Tesla Full Self-Driving (FSD): hore na ke eng, e sebetsa joang, le hore na e na le boikemelo bofe

Hablar de conducción autónoma es hablar de Tesla y, en concreto, de su Mokhoa oa ho itsamaisa ka botlalo (FSD). Sistimi ena e bile e 'ngoe ea tse tsosang khang ka ho fetesisa, e kenelletseng ka har'a mecha ea litaba, ebile e tsoetse pele mabapi le thuso ea mokhanni. Ka litšepiso tsa boipuso bo felletseng, lintlafatso tse tsoelang pele, le likhang tsa molao, FSD ea Tesla e fetotse maikutlo a sechaba ka likoloi tse bohlale le indasteri ea likoloi.

Sehloohong sena re tlo bona hore na Tesla Full-Driving e kenyelletsa eng, kamoo e fetohileng kateng, ke mathata le liphephetso life eo e tobaneng le eona, le hore na e bolokehile hakae ebile e na le phetoho e kae. Haeba u batla tlhahisoleseding e pepeneneng, e qaqileng, le ea morao-rao—e sa hlokeng puo ea botekgeniki e sa hlokahaleng le ka mokhoa oa sebele—u fihlile sebakeng se nepahetseng.

Tesla Full Self-Driving ke eng?

Tesla Full Self-Driving, e tsebahalang ka hore ke FSD, ke theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ka ho fetisisa ea lithuso tsa mokhanni e fanoang ke Tesla, 'me e emela mohlala oa ho qetela oa boitlamo ba eona ho likoloi tse ikemetseng. Le hoja lebitso le fana ka maikutlo a hore koloi e ka itsamaisa, 'nete e fapane: Ka molao, FSD ke thuso ea Level 2 ho ea ka sehlopha sa SAE, eseng ho khanna ka ho feletseng. Sena se bolela hore kamehla mokhanni o lokela ho ela hloko le ho itokisetsa ho laola nako leha e le efe.

Le hoja lebitso la eona le bontša boipuso, Tesla o totobatsa seo Mokhanni o tlameha ho lula a le hlokolosi 'me a okamele koloi, leha FSD e kentsoe tšebetsong. Ke lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka mor'a likhohlano tse 'maloa, moo letšoao le qalileng ho bitsa sephutheloana sa "Full Self Self-Driving" (Ho Laolehile)'.

Tšimoloho: ho tloha ho Autopilot ho ea FSD

Leeto la Tesla la boipuso le qalile ka 2013, ha Elon Musk a qala ho bua phatlalatsa ka litsamaiso tse ka thusang bakhanni, tse susumelitsoeng ke bakhanni ba lifofane.

Entre 2014 y 2016, Sistimi ea Autopilot e bile litaba tse kholo ho Tesla Model S le Model X, ho kenyelletsa likarolo tse joalo ka ho paka makoloi le Summon (ho tlosa koloi sebakeng sa ho paka). Tšebelisano ea pele e ne e le Mobileye, empa sena se ile sa khaotsa ka lebaka la ho se tšoane ka meeli ea tšireletso.

Phetoho ea ho Fetela Boithati E ne e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e mengata, e nang le lisebelisoa tse lulang li fetoha (HW2, HW2.5, HW3, HW4, 'me haufinyane HW5), ho ntlafatsa li-processor le li-sensor. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, software e ile ea ntlafatsoa, ​​e lumella ho khanna litseleng tsa litoropo le ho lemoha mabone a sephethephethe le matšoao a ho emisa.

Phetoho ea ts'ebetso ea FSD le hardware

Phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa FSD le Autopilot le Enhanced Autopilot Takatso ea eona ke ho fihlela boipuso bo felletseng: hore koloi e ka potoloha litseleng tse kholo, libakeng tsa litoropo le litsing tsa ho paka ntle le ho kenella ha motho.

