Indlela yokubhoboza Inethiwekhi ye-WiFi
Ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi ye-WiFi yinto esisiseko kubomi banamhlanje bedijithali Ngokukhula kwenani lezixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kuthungelwano kunye nesixa esikhulu solwazi lobuqu oluthunyelwa Ngayo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inethiwekhi yethu ye-WiFi ikhuselwe ngokuchasene nayo. ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga. Nangona kunjalo, nangona iinzame zokuphucula amanyathelo okhuseleko, kukho iindlela ezivumelayo ukubhoboza Inethiwekhi ye-WiFi kwaye ufumane ukufikelela kulwazi olujikeleza ngaphandle kwemvume yomnini.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iindlela ezahlukeneyo umhlaseli angenza ngazo ukubhoboza inethiwekhi ye-WiFi kunye nendlela esinokuzikhusela ngayo kolu hlaselo. Ukongeza, siya kubonelela ngeengcebiso ezisebenzayo ukomeleza ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yethu ye-WiFi kwaye siphephe ukuba ngamaxhoba olu hlaselo.
Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo ze ukubhoboza inethiwekhi ye-WiFi kungokusetyenziswa kwamagama agqithisiweyo abuthathaka okanye amiselweyo. Abantu abaninzi abathathi ixesha lokwenza igama lokugqitha lenethiwekhi yabo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula kubahlaseli ukufikelela. Kubalulekile ukukhetha igama eliyimfihlo elinamandla, elikhethekileyo elidibanisa oonobumba abakhulu nabancinci, amanani, kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba utshintshe igama eliyimfihlo rhoqo kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ungabelani ngalo nabani na ongamthembiyo.
Enye iteknoloji esetyenzisiweyo ukubhoboza inethiwekhi ye-WiFi Kukucatshulwa kweepakethi zedatha Abahlaseli banokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifumaneka kwi-intanethi ukuze babambe kwaye bahlalutye iipakethi zedatha ezithunyelwa ngenethiwekhi ye-WiFi. Oku kubavumela ukuba bafikelele kulwazi olubuthathaka, olufana namagama ayimfihlo okanye imiyalezo yabucala. Ukuzikhusela kwezi ntlobo zohlaselo, kufuneka usebenzise iiprothokholi zokhuseleko ezifana ne-WPA2 kwaye uqinisekise ukuba inethiwekhi ifihliwe.
Ukuqukumbela, ukhuseleko lwe inethiwekhi yethu WiFi ibaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi eliqhagamsheleneyo. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamagama ayimfihlo abuthathaka okanye ukuvalelwa kweepakethi zedatha, abahlaseli banokwaphula inethiwekhi yethu kwaye bafikelele kulwazi oluyimfihlo, nangona kunjalo, ngokulandela iindlela zokhuseleko ezilungileyo ezinjengokukhetha amagama ayimfihlo kunye nokusetyenziswa iiprotokholi zokhuseleko Ngokhuseleko olufanelekileyo, sinokukhusela inethiwekhi yethu ye-WiFi kwaye sigcine ulwazi lwethu lukhuselekile kufikelelo olungagunyaziswanga.
1. Intshayelelo kukhuseleko network WiFi
Ukhuseleko lwe Iinethiwekhi ze-WiFi kukuxhalaba okukhulayo kwi ubudala bedijithali esiphila kuyo. Ngokunyuka kwezixhobo eziqhagamshelweyo kunye nokuxhomekeka okwandileyo kwi-Intanethi, ukukhusela inethiwekhi yethu engenazingcingo kuye kwaba yimfuneko. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga imiba eyahlukeneyo enxulumene nokhuseleko uthungelwano WiFi kunye nokubonelela iingcebiso kunye nobuchule ukuthintela uthungelwano lwethu ekubeni "ihlatywe".
Elinye lamanyathelo okuqala esimele ukuwathatha ukukhusela inethiwekhi yethu ye-WiFi lungisa ngokufanelekileyo i-router. Oku kubandakanya ukutshintsha igama lomsebenzi womnatha(ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-SSID) kunye negama lokugqitha elimiselweyo elinikwe ngumboneleli. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uvule i-WPA2 encryption, eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo ekhoyo namhlanje. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba olu seto luchanekile, sinciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba umntu afikelele kwinethiwekhi yethu ngaphandle kogunyaziso.
