit. U ka boela ua khetha mokhoa oa duplex, o hlalosang hore na data e fetisoa joang, ebang ke ka mokhoa oa halofo ea duplex kapa e tletseng-duplex.
- Tokiso ea VLAN: Haeba marang-rang a hau a sebelisa li-VLAN, o ka etsa hore karete ea hau ea marang-rang e be ea VLAN e itseng.
- Tokiso ea taolo ea phallo: Taolo ea phallo e u lumella ho laola le ho laola phallo ea data lipakeng tsa karete ea hau ea marang-rang le switch kapa router eo e hokahaneng ho eona.
- Wake On LAN Settings: Haeba u batla hore komporo ea hau e bulelle u le hole le marang-rang, u ka nolofalletsa khetho ena ho .

Ho rarolla mathata
Haeba u na le mathata a khokahano ka karete ea hau ea marang-rang, mona ke tse ling tsa tharollo tse tloaelehileng:

- Netefatsa hore lithapo li hoketsoe ka nepo le hore li maemong a matle.
- Qala hape komporo ea hau le router kapa switjha.
- Ntlafatsa bakhanni ba likarete tsa hau tsa marang-rang.
– Seta botjha di-setting tsa netweke ho sistimi ea hau ea ts'ebetso.
- Etsa tlhahlobo ea marang-rang ho tseba le ho "rarolla" mathata a itseng.

Hopola hore haeba u na le lipotso mabapi le tlhophiso ea karete ea hau ea marang-rang, u ka lula u sheba bukana ea mosebelisi ea moetsi kapa u batle thuso ea inthaneteng liforamong kapa liwebsaeteng tse khethehileng. Hang ha karete ea hau ea marang-rang e se e hlophisitsoe ka nepo, u tla be u itokiselitse ho natefeloa ke khokahanyo ea inthanete e tsitsitseng le e potlakileng!

Karete ea marang-rang e lumellana le sistimi e sebetsang

Karete ea Marang-rang

La Ke ntlha ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng le e se nang mathata ea marang-rang a likhomphutha. Ha u khetha⁢ karete ea marang-rang, ho bohlokoa ho nahana hore na e lumellana le⁢ mokhoa oa tšebetso e sebelisoang lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang. Sena se tiisa ho kopanngoa ha bonolo le tlhophiso, ho qoba litšitiso le tahlehelo ea nako ea ho kenya hardware.

Pele ho tsohle, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore likarete tsa marang-rang li ka lumellana le litsamaiso tse fapaneng e sebetsang. Tse ling tsa litsamaiso tsa ts'ebetso Tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa Windows, macOS le Linux. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho hlahloba lintlha le litlhoko tsa karete ea marang-rang pele u e reka ho netefatsa hore e lumellana le sistimi e sebetsang e sebelisoang inthaneteng.

Hape, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lisebelisoa tsa tsamaiso ea ts'ebetso hangata li ka ama ho lumellana ha likarete tsa marang-rang tse teng. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho lula u ntse u tseba liphetolelo tsa morao-rao ea sistimi e sebetsang le ho hlahloba kamehla ho lumellana ha likarete tsa marang-rang tse sebelisoang marang-rang. Sena se tla u lumella ho qoba litšitiso tse ka bang teng le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea marang-rang ka linako tsohle.

Lebelo la karete ea marang-rang le bandwidth

Likarete tsa marang-rang ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa puisanong ea data lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang a sebaka sa lehae (LAN). Har'a litšobotsi tse bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tseo u ka li nahanang ha u khetha karete ea marang-rang ke lebelo le bandwidth seo ba fanang ka sona. Likarolo tsena tse peli li khetholla bokhoni ba karete ea ho fetisa data, e leng eona e tla susumetsa katleho le lebelo la marang-rang.

Lebelo la karete ea marang-rang e bua ka tekanyo e phahameng ea phetiso ea data eo e ka e fihlelang. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lebelo lena le lekanyetsoa ka megabits ka motsotsoana (Mbps) kapa gigabits ka motsotsoana (Gbps). Ho ipapisitse le litlhoko tsa netweke ea hau, u ka khetha likarete tsa marang-rang tse fanang ka lebelo la 10/100 Mbps, 1000 Mbps, kapa ho feta. Ho bohlokoa ho tseba lebelo le phahameng la router ea hau mme o etse bonnete ba hore karete ya netweke e tsamaellana ho qoba meedi ya lebelo la phetiso.

Karete ea marang-rang ea bandwidth, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e bolela bokhoni ba karete ea ho amohela le ho romela data ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ka mantsoe a mang, ke boholo ba boitsebiso boo karete e ka bo sebetsanang ka nako e le 'ngoe. Lintlha tsena li sebetsa haholo-holo libakeng tseo ho tsona tlhokahalo e phahameng ea phetisetso ea data e hlokahalang, joalo ka lik'hamphani kapa litsi tsa thuto. Ho ba le karete ea marang-rang e nang le bandwidth e lekaneng ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng le ho qoba mathata a marang-rang.