Tesla e ntlafalitse lisebelisoa le software ka nako, ho kenyelletsa:

• HW1 (2014): lisebelisoa tsa motheo le processor, tse nang le mesebetsi e fokolang.
• HW2 (2016): lik'hamera le li-sensor tse ngata, mohato oa bohlokoa o lebisang boipusong ba litoropo.
• HW2.5 (2017): ntlafatso ea li-processor le litsamaiso tse sa hlokahaleng.
• HW3 (2019): Khomphuta ea Tesla, matla a maholo a ho etsa liqeto.
• HW4 (2023): lik'hamera tsa qeto e phahameng le lisebelisoa tse matla haholoanyane, qalong li ne li le ka mokhoa oa ho etsisa ka software ea HW3.
• HW5 (AI5, 2026): e reriloeng bakeng sa 2026, e tla ba matla ho feta HW4 ka makhetlo a leshome.

FSD e kopanya lik'hamera (Tesla Vision), radar liphetolelong tse fetileng le li-processor tse entsoeng ke Tesla, e laoloang ke marang-rang a neural a tsoelang pele ho ithuta ho tsoa ho limilione tsa lik'hilomithara tse tsamaileng ho pota lefatše.

FSD software le betas

E 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa Tesla e bile phepelo e tsoelang pele ka sebopeho sa "beta", ntho e sa tloaelehang indastering ea likoloi. Ho tloha ka Mphalane 2020, baamoheli ba pele - ho kenyeletsoa basebetsi ba khethiloeng le bahlahlobi - ba qalile ho fumana mefuta ea liteko ea FSD libakeng tsa litoropo.

Leano lena le bile le likhang, Hobane ntlafatso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e kenyelletsa likotsi 'me e hlahisa tlhokomelo ea mecha ea litaba, likarolo tse hlahisitsoeng le ho ntlafatsoa li kenyelletsa:

• Highway Driving with Navigate on Autopilot
• Ho lemoha le ho arabela mabone a sephethephethe le matšoao a ho emisa
• Autosteer literateng tsa litoropo
• Cambio de carril automático
• Summon e tsoetseng pele (“Smart Summon”)
• Sebaka sa ho paka se ntlafetseng

Liphetolelo tsa morao-rao, tse kang 12 le 13, Li thehiloe hoo e batlang e le mekhoa ea ho ithuta ka mochine, haholo-holo e felisang khoutu ea setso le ho itšetleha ka marang-rang a neural a koetlisitsoeng ka data ea sebele.

FSD e sebetsa joang? Melao-motheo ea theknoloji

Motheo oa theknoloji oa Tesla o tsepamisitse maikutlo ho moaho o thehiloeng ho lik'hamera le pono e tsoetseng pele ea maiketsetso (Tesla Vision), Ho siela ka thoko li-sensor tse kang LIDAR kapa limmapa tse qaqileng tsa 3D, ho fapana le bahlolisani ba kang Waymo kapa Cruise.

El sistema emplea lik'hamera tse robeli tsa ka ntle, li-sensor tsa ultrasonic (ka mefuta ea pele ho 2023) le li-processor tse entsoeng ke Tesla, E laoloa ke netweke ea neural e ithutang ho tsoa ho lipaterone ho limilione tsa lintlha tsa nnete tsa ho khanna. Khampani e ithorisa ka sehlopha se seholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng sa pokello ea data bakeng sa ho khanna ba ikemetseng.

Leha ho le jwalo, Leano la ho itšetleha feela ka lik'hamera le limmapa tse bohlasoa le 'nile la nyatsuoa, Ba bang ba nka hore khaello ea LIDAR le limmapa tse nepahetseng li fokotsa sekhahla ho isa boemong ba 5 ba boipuso ba 'nete.

