Amalungelo asisiseko xa uthenga itekhnoloji kwi-Intanethi eSpain

Zintoni zakho Ngawaphi amalungelo akho asisiseko xa uthenga itekhnoloji kwi-Intanethi eSpain? Ukuthenga itekhnoloji kwi-Intanethi kulula kakhulu, kodwa kufuna ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo iziqinisekiso zakho kunye nezibophelelo zokuthintela izinto ezothusayo. Rhoqo nge-15 kaMatshi, uSuku lweHlabathi lwamaLungelo oMthengi luyakhunjulwa, lugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo akho akalibaleki xa ucofa "ukuhlawula." Kwimeko yedijithali, Amalungelo akho aya phambili kwaye kufuneka ahlonitshwe. kangangoko kwivenkile ebonakalayo.

ESpain kunye ne-European Union kukho isakhelo esomeleleyo esikhusela abo bathengayo kwi-Intanethi: ulwazi lwangaphambili olunyanzelekileyo, amaxesha okuhanjiswa, ukurhoxiswa, iziqinisekiso, ukukhuselwa kwedatha, ukhuseleko lwentlawulo (Ndiqinisekisa njani ukuba izinto endizithengileyo zikhuselekile?) kunye namajelo ezikhalazo asebenzayo. Ukuba uyayazi into omawuyifune kwaye uyibanga njaniUthenga ngoxolo lwengqondo ngakumbi, uphephe ubuqhetseba, kwaye uneendlela ezininzi zokusombulula iingxaki ngaphandle kweengxaki.

Amalungelo abalulekileyo xa uthenga iteknoloji kwi-intanethi

Ngaphambi kokuhlawula, ivenkile kufuneka ichaze ngokucacileyo ukuba ngubani Inkampani yomthengisi (igama okanye igama leshishini, inombolo ye-ID yerhafu/inombolo ye-VAT, idilesi, i-imeyile, inombolo yomnxeba, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano). Olu lwazi luhlala luvela kwiSaziso soMthetho okanye kwiNdawo yoMthetho yewebhusayithi kwaye iyinxalenye yobuncinci obufunekayo elubala.

Ukongeza kwisazisi, unelungelo lokufumana ulwazi oluyinyaniso, olucacileyo noluqondakalayo Ngokumalunga nemveliso okanye inkonzo: iinkcukacha eziphambili, ixabiso lokugqibela elibandakanya iirhafu, iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa, imigaqo yorhwebo, naziphi na izithintelo zonikezelo, kunye nexesha lonikezelo. Olu lwazi luba yinxalenye yekhontrakthi ngaphandle kokuba uvumelana ngokucacileyo ngenye indlela.

Iindleko ezipheleleyo kufuneka zicace kuwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthenga: Ixabiso libandakanya iVAT, iirhafu kunye neentlawulo ezongezelelweyoUmthengisi akanako ukongeza imali eyothusayo ekuphumeni, kwaye naziphi na iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo (umzekelo, ukusonga isipho, ukuhanjiswa okucacileyo, okanye i-inshurensi) zifuna imvume ecacileyo; iibhokisi eziphawulwe kwangaphambili azivumelekanga.

Xa ugqibezela ukuthenga kwi-intanethi, inkampani inyanzelekile ukuba ikuthumelele a ukuqinisekiswa kwekhontrakthi kwindlela ehlala ixesha elide (i-imeyile, uxwebhu olukhutshelwayo okanye umyalezo kwi-akhawunti yakho), onokuthi uyigcine kwaye umqeshi angakwazi ukuyiguqula ngokuzimeleyo.

Khumbula ukuba, ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, ivenkile kufuneka izise iodolo. ngaphandle kokulibaziseka okungafanelekanga kwaye ngaphakathi kobuninzi beentsuku ezingama-30 ukusukela kumhla wokwenziwa kwesivumelwano. Ukuba abakwazi ukufikelela kumhla wokugqibela, kufuneka bakwazise ukuze wenze isigqibo sokuba ulinde okanye urhoxise kwaye ubuyiselwe imali yakho.

