Iiwebhusayithi ezithembekileyo zokukhuphela oomatshini basimahla (kunye nendlela yokungenisa kwiVirtualBox/VMware)

Ukuba uyakonwabela ukuseta iilebhu, ukuqinisekiswa kwesoftware, okanye ukucofa nje ukucofa kwiinkqubo ngaphandle kokuchukumisa eyona khompyuter yakho, i oomatshini basimahla benyani Bayintsikelelo. Endaweni yokuchitha isiqingatha seyure ukufaka kunye nokuhlaziya ukusuka ekuqaleni, unokukhuphela ii-VM esele zilungile, uzingenise kwi-VirtualBox okanye kwi-VMware, kwaye usebenze ngokubhabha.

Ngezantsi unemephu epheleleyo ye iiwebhusayithi ezithembekileyo Ukufumana imifanekiso yeWindows kunye neLinux, into nganye ebandakanya, okuhle kunye nokubi, iingcebiso zokungenisa, useto lokusebenza, zomthetho nokhuselekokunye nophononongo lweempawu eziluncedo zeVirtualBox. Umbono kukuba, kwinqaku elinye, uya kuba nayo yonke into oyifunayo ukukhuphela, ukungenisa, kunye nokuqhuba iiVM ngempumelelo. Sikuphathele zonke  Iiwebhusayithi ezithembekileyo zokukhuphela oomatshini basimahla benyani.

Apho unokufumana khona oomatshini abasemthethweni beWindows

UMicrosoft ukhupha oomatshini bovavanyo abasele belungele ukusetyenziswa I-Hyper-V (Gen2), i-Parallels, i-VirtualBox kunye ne-VMwareEzi zijoliswe kuphuhliso novavanyo. Ziyafikeleleka kwiphepha lomphuhlisi leVMs ngeMicrosoft Edge nakwi Eval Centre ye Windows 10/11 Ishishini, elineenkcukacha zokukhuphela kwi-developer.microsoft.com. Ezi VMs zihlala zibandakanya Ishishini leWindows 11 (uVavanyo)I-Visual Studio 2022 Community enemithwalo ye-UWP, .NET Desktop, i-Azure kunye ne-Windows App SDK, kunye ne-WSL2 enoBuntu, i-Windows Terminal kunye nemowudi yomphuhlisi inikwe amandla.

Kubalulekile: i ilayisenisi yovavanyo iyaphelelwa Oku kudla ngokuphelelwa kwiintsuku ezingama-90 emva kokupapashwa okanye ukuqaliswa kokuqala. Xa iphelelwa lixesha, idesktop iba mnyama, umyalezo "ongeyonyani" uvela, kwaye inkqubo inokuvala iyure nganye; ukuba yilayisensi yoVavanyo lweShishini, ayikuxhasi ukuvuselela nesitshixo sokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide.

Ngokweemfuno, iMicrosoft icebisa ubuncinci I-8 GB ye-RAM kunye ne-70 GB yediskiEminye imizobo ebalaseleyo iye yabonwa kwiVirtualBox (umzekelo, inkangeleko yeMenu yokuQalisa) ephantsi kophando ngoku; okwangoku Akukho hlelo lwe-ARM. Iyafumaneka. Ukuba i-VM ithi uvavanyo luphelile, ungazama isilungisi-ngxaki sokuvula kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, khuphela umfanekiso wamva nje ukuqala elinye ixesha lolingo.

I-Adguard: Coca ii-ISO zikaMicrosoft kunye nokufikelela kwiinguqulelo ezindala

Kwabo bakhetha ukwakha i-VM ukusuka ekuqaleni, i-Adguard inikeza a khangela ngeemveliso kunye nokuhlelwa ekuvumela ukuba ukhuphele ii-ISO ngokuthe ngqo kwiiseva zikaMicrosoft, ngaphandle kohlengahlengiso. Olona phawu lunamandla kukufumana indawo iinguqulelo ezithile kakhulu okanye iinguqulelo zembali zeWindows ekungaselulanga ukuzifumana kwiitshaneli eziqhelekileyo.

Eyona nto ingathandekiyo kukuba icandelo le-VM elakhe lakhiwa ngaphambili alisagcinwa, kwaye elokugqibela elifumanekayo lalijoliswe... 10 WindowsKuya kufuneka wenze i-VM kunye ne-ISO esemthethweni kwi-hypervisor oyithandayo, into ethatha imizuzu embalwa kodwa, ukuba uqhelene neVirtualBox/VMware, Akukho mfihlakalo inkulu kuyo..