Omnye umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokukhusela inethiwekhi yethu yeWiFi kuku hlaziya rhoqo i-router firmware. Abavelisi bakhulula uhlaziyo rhoqo ukulungisa ubuthathaka kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zabo. Ukugcina i-firmware ihlaziywa kuqinisekisa ukuba nabuphi na ubuthathaka obaziwayo bulungisiwe kwaye kusinika uxolo lwengqondo olukhulu kwizoyikiso zangaphandle. Mamaxesha amaninzi, olu hlaziyo lunokwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokusebenzisa ujongano lolawulo lwe-router, qiniseka ukwenza olu khetho!
2. Ukuchongwa kobuthathaka kuthungelwano lweWiFi
Esi sisihloko esibaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lwekhompyuter. Kule mihla, iinethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo ziye zaba zezona ndawo ziphambili zofikelelo kulwazi lwabasebenzisi kunye nemfihlo Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukwazi ubuchule kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokubona nokusombulula ubuthathaka obunokwenzeka kolu nxibelelwano.
Kukho ubuthathaka obahlukeneyo kwiinethiwekhi ze-WiFi ezinokuxhatshazwa ngabahlaseli abanobuchule bobuchule. Enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kukusetyenziswa kwamagama ayimfihlo abuthathaka okanye aqikelelwayo ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise amagama ayimfihlo aqinileyo, aquka indibanisela yoonobumba, amanani kunye nabalinganiswa abakhethekileyo, kwaye ihlaziywa rhoqo. Omnye umba omawuthathelwe ingqalelo luguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwenethiwekhi. Ukusebenzisa iprotocol ye-WPA2-PSK kunye nesitshixo esiqinileyo soguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo kubalulekile ukuthintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga.
Ubumbeko olungalunganga lweerotha Isenokuthi iveze uthungelwano lweWiFi kubuthathaka. Kubalulekile ukutshintsha amagama agqithisiweyo angagqibekanga kunye namagama abasebenzisi anikezelwe ngumenzi werotha kwaye uhlaziye rhoqo isixhobo firmware. ukufikelela kwizixhobo ezingaziwayo.
3. Ukusetyenziswa Inethiwekhi yeWiFi ukuskena kunye nokubeka iliso izixhobo
Obona buchule bufunwayo kwindawo yokhuseleko lwekhompyuter ukukwazi ukucofa uthungelwano lweWiFi. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa ukuskena kwenethiwekhi ye-WiFi kunye nezixhobo zokubeka iliso ukuchonga ubuthathaka kunye nokufikelela kubo. Kweli nqaku, uya kufunda malunga nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo ukuphumeza lo msebenzi.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuskena inethiwekhi yeWiFi kunye nezixhobo zokubeka iliso ezikuvumela ukuba ubone uthungelwano olukhoyo kwindawo yakho kwaye uhlalutye ukhuseleko lwazo. Ezinye zezona zidumileyo zezi:
- I-Aircrack-ng: Esi sixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukwenza uhlaselo olukhohlakeleyo kunye nokucima izitshixo kuthungelwano lwe-WiFi olukhuselweyo ngemigaqo engasasebenziyo.
- I-Kismet: Sisixhobo sokujonga inethiwekhi yeWiFi ekuvumela ukuba uchonge iinethiwekhi ezikufutshane kwaye ufumane ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nazo.
- I-Wireshark: Esi sixhobo sohlalutyo lwetrafikhi yenethiwekhi siluncedo kakhulu ekubambeni nasekuhlalutyeni iipakethi zedatha ezijikeleza kwinethiwekhi ye-WiFi.
Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokweenqobo ezisesikweni nasemthethweni. Kufuneka usoloko ufumana imvume yomnini wenethiwekhi phambi kokuba wenze naluphi na uhlobo lohlahlelo okanye uhlaselo Ukongeza, khumbula ukuba ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kwinethiwekhi ye-WiFi kohlwaywa ngumthetho kumazwe amaninzi.
4. Uhlaselo lwamandla e-Brute kunye nohlaselo lwesichazi-magama
Uhlaselo lwamandla olubi Babandakanya ukuzama zonke iindibaniselwano zephasiwedi ezinokwenzeka ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi yeWiFi, ude ufumane echanekileyo. Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngabaduni ukufumana ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kuthungelwano olukhuselweyo. Ukwenza uhlaselo olungenalusini kwinethiwekhi I-WiFi, iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziswa ezenza ngokuzenzekelayo iipassword kwaye zivavanye nganye nganye. Le nkqubo Inokuthatha ixesha elide kwaye ifuna isixa esikhulu sezixhobo zekhompyutha.