Ulwazi lwangaphambili, amaxabiso kunye neentlawulo: yintoni ekufuneka ivenkile ikuxelele yona

Ukuthengiswa komgama (i-intanethi, ifowuni, ikhathalogu okanye ukuhanjiswa kwekhaya), umthengisi kufuneka anike ulwazi olongezelelweyo ngaphambi kokuthenga, njenge idilesi ye-imeyile, inombolo yobhaliso lweshishiniIsihloko sobungcali ukuba siyasebenza, inombolo ye-VAT, ubulungu obunokubakho kumbutho weengcali, iindlela zokusombulula iingxabano kunye neenkonzo ezifumanekayo emva kokuthengisa.

Kufuneka kwakhona ikwazise malunga izithintelo zonikezelo (Umzekelo, ukuba ayithumeli kwiziqithi okanye kumazwe athile). Indawo ephela ngo-.es okanye .eu ayiqinisekisi ukuba inkampani izinze eSpain okanye e-EU; kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqinisekise idilesi yokwenyani kunye neenkcukacha zenkampani, kwaye uphephe ukuthenga iselula yomgunyathi.

Xa umyalelo ubandakanya intlawulo, iwebhusayithi kufuneka ivule iqhosha okanye isenzo esicacileyo esenza ukuba kucace oko Ukufaka iodolo kuthetha uxanduva lokuhlawulaOko kucaca yinxalenye yokhuseleko kwiintlawulo ezicacileyo.

ESpain, iinkampani azikwazi ukudlulisela iindleko kuwe. Imali eyongezelelweyo yokuhlawula ngekhadi debit okanye ngetyala. Ukuba iintlawulo ezongeziweyo ziyasebenza kwiindlela ezithile zokuhlawula, azinakuze zigqithe elona xabiso lifunyenwe ngumrhwebi ukuze kuqhutywe loo ndlela.

Ukuba inkampani ibonelela ngenkxaso yomnxeba emva kokuthengisa, inombolo ayinakuba yinombolo yexabiso leprimiyamu: Kufuneka basebenzise ireyithi esisiseko. Ngemibuzo okanye izikhalazo malunga nezinto ozithengileyo okanye iikhontrakthi, ukuphepha iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezingathethelelekanga.

Ukuthunyelwa, ukuhanjiswa kunye noxanduva ngexesha lokuthutha

Ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, umthengisi kufuneka akuse imveliso kuwe. phakathi kweentsuku zekhalenda ezingama-30 Ukususela kumzuzu uvala isivumelwano. Ukuba kukho ukulibaziseka ngaphandle kwesizathu esibambekayo kwaye ucele ukubuyiselwa imali, ungafaka ibango lembuyekezo yemali ehlawulweyo kwaye, ukuba umrhwebi akayibuyisi imali ngexesha elibekiweyo, nokuba funa kabini imali oyityalayo kwiimeko ezithile ezibonelelwe ngokusemthethweni.

Ude ufumane iphakheji, umthengisi unoxanduva lwawo nawuphi na umonakalo okanye ilahleko. Oko kukuthi, ukuba imveliso ifika yaphukile okanye ayize ifike ngenxa yengxaki yokuthumela, inkampani ethengisayo iyaphendulaHayi wena. Bhala isiganeko ngeefoto kwaye usixele ngokukhawuleza.

Xa into ingafumanekiyo, inkampani kufuneka ikwazise kwaye ikhuphe imbuyiselo yemali ngaphandle kokulibaziseka okungafanelekanga. Ukulibaziseka kwimbuyekezo Basenokuvelisa iziphumo zomthetho kunye nelungelo lembuyekezo, kuxhomekeke kwimeko kunye nemimiselo esebenzayo.

Ukuthenga imida ngaphakathi kwe-EU, jonga ukuba ivenkile ibonelela [le nkonzo/nkonzo]. imida yokuthumela ngenqanawa kwingingqi yakho. Le nkcukacha kufuneka iboniswe phambi kwentlawulo, kunye neendleko eziqikelelweyo kunye nemihla ebekiweyo.

