Mefuta ea li-firewall: Tsohle tseo u hlokang ho li tseba

Nchafatso ea hoqetela: 07/10/2024

Mefuta ea li-firewall

Lefatšeng leo cybersecurity e lulang e fetoha, ho tseba mefuta e fapaneng ea li-firewall le hore na li sebetsa joang ho bohlokoa ho sireletsa marang-rang le lisebelisoa tsa rona. Li-firewall tsena li sebetsa e le mokhoa oa pele oa ts'ireletso ka ho thibela litšokelo tsa cyber le phihlello e sa lumelloeng ea lits'ebetso tsa rona, 'me bohlokoa ba bona bo eketsehile ka tsela e ts'oanang le ho rarahana ha litlhaselo tse batlang ho tlola ts'ireletso ea mekhatlo le basebelisi ba ho qetela.

Ho theosa le lilemo, li-firewall li bile teng ho tloha ho li-filters tse bonolo tsa pakete ho ea ho litharollo tse tsoetseng pele tse kopanyang thibelo ea ho kenella, ho sefa lits'ebetso, le tse ling. Sehloohong sena, re tla qhaqha mefuta e meholo ea li-firewall tse teng, likarolo tsa tsona, melemo le mathata, le kamoo li fetohileng kateng ho sebetsana le litšokelo tse rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa tsa cybersecurity.

Firewall ke eng mme e sebetsa joang?

Un fayawolo, kapa firewall, ke sesebelisoa sa tšireletso se laolang sephethephethe se kenang le se tsoang marang-rang ka sepheo sa ho lumella feela likhokahano tse sireletsehileng le ho thibela tse ka bang kotsi. Ka sehlopha sa melao e boletsoeng esale pele, firewall e ka sekaseka sephethephethe sa data, ea e arola ho se sireletsehileng le se sa sireletsehang, ebe se etsa joalo. Ebang ke marang-rang kapa boemong ba sesebelisoa ka bomong, mosebetsi oa eona oa mantlha ke ho sireletsa khahlanong le diketso tse lonya tse sokelang botšepehi ba data marang-rang.

Firewall e ka etsa liqeto ho lumella kapa ho hana ho fihlella ho ipapisitse le liparamente tse fapaneng, joalo ka Liaterese tsa IPthe likepe e sebedisoang kapa esita le melaoana basebetsi ka likamano. Ho feta moo, li-firewall tse ling tse tsoetseng pele li lumella ho hlahlojoa maemong a tebileng, ho theha likarolo tse ling tsa ts'ireletso.

li-firewall tsa malware

Mefuta ea li-firewall e ipapisitse le sebaka le ts'ebeliso

Ho latela hore na firewall e kentsoe hokae, re ka e arola ka mefuta e 'meli e meholo: li-firewall tsa hardware le li-firewall tsa software.

Li-firewall tsa Hardware

Un firewall ea hardware E kentsoe sesebelisoa sa 'mele, seo hangata se fumanehang moeling kapa haufi le moo ho kenang marang-rang. Li-firewall tsa Hardware hangata li fumaneha ho li-routers kapa likhomphutha tse inehetseng mme li sireletsa lisebelisoa tsohle tse hokahaneng le marang-rang. Sena se lumella lisebelisoa tse ngata ho rua molemo ts'ireletso ea firewall ntle le ho kenya software e le 'ngoe ho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona.

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Bakeng sa marangrang a khoebo, liindasteri kapa tsa khoebo, li-firewall tsa hardware hangata li matla ho feta 'me li hloka a boemo bo phahameng ba ho ikhethela ka litsebi tsa tšireletso. Le hoja li theko e boima haholo ebile li rarahane ho li laola, li fana ka tšireletso e babatsehang bakeng sa tikoloho moo ho hlokahalang mekhahlelo e mengata ea tšireletso.

Software firewall

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, software ea firewall E kenngoa ka ho toba lisebelisoa tsa motho ka mong, tse kang lik'homphieutha kapa li-server. Hangata e kopantsoe le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea hoo e batlang e le lisebelisoa tsohle, 'me sepheo sa eona ke ho sireletsa seo sesebelisoa se itseng tsa litlhaselo. Le hoja ka kakaretso e sa sireletse marang-rang kaofela, e ka ba sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa haholo hammoho le firewall ea hardware.

E 'ngoe ea melemo ea mantlha ea software ea firewall ke boiketlo ba eona ba ho kenya le bokhoni ba eona ba ho re fa taolo e tobileng holim'a sephethephethe se kenang le se tsoang ho sesebelisoa sa rona. Leha ho le joalo, hobane e sebetsa ho sesebelisoa ka boeona, e ka ja lisebelisoa le ho fokotsa tsamaiso.

Mefuta ea li-firewall ho latela mokhoa oa ho sefa sephethephethe

Ntle le sebaka sa bona, li-firewall li ka boela tsa aroloa ho latela tsela eo ba sebetsanang le sephethephethe sa marang-rang. Ka mor'a moo, re tla hlalosa ka ho qaqileng mefuta e fapaneng ea firewall ho latela mekhoa ea ho hloekisa.

Pakete Filtering Firewall

Ena ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea mantlha ea mantlha, mme mosebetsi oa eona ke ho etsa liqeto ho latela Liaterese tsa IP, likepe o melaoana. Sistimi ena ha e etse tlhahlobo e tebileng ea litaba kapa ho boloka boemo ba khokahano. Le hoja li potlakile 'me li ja lisebelisoa tse fokolang, ts'ireletso ea tsona e lekanyelitsoe, kaha sephethephethe leha e le sefe se fetang boema-kepe bo amohelehang se ka ba le khoutu e kotsi.