Iindawo zokugcina ii-VM esele zenziwe (ingakumbi iLinux)

Ii-OSBoxes

I-OSBoxes ligqala eliqokelela iidiski zenyani ukusuka kwi Uluhlu olubanzi lweLinux distros kunye nezinye iinkqubo zakudala (BSD, FreeDOS). Inika imifanekiso yeVirtualBox (VDI) kunye neVMware (VMDK); ngezizathu zomthetho IiWindows azihanjiswaKodwa ikhathalogu ibanzi kwaye ihlala isexesheni.

Imifanekiso emininzi yabelana ngeziqinisekiso ezingagqibekanga: osboxes igama lomsebenzisi / osboxes.org igama lokugqitha kwiakhawunti eqhelekileyo nakwii-distros ezininzi ingcambu / osboxes.org njengomlawuli. Tshintsha igama lokugqitha emva kokuqaliswa kokuqala ukuphucula ukhuseleko, kwaye ujonge kwakhona Amanqaku okhuphelo ngalunye kuba ngamanye amaxesha iyahluka.

Ukufumana ireferensi, kwii-OSBoxes kulula ukufumana idesktop kunye nokuhlelwa kweseva yokuhanjiswa okunje Android x86, Antergos, antiX, Arch Linux, BackBox, Black Lab, Bodhi, BunsenLabs, Calculate Linux, CentOS, CrunchBang, Chromixium, Debian, Deepin, Devuan, Elementary OS, Fedora, Feren OS, FreeBSD, FreeDOS, Gentoo, Handyorali Linux Korde, Linux, Linux, Nefire Lite, Linux Mint, LMDE, Lubuntu, LXLE, Mageia, MakuluLinux, Manjaro, Nitrux, openSUSE, Parrot Security OS, PCLinuxOS, Pear Linux OS, Peppermint, Phoenix OS, Pinguy OS, PrimeOS, Q4OS, Qubes OS, Raspbian, Remix OS, Sabayon, Ubuntu, Scilusic, Scilusif, Linux GNOME, MATE, Server, Studio), Ultimate Edition, Xubuntu kunye neZorin OS.

Izinto eziluncedo: Ikhathalogu enkulu eyenzelwe ukukhuphela lula kunye nokungenisa elizweni. Izinto ezingeloncedo: akukho Windows Kwaye ezinye izintlu zinika iinkcukacha ezimbalwa kwangaphambili, ke kuya kufuneka ujonge eyona nguqulelo ngaphakathi kweVM emva kokuqalisa.

Iibhokisi zeVirtual

VirtualBoxes igxile kwimifanekiso ye VirtualBox (nangona ngamanye amaxesha zinokuguqulelwa iVMware). Amandla abo alele kwiLinux kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezifana neFreeBSD okanye iFreeDOS, enendawo yokugcina ialfabhethi kunye. amakhadi anokubanjwaKuluncedo ukwenza isigqibo ngaphandle kokukhuphela ngobumfama.

Kwicala elingaphantsi elihle, indawo yokugcina Asiyonto yakutshanje njengee-OSBoxes, kwaye inciphisa ngokusemthethweni ii-VMs kwi-VirtualBox, inciphisa ukuguquguquka ukuba iqonga lakho eliphambili yiVMware okanye enye i-hypervisor. Nangona kunjalo, inokusindisa ubomi xa ukhangela Iinguqulelo ezindala kuvavanyo.

SysProbs

I-SysProbs ibonelela nge-VDI ye-VirtualBox yokuhanjiswa kweLinux eyahlukeneyo kunye neyo IiWindows (11, 10, 8.1, 7, kunye neWindows Server 2012 R2/2016/2019)Imifanekiso isimahla kwaye ihlala ibandakanya ifayile ye-readme eneemfuno kunye neziqinisekiso zokukuvusa kwaye usebenze ngokukhawuleza.

Isilumkiso: Amanye amakhonkco kumxholo weMicrosoft anokuba iphelelwe lixesha okanye yophukileSoloko uqinisekisa imfezeko kunye nemvelaphi, ubeka phambili iindlela ezisemthethweni xa kunokwenzeka kwaye ujonge i-hashes ukuba ikhona.

Iprojekthi yolwimi lweSpanish ene-OVAs esele zenziwe: descargarmaquinasvirtuales.com

Ukuba ufuna i-Linux distros sele ifakiwe kwaye ingaphakathi ulwimi lweSpanishLe projekthi ibamba imifanekiso yefomathi ye-OVA elungele ukukhuphela kunye nokungenisa kwi-VirtualBox okanye i-VMware. Yonke into iyafika kuchazwe kwangaphambili ukuze ungachithi ixesha lokufaka okanye ukuhlaziya inkqubo ukusuka ekuqaleni.