Isiqinisekiso sokuthenga kunye namaxwebhu ekufuneka agcinwe

Nje ukuba iodolo ifakiwe, inkampani kufuneka ikuthumele isiqinisekiso sekhontrakthi (nge-imeyile okanye isitishi esilinganayo). Yigcine, kunye ne-invoyisi, inqaku lokuhambisa, imimiselo kunye neemeko, kunye nemifanekiso efanelekileyo ye-screenshots.

Ukugcina amaxwebhu ngundoqo ekulawuleni iziqinisekiso okanye amabango. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyigcine, ubuncinci, ukwenzela ixesha lesiqinisekiso somthetho yemveliso. Ukuba uqhagamshelane nathi ngencoko, ifowuni, okanye i-imeyile, nceda ugcine unxibelelwano kunye neenombolo zesiganeko.

Phambi kokuba uthenge, thatha umzuzwana ufunde imigaqo jikelele kunye neemeko kunye nesaziso somthetho. Oko kufunda ngokukhawuleza kuya kutyhila ibuyisela imigaqo-nkqubo, imihla ebekiweyo kunye neendlekokwaye ikuvumela ukuba ufumane amagatya athandabuzekayo. Iikhontrakthi kufuneka zibhalwe ngendlela elula, eqondakalayo kwaye ngaphandle kwamagama angafanelekanga.

Ilungelo lokurhoxa: Iintsuku ezili-14 zokubuya ngaphandle kokunika izizathu

Njengomthetho jikelele, unelungelo loku ukurhoxa kwikhontrakthi kwiintsuku ezili-14 zekhalenda Ukususela kumzuzu ufumana imveliso, ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa isizathu kwaye ngaphandle kwesohlwayo. Eli lungelo likwasebenza nakwiinkonzo ekungenwe kuzo kwikhontrakthi ekude, kunye nezinto ezingephi malunga nokuba inkonzo iqala nini.

Ukuba umthengisi akakwazisi ngokufanelekileyo ngelungelo lakho lokurhoxisa, umhla wokugqibela uyandiswa de kube Iinyanga ezili-12 ezongezelelweyoNgoko ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlolisise icandelo lokubuyisela kwaye ugcine ubungqina bolwazi olunikezwe kwiwebhusayithi.

Xa usebenzisa ilungelo lakho lokurhoxisa, ivenkile kufuneka ikubuyisele imali ehlawulweyo, kuquka naziphi na iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa. iindleko zokuqala zokuthumelaKwisithuba seentsuku ezili-14 ubuninzi ukusuka kumhla onxibelelene ngawo ngesigqibo sakho. Iindleko zokuthumela ngenqanawa zidla ngokuba luxanduva lwakho, ngaphandle kokuba inkampani ichaza ngenye indlela.

Kukho iimeko apho ukurhoxiswa kungavumelekanga. Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lwezona meko zixhaphakileyo apho... Akukho mbuyiselo yamkelwe ukurhoxiswa.:

• Iinkonzo esele ziphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo neyakho bonisa imvume kunye nokuqondwa kokulahlekelwa lilungelo.
• Iimpahla okanye iinkonzo ezinexabiso elixhomekeke kuzo ukuguquguquka kweemarike ezinganxulumananga nomqeshi ngexesha lokurhoxa.
• Amanqaku enziwe ngokungqinelana ne iinkcukacha zabathengi okanye yenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokucacileyo.
• Iimveliso ezinokuthi ziwohloke okanye ziphelelwe lixesha ngokukhawuleza.
• Impahla etywiniweyo ayifaneleki ukubuyiswa ngenxa izizathu zempilo okanye ucoceko nokuba azitywinwanga.
• Iimpahla ezinazo ngokwendalo yazo ixubene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nezinye iimpahla emva kokuziswa.
• Iziselo ezinxilisayo ekuvunyelwene ngazo ngexabiso ekuthengisweni kwazo kwaye azinakuhanjiswa phambi kweentsuku ezingama-30, nezakuthi Ixabiso lokwenyani lixhomekeke kwimarike.
• Utyelelo olucelelwe ukulungiswa okanye ukulungiswa okungxamisekileyoUkuba iimpahla ezongezelelweyo okanye iinkonzo zinikezelwa ngexesha lokutyelela, ukuhoxiswa kuya kusebenza kwiimpahla okanye iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo.
• Ushicilelo lwesandi, ushicilelo lwevidiyo okanye isoftware etywiniweyo ayivalwanga emva kokunikezelwa.
• Iphephandaba lemihla ngemihla, upapasho lwephephandaba okanye iimagazini (ngaphandle kwemirhumo).
• Iikhontrakthi ekungenwe kuzo iifandesi zikawonke-wonke.
• Iinkonzo zokuhlala (hayi izindlu), ukuthuthwa kwempahla, ukurenta isithuthi, ukutya okanye imisebenzi yokuzonwabisa enomhla okanye ixesha elithile.
• Umxholo weDijithali awubonelelwanga kwisixhobo esibambekayo xa i ukubulawa kuqalile ngemvume yakho ecacileyo kunye nolwazi lokuba ulahlekelwa lilungelo lokurhoxa.

Isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni kunye neenketho ukuba imveliso ayichazwanga

Ukuba into leyo inesiphene, ayisebenzi njengoko bekuthenjisiwe, okanye ayihambelani nenkcazo, umthetho ukunika ilungelo lokuyibuyisela endaweni yayo: ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwakwaye xa oku kungenakwenzeka okanye kungalingani, ukuncitshiswa kwexabiso okanye ukupheliswa kwekhontrakthi.

Kwiimpahla ezithengiweyo ukusuka nge-1 kaJanuwari 2022 ukuya phambili, ixesha letyala lokungahambelani iminyaka emithathu ukususela kumhla wokuhanjiswa. Ngomxholo wedijithali okanye iinkonzo, ixesha elimisiweyo li iminyaka emibiniUkuthenga okwenziwe ngaphambi kwaloo mhla, iwaranti esemthethweni yempahla entsha yayiyiminyaka emibini. Kwiimpahla ezisetyenzisiweyo, ixesha elifutshane kunokuvunyelwana ngalo, kodwa lingabi ngaphantsi konyaka omnye.

Ukusukela ngo-2022, bekucingelwa ukuba ukungahambelani kubonakaliswe kwi iminyaka emibini yokuqala ukusuka ekuhanjisweni kwempahla esele ikhona ngelo xesha; kwimeko yomxholo wedijithali okanye inkonzo enikezelwe ngesenzo esinye, i-presumption iyanda unyaka omnyeKwiikontraka zangaphambili, ukucingelwa ngokubanzi kwakuyienyanga ezintandathu.

Ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa kufuneka kube simahla, kwi-a ixesha elifanelekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu. Ngelixa inkqubo isaqhubeka, imihla ebekiweyo yokuxela ukungathotyelwa kwengxelo iyanqunyanyiswa. Ukuba akunakwenzeka okanye kunzima kakhulu ukuba umthengi aqhagamshelane neshishini, banako faka ibango ngqo kumvelisi.

Iwaranti yorhwebo (ukongeza kwiwaranti esemthethweni) inokunikezelwa ngaphandle kwentlawulo ngumthengisi okanye ithengwe ngokwahlukileyo. Uxwebhu lwakho kufuneka luchaze ilungelo lakho lokhuseleko lwewaranti yasimahla. amanyathelo omthetho okulungisa, iinkcukacha zomqinisekisi, inkqubo yokuyisebenzisa, iimpahla okanye imixholo esebenza kuyo, ubude bexesha kunye nobubanzi bommandla.

Amacandelo, iinkonzo emva kokuthengisa kunye nokulungiswa

Kwimpahla ehlala ixesha elide, umthengi unelungelo lokuba a inkonzo efanelekileyo yobugcisa ubukho beendawo ezisecaleni zeminyaka eli-10 emva kokuba imveliso iyekile ukwenziwa (iminyaka emi-5 yeempahla ezenziwe ngaphambi kwe-1 kaJanuwari 2022), umzekelo Abalawuli be-XR kunye nezixhobo.