Litšobotsi tsa Star tsa FSD: Ena ke Tesla e Thusang ho khanna

Ha re hlahlobeng likarolo tse nepahetseng tseo FSD e fanang ka tsona liphutheloana tsa eona tse fapaneng, kaha phihlello e ka fapana ho latela naha, mofuta le hardware:

Papiso ea mesebetsi ho ea ka sephutheloana se entsoeng ka konteraka

Función	Autopilot	Ntlafatso ea Sefofane se Ikemetseng (EAP)	Full Self-Driving (FSD)
Control de crucero adaptativo	E,	E,	E,
Autosteer (lula tseleng)	E,	E,	E,
Navigate on Autopilot	Tjhe	E,	E,
Cambio de carril automático	Tjhe	E,	E,
Autopark	Tjhe	E,	E,
Summon	Tjhe	E,	E,
Smart Summon	Tjhe	E,	E,
Reconocimiento de señales de tráfico	Tjhe	Tjhe	E,
Autosteer teropong	Tjhe	Tjhe	E,

Tlhahiso e kholo ea FSD ha e bapisoa le mefuta e fetileng Ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho khanna ka boikemelo literateng tse tloaelehileng, ho kenyeletsoa li-curve, tsamaiso ea potoloho, mabone a sephethephethe le matšoao a ho emisa.

Liphetho tsa polokeho, lintlha, le likhang

Maikutlo a tšireletso ea FSD a itšetlehile ka maikutlo a fapaneng. Beng ba bona ba chesehang ka ho fetisisa ba e nka e fana ka polokeho e kholoanyane litseleng tse kholo le maeto a malelele, empa litlaleho tse ikemetseng ka linako tse ling li bontša lintlha tse hanyetsanang.

Tesla e re litsamaiso tsa eona li fokolitse sekhahla sa likotsi ka 40%, ho latela litlaleho tsa NHTSA, empa lithuto tse ling li belaella data ena mme li e bapisa le metrics e meng, ho hlokomela hore hangata litlhahlobo li hloleha ho nahana ka mefuta ea bohlokoa, joalo ka mofuta oa litsela le boiphihlelo ba mokhanni.

Lipalopalo li bontša hore sekhahla sa likotsi ka Autopilot kapa FSD se tloha ho kotsi e le 'ngoe lik'hilomithara tse limilione tse 6 ho isa ho tse 8, ha ho bapisoa le motho a le mong ho ba limilione tse 1,2 ba khannang ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, leha lipalo tsena li ka khopamisoa ke boemo ba basebelisi le tikoloho eo sistimi e sebelisoang ho eona.

Ho na le ngongoreho eo tšebeliso ea FSD, e e hloka tlhokomelo ea motho, e ka hlahisa maikutlo a fosahetseng a tšireletso, ho baka tshitiso le dikotsi tse ka hlahang. Karabelo ho liphoso tsa sistimi e ntse e sa potlake ka linako tsohle, 'me maemo a mahlonoko a thatafatsa ho khutlisa taolo.

Ho nyatsoa khafetsa le maemo a litsebi

Sechaba sa polokeho ea mahlale le litseleng se nyatsa haholo Tesla bakeng sa ho lokolla likarolo tsa beta ntle le netefatso e ikemetseng e ikemetseng, le khaello ea litsamaiso tse matla tsa ho beha leihlo tlhokomelo ea bakhanni. Mekhatlo e mengata e se e fane ka lintlha tsa FSD le Autopilot ka tlase ho litsamaiso tse ling mabapi le polokeho le thibelo. Tsena ke tse ling tsa linyatso tse kholo:

• Litebello tse fosahetseng: Lebitso le mesebetsi li ka fana ka maikutlo a boipuso bo felletseng bo le sieo.
• Tlhokomelo ea Bakhanni: Tesla o sebelisa li-sensor tsa torque lebiling la ho tsamaisa le lik'hamera tse kahare, empa eseng ka thata joalo ka bahlahisi ba bang. Ho na le maemo ao ho ona litsamaiso tsena li ka thetsoang.
• Ho hloleha ho lemoha litšitiso le maemo a tšohanyetso: Ho 'nile ha tlalehoa liketsahalo tseo ho tsona tsamaiso e ileng ea hlōleha ho senya ho arabela litšitiso kapa likoloi tsa tšohanyetso, ka liphello tse tebileng.
• Maikutlo a sa lebelloang le phantom braking: Mathata a joalo ka braking e sa lebelloang kapa ho kheloha ho sa lebelloang e bile taba ea lipatlisiso le ho hopola.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, Tesla o ntlafalitse software mme a fana ka mehopolo ea ho ntlafatsa likarolo tsena, leha litsebi li lumela hore ntlafatso ea mantlha ea polokeho e ntse e emetse.