Ikhathalogu ibandakanya, phakathi kwezinye, Antergos, Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Deepin, elementary OS, Fedora, Kali Linux, Linux Lite, Manjaro, Linux Mint, openSUSE, PCLinuxOS, ReactOS, Solus, Ubuntu, Ubuntu Budgie kunye neZorin OSIwebhusayithi yabo ibonisa uhlobo lohlelo (idesktop-eneedesktops ezifana ne-GNOME okanye i-XFCE-okanye iseva), inguqulelo ye-distro, kunye ubungakanani obuqikelelweyo ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina; ii-OVAs ziza zixinzelelwe kwi-ZIP ukugcina indawo kwaye zihlaziywa rhoqo.

Umbhali wabelana ngeencwadana ezineenkcukacha zokungenisa ii-OVAs VirtualBox nangaphakathi VMwareEmva kokungenisa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulungelelanise izixhobo ze-VM: ukwandisa ii-cores kunye nememori, khetha imo yenethiwekhi (abaninzi bakhetha puente ukuyidibanisa kwiLAN yakho) kwaye, ukuba usebenzisa iWindows njengonginginya, ngamanye amaxesha kuyacetyiswa ukuba ususe iadaptha eziphikisanayo. Iinkcazi ezisisiseko ziqhelekile umsebenzisi: "umsebenzisi" kunye nolawulo ingcambu enegama lokugqitha "toor" (Jonga iinkcukacha zomfanekiso ngamnye ukuze uqinisekise kwaye utshintshe emva kokuqala).

Izixhobo ezilungele ukusetyenziswa: TurnKey Linux kunye neBitnami

Ukuba ufuna usetyenziso kwaye lusebenza ngemizuzu, kukho iikhathalogu ezinezixhobo ezininzi eziqwalaselwe kwangaphambili kwiiVM. TurnKey Linux isasaza izisombululo ezihambelanayo VMware, VirtualBox, Xen kunye neParallels ngezitaki ezifana I-LAMP, iWordPress, iDrupal, eyeyakhoCloud/Nextcloud, iGitLab nangaphezulu, kubandakanywa useto lokhuseleko kunye nezixhobo zolawulo.

I-Bitnami, kwicandelo layo le-Stacks, inikezela ngoomatshini abaqhelekileyo kunye nezicelo ezidumileyo, ezilungele ukuqaliswa, ezenzelwe ukuphuhliswa nokuvavanya. Yindlela ekhawulezayo yokuqalisa. iinkonzo zomthombo ovulekileyo ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha lofakelo kunye nokuqina kokuqala.

Isikhokelo esikhawulezayo: ukungenisa ngaphandle i-OVA/VDI kwi-VirtualBox kunye neVMware

Ukungenisa ngaphandle i-VM eyakhiwe ngaphambili kulula kunokuba kubonakala; nge-OVA, iwizadi iyakukhokela kunqakrazo nje olumbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, amanyathelo ambalwa alungelelanisiweyo ayanceda. ziphephe iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo sele unyusele uphumezo lokuqala.

1. Khuphela umfanekiso ofanelekileyo wehypervisor yakho: Ova ukuba uza kungenisa njengesixhobo sombane, okanye VDI/VMDK ukuba ukhetha ukudibanisa idiski enenyani ngesandla.
2. Kwi-VirtualBox, yiya kwiFayile> Inkonzo yokungenisa ngaphandle kwaye ukhethe i-OVA. Jonga igama, i-RAM, i-CPU, ikhadi lenethiwekhi, kunye nomlawuli wokugcina. KwiVMware, sebenzisa iFayile > vula Kwi-OVA/OVF, okanye wenze iVM entsha kwaye ukhethe "sebenzisa idiski ekhoyo".
3. Phambi kokuqaliswa kokuqala, lungisa izixhobo: yabela 2 vCPUs Ukuba umphathi wakho uyakuvumela, kunye ne-2-4 GB ye-RAM ye-lightweight distros okanye i-6-8 GB ukuba kunjalo Windows 10/11.
4. Qwalasela inethiwekhi yakho ngokwelebhu yakho: NAT ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngaphandle kokubonisa iinkonzo, puente ukuba ufuna i-IP kwi-LAN yakho, okanye "inginginya-kuphela" yeemeko ezizimeleyo.
5. Qala kwaye ufake i Ukongezwa kweendwendwe (VirtualBox) okanye Izixhobo zeVMware ukwenza ividiyo ekhawulezileyo, ibhodi eqhotyoshwayo, tsala kwaye ulahle, kunye nokulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo isikrini.