Liprothokholo tsa marang-rang tse tšehetsoeng ke⁢ the⁢ network⁢ card

Liprothokholo tsa marang-rang ke lihlopha⁤ tsa melao le maemo a lumellang puisano lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa marangrang. Karete ea marang-rang ke karolo ea bohlokoa e lumellang sesebelisoa ho hokela marang-rang le ho buisana ka lisebelisoa tse ling. E le hore karete ea marang-rang e lumellane le ho sebetsa ka nepo, ke habohlokoa ho tseba li-protocol tsa marang-rang tse lumellanang le eona.

Ho na le li-protocol tse fapaneng tse lumellanang le likarete tsa marang-rang. Tse ling tsa tse atileng haholo ke Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Medium Access Control Protocol (MAC), le Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). Melaoana ena⁢ e lumella phetiso ea data ka tsela e ⁤e sebetsang hantle le e sireletsehileng, ho netefatsa hore litaba li fihla moo li eang teng.

Internet Protocol (IP) ke e 'ngoe ea li-protocol tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, kaha e na le boikarabelo ba ho fana ka liaterese tse ikhethang ho sesebelisoa se seng le se seng sa marang-rang. Sena se lumella data ho romelloa le ho amoheloa ka nepo. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) e netefatsa phano e tšepahalang ea data ka ho e pshatla ka lipakete tse nyane le ho netefatsa hore li fihla ka tatellano e nepahetseng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Protocol ea Medium Access Control (MAC) e ikarabella bakeng sa ho laola phihlello ea marang-rang, ho netefatsa hore lisebelisoa li buisana ntle le tšitiso. Qetellong, Aterese Resolution Protocol (ARP) e lumella ho fetolela liaterese tsa IP ho liaterese tsa MAC, ho lumella lisebelisoa ho fumana le ho buisana.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, ho bohlokoa ho tseba ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea eona. Melao-motheo e kang IP,⁤ TCP, MAC, le ARP e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa puisanong le phetisong ea data marang-rang. ⁤Khetho e nepahetseng le tlhophiso ea liprothokholo tsena li netefatsa khokahano e tsitsitseng le e sireletsehileng, e lumellang lisebelisoa ho hokahana le ho arolelana lintlha. ka katleho.

Tšireletso le ts'ireletso ea data ho karete ea marang-rang

La tshireletso le tshireletso ya data ka ho karete ea marang-rang⁤ Ke ntlha ea bohlokoa⁤ ho netefatsa bonnete le lekunutu la litaba tse fetisoang ka marang-rang. Kaha karete ea marang-rang e ikarabella bakeng sa ho romela le ho amohela data, ke habohlokoa ho kenya ts'ebetsong mehato e matla ea ho sireletsa tlhahisoleseding le ho thibela litšokelo tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng tsa ts'ireletso. Sehloohong sena,⁢ re tla hlahloba⁤ lintlha tsa mantlha tsa ho netefatsa ts'ireletso ea data ho ⁤ karete ea marang-rang.

Ho patala data: E 'ngoe ea litsela tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa ho sireletsa data⁢ e fetisoang ka karete ea marang-rang ke ho sebelisa mekhoa ea encryption. Encryption e kenyelletsa ho fetolela data hore e be sebopeho se ke keng sa baloa ke mang kapa mang ea se nang senotlolo sa ho hlakola. Sena se bolela hore le haeba motho e mong a khona ho thibela data, a ke ke a khona ho utloisisa kapa ho sebelisa tlhahisoleseling e fetisitsoeng. Ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa li-algorithms tse matla tsa encryption le ho li nchafatsa khafetsa ho sebetsana le tsoelo-pele ea mekhoa ea ho hlakola.

Li-firewall le li-filters: Mohato o mong oa bohlokoa oa ho netefatsa ts'ireletso ea data ho karete ea marang-rang ke ts'ebetsong ea li-firewall le li-filters. Firewall e sebetsa e le mokoallo pakeng tsa marang-rang a ka hare le a ka ntle, ho shebella le ho laola sephethephethe se kenang le se tsoang. Sena se thusa ho thibela phihlello e sa lumelloeng ea marang-rang le ho sireletsa tlhahisoleseling ho tsoa litlhaselong tse ka hlahang kantle. Lisefe,⁤ ka lehlakoreng le leng, li sebelisoa ho thibela litaba tse sa batleheng kapa tse lonya, joalo ka liwebsaete tse belaetsang kapa li-imeile.