Ukulungiswa, i-invoyisi kufuneka ibe yinto ixabiso leendawo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nabasebenziUluhlu lwamaxabiso lwamalungu kufuneka lufumaneke esidlangalaleni. Hlala ucela irisithi okanye isiliphu sakho sediphozithi esinomhla, imeko yento leyo, kunye nomsebenzi oceliweyo.

Unexesha loku unyaka wokuqokelela Impahla ishiywe ukuze ilungiswe. Kwizinto ezigcinwe ngaphambi komhla woku-1 kuJanuwari, 2022, umhla obekiweyo wokuphinda zithathwe yiminyaka emithathu. Ukugcina iirisithi kunye nonxibelelwano luququzelela nawaphi na amabango alandelayo.

Kuthetha ukuthini "ukuhambelana" kwiimpahla kunye nomxholo / iinkonzo zedijithali?

Imveliso yedijithali okanye umxholo/inkonzo iyahambelana nekhontrakthi ukuba ihambelana ne inkcazelo, uhlobo, ubungakanani, umgangathoIbonisa ukusebenza okuthenjisiweyo, ukuhambelana, kunye nokusebenzisana, ukongeza kwezo kuvunyelwene ngazo. Ikwabandakanya imiba yobugcisa efanelekileyo njenge Yintoni i-DRM? kunye nendlela enokuchaphazela ngayo ukusetyenziswa komxholo.

Kufuneka ilungele ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kunye ne usetyenziso oluthile ukuba umboleki uyibonisile kwaye ishishini liyamkele. Kufuneka iziswe kunye nezixhobo, ukupakishwa, kunye nemiyalelo umsebenzisi anokuyilindela ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ekuvunyelwene ngayo.

Kwimeko yesiqulatho sedijithali okanye iinkonzo, umnini-shishini kufuneka ababonelele nge uhlaziyo olufanelekileyo (kuquka ukhuseleko) njengoko kuvunyelwene nanjengoko umboleki anokulindela, ukugcina ukufikeleleka kunye nokuqhubekeka ngokwemigaqo yekhontrakthi.

Umgangatho, ukuqina, kunye nezinye iimpawu kufuneka zihambelane nento umsebenzisi onengqiqo unokulindela iimpahla ezifanayo. Ukuba oku akunjalo, amalungelo akho okulungisa, ukutshintshwa, ukuthotywa kwexabiso okanye ukupheliswa ayasebenza.

Ubungasese, iikuki kunye nokuthenga okukhuselekileyo: khusela idatha yakho

Ivenkile kufuneka inike ulwazi oluselubala malunga njani kwaye ngoba Sicubungula idatha yakho yobuqu, sikhusela amalungelo akho okufikelela, ukulungisa, ukuchasa, ukucima, kunye namanye amalungelo phantsi kwemithetho yokhuseleko lwedatha. Musa ukwabelana ngolwazi olungeyomfuneko ekuthengeni.

Ukusetyenziswa kweekuki okanye ezinye izixhobo zokugcina kufuna ulwazi olucacileyo kwaye, apho kufanelekileyo, imvume Ukusuka kumsebenzisi. Hlaziya ubumfihlo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yeekuki, kwaye uqwalasele izinto ozikhethayo ngengqiqo eqhelekileyo.

Ukuthenga ngokukhuselekileyo, khangela ukuba iwebhusayithi iyayisebenzisa I-HTTPS kunye nesatifikethi esisebenzayoQinisekisa ukuba ulwazi olusemthethweni lufumaneka ngokulula kwaye bayazamkela iindlela zokuhlawula ezikhuselekileyo (amakhadi avunyiweyo okanye amaqonga). Kuphephe ukudluliselwa ukuba awunaziqinisekiso, njengoko ukubuyisela imali kwimeko yobuqhetseba kunzima kakhulu.

Ukwazi imingcipheko efana inkohliso, ubusela besazisi, okanye iransomware Ikunceda uphephe ubuqhophololo bedijithali: Zilumkele ii-imeyile ezingxamisekileyo ezicela ulwazi, jonga i-URL, kwaye ungazikhupheli iifayile kwimithombo ethandabuzekayo.