Uhlengahlengiso lokusebenza kunye nobungakanani: yintoni ngokwenene eyenza umahluko

IMicrosoft VMs inokulinganisa phakathi 4,5GB kunye ne-20GB Bathatha indawo enkulu kakhulu emva kokukhuphela kunye noxinzelelo; kwi Linux, ubungakanani buqhele ukulawuleka ngakumbi. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, zifakelele kwi- SSD ukuphucula okubonakalayo kokuqalisa kunye nempendulo.

Musa ukwabela ngaphezu I-50% ye-RAM ukusuka kwikhompyuter yakho ukuya kwi-VM ukunqanda ukulayisha kakhulu umamkeli. Kwiidesktops zeLinux ezikhaphukhaphu, i-2-4 GB yanele; kuba Windows 10/11, 6-8 GB iyacetyiswa ukuba umamkeli wakho uyayixhasa. Ukuphucula ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya 2 vCPUs Kuphawuleka kakhulu ekutyibilikeni kweendwendwe.

Kwindawo yokugcina, idiski ebonakalayo yobungakanani Ndiqinisekile ukuba iqhuba ngcono noko. (nangona ithatha yonke indawo ukusuka ekuqaleni), ngelixa ugcino oluguquguqukayo lugcina indawo kwaye lukhula ngokusetyenziswa. Vavanya isoftware yakho kunye neemfuno zedatha; akulunganga ukuba ugqithise ukuba uza kube usenza izinto ezimbalwa. iimvavanyo zendawo.

Ukongeza kwiZongezo zeeNdwendwe okanye iZixhobo zeVMware, yenza iifolda ekwabelwana ngazo xa zifuneka kwaye uhlengahlengise i imo yesikrini kwimonitha yakho. Ukuba ividiyo ishiywe lixesha, khubaza iziphumo zedesktop yeendwendwe okanye unciphise ukukhawuleziswa kwe-3D, enokuthi ibe yi-choppy kwi-hardware eqhelekileyo.

Inethiwekhi kunye neelebhu: i-NAT, ibhulorho kunye ne-single-host

I-VirtualBox iyaxhasa I-NAT, ibhulorho, inethiwekhi yangaphakathi kunye ne-host-kuphela (ukongeza kwi-IPv6 ehambelanayo). I-NAT ikunika ukufikelela kwi-intanethi ngaphandle kokutyhila i-VM; ibhuloho idibanisa iVM kwiLAN yakho ngedilesi yayo yeIP; inginginya-kuphela ikuvumela ukuba wenze indawo yovavanyo ekwanti okanye a icandelo elilawulwayo kwimithambo ye-cybersecurity.

Ukuba uza kwenza i-pentesting practice nge-distros efana Kali LinuxCinga ukusebenzisa i-host-kuphela kwaye, xa kuyimfuneko, ukongeza i-NIC yesibini kwi-NAT okanye imo ebhuloho. Ukuba usebenzisa iWindows njengomamkeli, kunokufuneka uvale iiadaptha ezingasetyenziswanga ukunqanda [imiba engachazwanga]. Iingxabano zenethiwekhi.

Ukhuseleko kunye nokuba semthethweni: ingqiqo ngaphezu kwayo yonke into

Ukukhuphela ii-VMs kongela ixesha, kodwa kuthetha ukuthembela kuye nabani na owazakhayo. Kwiindawo ezisemthethweni okanye iindawo zokugcina ezihloniphekileyo, umngcipheko uphantsi; kwimithombo ethandabuzekayo, ungadibana neengxaki. imifanekiso eyenziweyo okanye i-malwareQinisekisa iihashes xa zipapashwa kwaye ugcine i-Defender okanye i-antivirus oyithandayo isebenza ngaphakathi kondwendwe.

Khumbula ukuba i-VM yodwa, kodwa isebenza njenge iifolda ekwabelwana ngazo, ibhodi eqhotyoshwayo, okanye inethwekhi ebhlorho Baqhagamshela kwikhompyuter yakho. Khubaza into ongayifuniyo, kwaye ukuba ukrokrela nantoni na, sebenzisa iindawo ezilahlayo ngaphandle kwedatha ebuthathaka. Ngokomthetho, iLinux ayibeki naziphi na izithintelo; yeWindows, sebenzisa imifanekiso yovavanyo esemthethweni okanye iilayisenisi zakho, kwaye unqande iiVM zomntu wesithathu “ozivulwe kwangaphambili”. Nge-macOS, i-EULA inciphisa ukuphunyezwa kwayo Apple hardwarenakwi-virtualization.