Uhlaselo lwesichazi-magama Ziyafana kakhulu nohlaselo lwamandla akhohlakeleyo, kodwa endaweni yokuzama zonke iindibaniselwano ezinokwenzeka, amagama aqhelekileyo okanye amagama ayimfihlo asetyenziswayo. Abahlaseli basebenzisa uluhlu lwamagama aqhelekileyo okanye izichazi-magama eziyimfihlo ukwenza ezi ntlobo zohlaselo olu luhlu luqulethe amagama asetyenziswa rhoqo, amagama aqhelekileyo, ukudibanisa amanani kunye noonobumba abalula, phakathi kwabanye. Ukuba i-password yenethiwekhi ye-WiFi ibuthathaka okanye ifunyenwe kolu luhlu, kunokwenzeka ukuba inokufumaneka ngendlela engagunyaziswanga.
Ngoku ukuba uyazi imiqondo ye ukuhlaselwa ngamandla kwaye uhlaselo lwesichazi-magama, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe amanyathelo ukukhusela inethiwekhi yakho WiFi. Apha sikubonisa ezinye iingcebiso:
-Shintsha igama lokugqitha lenethiwekhi yakho yeWiFi rhoqo kwaye usebenzise amagama ayimfihlo anamandla aqulathe indibaniselwano yoonobumba abaphezulu nabancinci, amanani kunye nabalinganiswa abakhethekileyo. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa amagama aqhelekileyo okanye iinkcukacha zobuqu eziphawuleka ngokulula.
-Sebenzisa ukubethelwa kwe-WPA2 kwi-router yakho ukukhusela unxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo kunye nenethiwekhi ye-WiFi.
-Musa ukwabelana ngephasiwedi yakho yenethiwekhi yeWiFi nabantu abangagunyaziswanga kwaye uphephe ukunxibelelana nenethiwekhi yeWiFi yoluntu engakhuselekanga. Qinisekisa ukuba uthungelwano loluntu lusemthethweni phambi kokuba uqhagamshelwe kubo.
Khumbula, ukukhusela inethiwekhi yakho yeWiFi kubalulekile ukunqanda amandla akhohlakeleyo kunye nohlaselo lwesichazimagama. Le milinganiseloeyongezelelweyoizakunceda ukugcina inethiwekhi yakho ikhuselekile kwaye ikhusele iinkcukacha zakho zobuqu.
5. Ukusetyenziswa kobuthathaka kwiprotocol yeWEP
Iprotocol yeWEP (iWired Equivalent Privacy) isetyenziselwa ukukhusela uthungelwano lweWiFi, kodwa eneneni isengozini kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zohlaselo. Ezinye zeendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukuxhaphaza obu buthathaka ziya kukhankanywa ngezantsi.
Olunye lolona hlaselo luphambili lusetyenziswa luhlaselo lwe-brute force. Oku kubandakanya ukuzama konke okunokwenzeka indibaniselwano yesitshixo ukufumana echanekileyo. Nangona le ndlela inokusebenza icotha kakhulu kwaye sebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba olu hlobo lohlaselo lunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba umsebenzisi usebenzisa isitshixo esifutshane kunye nobuthathaka.
Enye indlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yaziwa ngokuba yi "packet injection attack". Olu hlaselo lusekelwe ekuthumeleni inani elikhulu leepakethi kwindawo yokufikelela, ngenjongo yokufumana ubuthathaka obuvumela ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi. Nje ukuba obu buthathaka bufunyenwe, umhlaseli unokufumana ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi kwaye abambe zonke iitrafikhi ezithunyelwayo nezifunyenweyo. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba olu hlobo lohlaselo lunokubonwa kwaye luncitshiswe ngokusetyenziswa kwee-firewall kunye neenkqubo zokubona ukungena.
6. Uqhakraza njani i-WPA/WPA2 Amagama okugqithisa usebenzisa uHlaselo lwesichazi-magama
Kule post, siza kubona. Olu hlaselo lusekwe kumbono wokuzama ukudityaniswa kwegama lokugqitha ezahlukeneyo de ufumane echanekileyo. Uhlaselo lwesichazi-magama lusebenza ngakumbi kwiinethiwekhi zeWiFi apho abasebenzisi bathanda ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo abuthathaka okanye aqikelelweyo.
Inyathelo lokuqala ekuqhekezeni igama lokugqitha WPA/WPA2 kukuqokelela ulwazi malunga network target. Oku kubandakanya igama lenethiwekhi (SSID) kunye nedilesi ye-MAC yendawo yokufikelela Ngalo lwazi, sinokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-Aircrack-ng ukubamba iipakethi ezithunyelwe ngenethiwekhi.