Indlela yokukhalaza xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle kwaye ngubani onokukunceda

Ukuba udibana nengxaki, chonga umba kwaye ujonge kwakhona umgaqo-nkqubo wevenkile. Okokuqala, qhagamshelana nomthengisi ngokusebenzisa amajelo asemthethweni kwaye uchaze imeko. ukucaca kunye nobungqina (iifoto, inombolo yeodolo, ii-imeyile). Gcina yonke imizila yonxibelelwano.

Ukuba impendulo ayikuqinisekisi, unokulandelayo onayo: Iqonga le-ODR yaseYurophu (I-Online Dispute Resolution), i-portal yamahhala yokulawula izikhalazo zokuthengwa kwe-intanethi phakathi kwabathengi kunye namashishini e-EU. Iluncedo kwiingxabano zemida.

Ungaqhagamshelana neZiko labaThengi laseYurophu eSpain ngolwazi oluthengiweyo kwiinkampani ezikwamanye amazwe angamalungu. Kwinqanaba lengingqi, amabhunga edolophu kunye noorhulumente beengingqi nabo banemithombo yabo. ii-ofisi zolwazi lwabathengi kunye neebhodi zolamlo zabathengi ezinokulamla okanye ziqhube amabango.

E-Spain, amagunya abathengi kunye nemibutho yabathengi banikezela iingcebiso kunye neetemplates zezikhalazo. Ukuba imeko iyayifuna, funa uncedo lwezomthetho ezikhethekileyo ekuvavanyeni esona sicwangciso singcono.

Izibophelelo zabathengi: ayingawo onke amalungelo

Umthengi kufuneka athobele: hlawula ixabiso ekuvunyelwene ngalo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, aze ahlawule iindleko eziya kuthi, ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyelwene ngenye indlela, zingqinelane naye emva kokuziswa (umzekelo, iindleko zokuthumela imbuyekezo ukuba kubonisiwe).

Gcina amaxwebhu entengiselwano ekhuselekile: imigaqo nemiqathango eqhelekileyo eyamkelekileyo, odola isingqinoI-invoyisi, ubungqina bentlawulo, inqaku lokuhanjiswa, kunye nonxibelelwano kunye nenkampani. Umfanekiso weskrini onikelweyo unokusombulula imibuzo yexesha elizayo.

Sebenzisa iindlela zokuhlawula ezikhuselekileyo kwaye usebenze amanyathelo okhuseleko (ukuqinisekiswa kwamanyathelo amabini, izikhwama zedijithali, imida yokulinganisa). Ezi nkcukacha zenza wonke umahluko xa kusenzeka a ingxabano ekugqibeleni okanye ubuqhophololo.

Nceda uqaphele ukuba esi sikhokelo senzelwe iinjongo zolwazi kuphela. Ukuchaneka okusemthethweni, nceda uqhagamshelane nomthetho wangoku waseSpain kunye nemiyalelo yaseYurophu elawula i-e-commerce kunye nekontrakthi yomgama. iziqinisekiso kunye nomxholo wedijithaliUmthetho uhlaziywa, kwaye kungcono ukuhlala unolwazi.

Xa uwazi amalungelo akho, uthenga ngoloyiko oluncinci kunye nokuqonda ngakumbi. Ukuchonga umthengisi, ukufuna ulwazi olupheleleyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba intlawulo ikhuselekile, ukubeka iliso kumaxesha okuhanjiswa, ukusebenzisa ilungelo lakho lokurhoxa ekuthengeni xa kufanelekile, kunye nokuvula iwaranti ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle ngamanyathelo athi, xa kulungelelaniswa kakuhle, Ziyakukhusela kuxhatshazo kunye neempazamoKwaye ukuba ungquzulwano luyaqhubeka, ulamlo lwaseYurophu kunye neSpanish kunye neendlela zamabango zikho ukukunceda ufumane imali okanye imveliso obuyilindele.