Melao, linyeoe le litaba tsa taolo

Tesla o tobane le tse 'maloa litaba tsa molao le linyeoe mabapi le lipapatso tse khelosang le likotsi tse amanang le Autopilot le FSD. Makhotla a mang a ahlotse khahlanong le Tesla, a hloka hore brand e hlakise bokhoni ba 'nete le mefokolo ea litsamaiso tsa eona, le ho kenyelletsa litemoso tse hlakileng ho sebopeho.

Ba boholong, joalo ka NHTSA, ba thakhotse lipatlisiso tsa semmuso mme ba bile ba kopile ho emisoa ha nakoana ha likarolo tse itseng mefuteng e meng, hammoho le ho batla hore ho ntlafatsoe tlhahlobo ea bakhanni le pepeneneng ea data ea ho oa.

Tesla e bokella boitsebiso bo bongata ba ho khanna ho pholletsa le likepe tsa eona, ba fepa le ho koetlisa mehlala ea bona ea AI. Leha ho le joalo, pepeneneng mabapi le tšebeliso ea data ena le melaoana ea lekunutu e 'nile ea nyatsuoa ke mekhatlo ea bareki le litsebi tsa ts'ireletso ea data.

Bokamoso ba FSD le tlholisano

Leha Tesla e etella pele ka bongata ba likoloi tse nang le likarolo tse tsoetseng pele, Tlholisano ka polokeho le ho nepahala e ntse e tsoela pele ka potlako. Likhamphani tse kang Waymo kapa Cruise li kenya tšebetsong litsamaiso tse nang le LIDAR, limmapa tsa HD le lisebelisoa tse laoloang haholoanyane metseng e itseng.

Bokamoso ba FSD bo tla itšetleha ka lintlha tse 'maloa:

• Ntlafatso ea HW5 le katoloso ea likepe tsa Robotaxi.
• Ho khutlela boikemelong ba batho ba sa keneng lipakeng, ka ho latela melao.
• Bontša, ka lintlha le bopaki, hore tsamaiso ea hau e sireletsehile ebile e ka tšeptjoa.
• Ikamahanye le melao ea linaha tse fapaneng, haholo-holo Europe le China.

Liphello tsa boitšoaro le tsa sechaba

Ho fihla ha litsamaiso tse ikemetseng hoa phahamisa mathata a boits'oaro le molao a sa kang a bonoa, joalo ka melato ea likotsi, ts'ireletso ea data, le polokeho tseleng. Ho hlahisa likarolo tsa beta tlas'a maemo a sebele a bophelo le hona ho hlahisa ngangisano mabapi le melaoana e nepahetseng.

Litaba tsena li tla susumetsa nts'etsopele ea nako e tlang, taolo, le kamohelo ea sechaba ea ho khanna ba ikemetseng. Tesla, boitlamo ba eona ba ho nchafatsa, e tobane le tlhoko ea ho leka-lekanya tsoelo-pele le polokeho, pepeneneng le boikarabello.

Ka mor'a tlhahlobo ena, ho hlakile hore Tesla Full Self-Driving e emela tsoelo-pele e kholo ea theknoloji, empa e boetse e tobane le liphephetso tse kholo polokehong, taolong le ponong ea sechaba. Boipuso bo felletseng bo ntse bo hahuoa, 'me bolebeli, taolo le melao ea boitšoaro e tla ba senotlolo sa ho netefatsa hore kopanyo ea eona e bolokehile ebile e na le molemo ho bohle.