Nje ukuba sizibambe iipakethi, sinokuqalisa uhlaselo lwesichazi-magama Ukwenza oku, sifuna uluhlu lwamagama okanye indibaniselwano yamagama aya kuvavanywa njengegama lokugqitha. Olu luhlu lunokwenziwa sithi okanye sinokusebenzisa uluhlu esele lukhona kwi-intanethi. Izixhobo ezifana I-Aircrack-ng—zisivumela ukuba sisebenzise olu luhlu kwaye sivavanye indibaniselwano nganye ngokuchasene neepakethi ezithathiweyo. Ukuba nawaphi na amagama agqithisiweyo ahambelana, siya kuba sikhuphe isitshixo senethiwekhi yeWiFi.
7. Ukhuseleko kunye nokuthintela uhlaselo kwinethiwekhi WiFi
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwixesha ledijithali esiphila kulo. Yonke imihla, amawaka abantu basebenzisa iinethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo ukwenza imisebenzi yobuqu kunye neyobuchule, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lolwazi. Kule posi, siya kukufundisa indlela yokukhusela inethiwekhi yakho ye-WiFi kwaye uyithintele ekubeni ithotywe ngabantu besithathu.
Elinye lamanyathelo okuqala ukuya khusela inethiwekhi yakho yeWiFi kukutshintsha igama lomsebenzisi elimiselweyo kunye negama lokugqitha. Izixhobo zihlala ziza kunye neziqinisekiso ezichazwe kwangaphambili, okwenza kube lula kubahlaseli ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi yakho. Ukusebenzisa igama eliyimfihlo elikhethekileyo nelikhuselekileyo, elidibanisa oonobumba abakhulu nabancinci, amanani kunye noonobumba abakhethekileyo, kubalulekile ukunqanda ukungena. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba utshintshe igama eliyimfihlo ngamaxesha athile ukuphucula ukhuseleko.
Omnye umlinganiselo obalulekileyo vumela ukubethela kwinethiwekhi yakho ye-WiFi. Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo luqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi oludluliselwe phakathi kwesixhobo sakho kunye nerutha lukhuselwe kwaye alufundeki nakubani na ongaphandle kwenethiwekhi Owona mgangatho uqhelekileyo wokufihlwa kothungelwano lweWiFi yiWPA2, ebonelela ngokhuseleko olomeleleyo. Qinisekisa ukuba umzila wakho uqwalaselwe ukusebenzisa olu hlobo lofihlo kwaye ukhubaze naziphi na iindlela ezingakhuselekanga kangako. Ngokunjalo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinileyo kuqhagamshelo lweWiFi kwaye uwatshintshe ngamaxesha athile.
8. Gcina uthungelwano lwe-WiFi olukhuselekileyo: iingcebiso kunye nezenzo ezingcono
Ukugcina inethiwekhi ye-WiFi ekhuselekileyo, kubalulekile ukulandela uthotho lweengcebiso kunye nokusebenzisa ezona ndlela zilungileyo ezikhoyo. Ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yakho engenazingcingo lubalulekile ekukhuseleni ulwazi lomntu kunye nezixhobo eziqhagamshelweyo. Apha sibonisa imilinganiselo onokuthi uyithathe:
1. Guqula i-password yakho yenethiwekhi ye-WiFi rhoqo. Sebenzisa igama lokugqithisa elomeleleyo nelahlukileyo, ukudibanisa oonobumba abakhulu nabancinci, amanani kunye noonobumba abakhethekileyo. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqikelelwayo, njengemihla yokuzalwa okanye amagama osapho. Ngokutshintsha igama eliyimfihlo ngamaxesha athile, uyakunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umntu akwazi ukufikelela inethiwekhi yakho.
2. Hlaziya i-firmware ye-router yakho rhoqo. Abathengisi be-router bahlala bekhulula uhlaziyo lwe-firmware ukujongana neziphene zokhuseleko kunye nobuthathaka Gcina i-router yakho ihlaziywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba unenguqulo ye-firmware yamva nje efakiweyo Khusela inethiwekhi yakho ye-WiFi lohlaselo olunokwenzeka.
NdinguSebastián Vidal, injineli yekhompyuter ethanda itekhnoloji kunye ne-DIY. Ngaphaya koko, ndingumdali we tecnobits.com, apho ndabelana ngee-tutorials ukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kwaye iqondeke kumntu wonke.