Uhlobo lwe-1 kunye noHlobo lwe-2 Hypervisors: Apho Nganye Ilingana

Hypervisors of uhlobo 1 (Intsimbi engenanto) amaqonga afana ne-Hyper-V okanye i-ESXi aqhuba ngokuthe ngqo kwi-hardware, ebonelela ngokusebenza okukhulu kunye nokuzihlukanisa. Ezo ze uhlobo 2 Usetyenziso olubanjwe njengeVirtualBox okanye iVMware Workstation isebenza ngaphezulu kwenkqubo yokusebenza, ibenza balungele iilebhu zelaptop okanye zedesktop ngegophe lokungena eliphantsi kakhulu.

Kwi-desktop, i-VirtualBox ibonelela ngento engenakoyiswa/yexabiso lomlinganiselo (isimahla), ngelixa i-VMware ikhanya ngaphakathi. ukugulisa kunye nokusebenzaI-Hyper-V iza idityaniswe kwiWindows kwaye ilungile ukuba usebenza ngaphakathi kweMicrosoft ecosystem okanye unomdla wokubonwa "okunzulu" ngaphandle kweendleko ezongezelelweyo.

I-VirtualBox ngamafutshane: iimpawu ezinokukugcina

I-VirtualBox igqame ngokuba simahla, iqonga elinqamlezileyo, kwaye libanzi ngokumangalisayo. Ivumela Ngenisa/thumela ngaphandle kwi-Oracle CloudI-Nested virtualization (umzekelo, i-KVM ngaphakathi kondwendwe), umphathi wefayile yeendwendwe, kunye namava ophuculo kunye nezongezo zeeNdwendwe.

Kwinethiwekhi, ixhasa I-NAT, ibhulorho, yangaphakathi kunye ne-host-kuphelaKwisitoreji, ungasebenzisa abalawuli SATA, NVMe, SCSI, IDE kunye neSASIyakwazi ukufihla iidiski kwaye inyuse umqalisi we-iSCSI ukufikelela kwiithagethi ezikude. Ikwabonelela nge3D yokukhawulezisa, tsala kwaye ulahleI-USB, ikhamera yewebhu enenyani, iaudio yeHD, iACPI epheleleyo, i-branched snapshotsihlanganiswe ngelixa igcina izichongi kunye neeAPIs zokuzenzekela kunye neenkonzo zewebhu.

Olunye ukhetho olujoliswe kwi-DevOps

Kukho izisombululo ezisekelwe kwi-VM ezenzelwe ukukhawulezisa imibhobho yophuhliso kunye nokusingqongileyo. Uya kufumana oomatshini ukuba Windows 11 / 10 ilungiselelwe inkqubo (SDK, izixhobo, imizekelo), itemplates ze Iseva yeWindows 2019/2022 ngeJava, .NET, PHP, Python kunye nogcino lwedatha olunje ngeSQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL okanye MySQL, kunye nemifanekiso ye Ubuntu/Ubuntu Server ilungele ukuqulunqa. Kukwakho iiVM ezine Iseva yeAzure DevOps iqwalaselwe ukuqalisa imibhobho kwimizuzu. Amanye amalinge (umzekelo, i-Open-DevLabs okanye ingqokelela ye-"DevOps Virtual Machines") idibanisa ezi zixhobo; soloko ujonga iilayisensi, ukukhuphela ubunyani, kunye iimfuno zekhompyutha phambi kokuba zisetyenziswe kwimveliso.

Phakathi kweendawo zokugcina ezisemthethweni zikaMicrosoft, isifumani se-ISO se-Adguard, iikhathalogu zeOSBoxes/VirtualBoxes/SysProbs, ii-OVAs zaseSpain ezisuka kwi-descargarmaquinasvirtuales.com, kunye nezixhobo zeTurnKey/Bitnami, uneWindows yangoku, iLinux yangoku, kunye izicelo ezisele zilungile Ukusasazwa. Ngokulungisa kakuhle i-RAM/CPU, ukukhetha imowudi yenethiwekhi eyiyo, kunye nokusebenzisa ukhuseleko olululo kunye neendlela zokunika ilayisenisi, unokuseta indawo eqinileyo ngemizuzu yokufunda, ukuvavanya nokusebenza kakuhle.