Firmware le ntlafatso ea mokhanni: ⁤Ho boloka firmware ea karete ea marang-rang le bakhanni ba morao-rao ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa ts'ireletso ea data. Baetsi ba likarete tsa marang-rang hangata ba lokolla liapdeite tse tloaelehileng ho lokisa bofokoli bo tsebahalang ba ts'ireletso kapa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ka kakaretso. Ho bohlokoa ho beha leihlo lintlafatso tsena le ho li sebelisa khafetsa. Ho feta moo, ho khothaletsoa ho sebelisa software ea taolo ea ntlafatso ho tsamaisa ts'ebetso ea ntlafatso le ho netefatsa hore likarete tsohle tsa marang-rang li nakong ebile li sirelelitsoe.

Karete ea marang-rang ea matla a matla

Matla a matla ke ntlha ea bohlokoa eo u lokelang ho e ela hloko ha u khetha a karete ea marang-rang bakeng sa sehlopha sa hau. Karete ea marang-rang e sebetsang hantle ha e fokotse feela tšebeliso ea motlakase, empa e ka boela ea thusa ho fokotsa mocheso o hlahisoang le ho ntlafatsa tshebetso ea tsamaiso ka kakaretso. Sena se fetolela tšebeliso e tlase ea matla, litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa ts'ebetso le ho tšoarella ho hoholo ha likarolo tsa hau.

Karete ea marang-rang e baballang matla e sebelisoa mahlale a tsoetseng pele ho ntlafatsa tšebeliso ea hau ea matla. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa mekhoa ea ho laola matla joalo ka ho koala ka bohona ha khokahano e sa sebelisoe, ho fokotsa lebelo la phetisetso ha marang-rang a le tlase, kapa ho lemoha le ho koala likou tse sa sebetseng tsa marang-rang. Likarolo tsena tse bohlale li nolofalletsa tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea matla le ho netefatsa khokahanyo e tsitsitseng le e potlakileng ha u e hloka.

Ha u khetha karete ea marang-rang, ho bohlokoa ho sheba tse fihlelang litekanyetso tse tsebahalang tsa tšebeliso ea matla. Ba bang maemo a maleba Sebakeng sena ba kenyeletsa le Ethernet e sebetsang hantle ea matla (EEE) le ea IEEE 802.3az. Maemo ana a hlalosa litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa ho boloka matla le ho netefatsa hore karete ea marang-rang⁢ e kopana le maemo a itseng a sebetsang hantle. Ka ho khetha karete ea marang-rang⁢ e fihlelang litekanyetso tsena, u ka ba le bonnete⁢ hore u fumana sehlahisoa se tšepahalang le se baballang matla.

Malebela a ho kenya le ho nchafatsa karete ea marang-rang

Ho kenya le ho ntlafatsa karete ea marang-rang e ka ba mokhoa o rarahaneng haeba mehato e nepahetseng e sa lateloe. Ka hona, karolong ena re tla u fa malebela a bohlokoa e le hore u ka phetha mosebetsi ona oa tsela e sebetsang hantle.

Ho khetha karete ea marang-rang e nepahetseng: Pele o qala ho kenya, ho bohlokoa ho etsa bonnete ba hore u na le karete ea marang-rang e lumellanang le sistimi ea hau ea ts'ebetso le mofuta oa khokahanyo ea Marang-rang. Hape, nahana ka mofuta oa khokahano eo u e sebelisang, ebang ke Ethernet, Wi-Fi kapa e 'ngoe. Sena se tla u thusa ho qoba mathata a ho lumellana nakong ea ho kenya.

Thibela mokhanni oa karete ea netweke e fetileng: Haeba u ntse u ntlafatsa karete ea hau ea marang-rang, ho kgothaletswa ho thibela mokhanni oa karete ea pele pele o tsoela pele ka ho kenya. Sena se tla qoba likhohlano lipakeng tsa bakhanni le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea ntlafatso e bonolo. O ka tima mokhanni ho tswa ho Mookameli oa Sesebelisoa sa sistimi ea hau ea ts'ebetso. Ha e se e koetsoe, tsoela pele ho kenya karete e ncha ea marang-rang.

Tsoela pele mohato ka mohato litaelo tsa moetsi: Karete e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea marang-rang e ka ba le litlhoko tse fapaneng le mekhoa ea ho kenya. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho bala ka hloko litaelo tse fanoeng ke moetsi. Hangata tsena li kenyelelitsoe lebokoseng la karete kapa li fumaneha ho websaete moetsi. Latela mohato o mong le o mong ho ea ho lengolo 'me u etse bonnete ba hore ha u tlōle likhothaletso leha e le life. Haeba u na le lipotso, u ka ikopanya le tšehetso ea botekgeniki ea moetsi bakeng sa thuso e eketsehileng Hopola hore ho instola tse fosahetseng ho ka ama ts'ebetso ea khokahano ea hau ea Marang-rang. "