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Moemeli oa firewall

Mofuta ona oa firewall o sebetsa joalo ka broker pakeng tsa marang-rang a ka hare le a ka ntle, ho thibela likamano tse tobileng pakeng tsa lisebelisoa. E lekola lipakete tsa tlhahisoleseling tse kenang mme e lumella feela phihlello haeba e kopana le mekhoa ea ts'ireletso. Le hoja mofuta ona oa firewall o fana ka tšireletso e khōloanyane, o ka boela oa fokotsa tshebetso ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea liphutheloana.

Stateful Inspection Firewall

Setsi sa tlhahlobo ea boemo bo botle ha se hlahlobe hlooho ea pakete feela, empa hape e se sekaseka estado ea sebele ka hare ho kgokelo. Sena se lumella likou ho buloa le ho koaloa ka matla, ho netefatsa tšireletso e ntle. Bokhoni ba eona ba ho lemoha le ho hopola likhokahano tse fetileng bo etsa hore e be tharollo e sireletsehileng ho feta firewall e tloaelehileng ea pakete.

Next Generation Firewall (NGFW)

El Next Generation Firewall ha e etse feela mesebetsi ea setso ea li-firewall, empa e tsoela pele, e kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa ts'ireletso tse kang thibelo ea ho kena, ea temoho e tsoetseng pele ea kopo le bokhoni ba ho sekaseka sephethephethe likarolong tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa mohlala oa OSI. Mofuta ona oa firewall o molemo haholo bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse kholo tse hlokang tšireletso e felletseng khahlano le litšokelo tse tsoetseng pele joalo ka malware, ts'ebeliso ea ts'ireletso, le litlhaselo tsa lits'ebetso.

Phapang lipakeng tsa li-firewall ho latela sebopeho sa tsona

Tsela e 'ngoe ea ho arola li-firewall ke ka sebopeho sa tsona. Li-firewall li ka kenngoa ts'ebetsong e le lisebelisoa tsa thepa, software, kapa esita le litšebeletso tsa maru. Ka tlase re arola mefuta ea mantlha ea sebopeho sa firewall se teng hajoale:

  • Hardware Firewall: Li-firewall tsena hangata li fumaneha ho lisebelisoa tse ikemetseng tse sireletsang lisebelisoa tse ngata marang-rang. Le hoja li le matla, li hloka basebetsi ba nang le tsebo ho li kenya ts'ebetsong 'me li ka fokotsoa ke hardware eo ba e sebelisang.
  • Software Firewall: Li bonolo ho li kenya ts'ebetsong 'me li kenngoa ka ho toba mochine o lokelang ho sireletsoa. Leha ba sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa sistimi, li loketse basebelisi ka bomong le likhoebo tse nyane.
  • Cloud Firewall: Ke litharollo tse tenyetsehang haholo tse sireletsang data le lisebelisoa libakeng tsa maru. Ba phahamisa melemo ea ho tsebahatsa 'me ba etselitsoe ho sebetsa libakeng tse kotsi, e leng se etsang hore e be tse loketseng likhoebo tse fallisetsang litšebeletso tsa bona marung.
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Li-firewall tsa Cloud li ntse li tsoela pele ho tsebahala ha li ntse li fana tshireletso e kgolo le ho ikamahanya le litlhoko tsa lik'hamphani tse sebetsang libakeng tsa maru. Ho feta moo, ho tenyetseha ha bona ho lumella ho tsamaisoa habonolo kae kapa kae lefatšeng.

Mehlala le mehlala ea tšebeliso e sebetsang

Ho itšetlehile ka boemo, mefuta e meng ea li-firewall e loketse ho feta e meng. Ka tlase ke mehlala e meng ea baemeli:

Li-Firewall tsa Pakete ea Khoebo e Nyane: Likhoebo tse ngata tse nyenyane li khetha mofuta ona oa li-firewall ka lebaka la theko e tlaase le boiketlo ba ho kenya ts'ebetsong, le haeba e sa fane ka boemo bo tsoetseng pele ba tšireletso.

Li-firewall tsa tlhahlobo ea bophelo bo botle mekhatlong e meholo ea thuto: Hangata liunivesithi li hloka ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa ts'ireletso le ts'ebetso, 'me li-firewall tsa tlhahlobo tse hlakileng li li lumella ho laola palo e kholo ea data ntle le ho senya katleho.

Li-firewall tsa NGFW lik'hamphaning tsa machaba: Likhoebo tse kholo tse tsamaisang lits'ebetso tse pharalletseng hangata li khetha li-firewall tsa moloko o latelang ho itšireletsa khahlanong le litšokelo tse tsoetseng pele le ho netefatsa ts'ireletso e felletseng.

Li-firewall ke karolo ea bohlokoa lefatšeng la sejoale-joale cybersecurity. Joalokaha re bone, ha ho na mofuta o le mong oa firewall o loketseng maemo ohle. Mokhatlo o mong le o mong, ebang o moholo kapa o monyenyane, o tlameha ho hlahloba litlhoko tsa oona pele o etsa qeto ka tharollo e itseng. Ha nako e ntse e ea, ho fetoha ha li-firewall ho lumelletse litšitiso tsa ts'ireletso hore li eketsehe, 'me leha ho se le e' ngoe e fanang ka tharollo e phethahetseng khahlano le litšokelo tsohle, ke sesebelisoa se sebetsang haholo sa ho fokotsa likotsi.