Uwabelana njani ngokukhuselekileyo amagama ayimfihlo nosapho lwakho ngaphandle kokuthumela iifayile

¿Indlela yokwabelana ngokukhuselekileyo iiphasiwedi kunye nosapho lwakho ngaphandle kokuthumela iifayile? Ukwabelana ngephasiwedi kunye nosapho lwakho kunokubonakala ngathi yinto emsulwa yokwenza: ukunika imvume yokungena kwi-Wi-Fi, iqonga lokusasaza, okanye ifolda yelifu. Nangona kunjalo, indlela oyenza ngayo inokwenza umahluko phakathi kokugcina ubumfihlo okanye ukuvulela abangeneleli ucango. Ukuba ukhe wathumela igama eliyimfihlo ngeWhatsApp okanye nge-imeyile “kuba ibiyeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo,” esi sihloko sesakho.

Kwesi sikhokelo esisebenzayo siqokelela Yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi ukwabelana ngeephasiwedi ngokukhuselekileyo Ngaphandle kokuncamathisela iifayile: imingcipheko yokwenyani (kunye nomthetho), ukulungiswa okusisiseko, iindlela ezilungileyo (abaphathi begama lokugqitha, imiyalezo efihliweyo, izixhumanisi eziphelelwa lixesha, i-AirDrop, iikhowudi ze-QR ze-Wi-Fi), oko AKUFANELE ukwenze, kunye neengcebiso zeentsapho kunye namaqela. Umbono kukwabelana ngobuncinci obuncinci, ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo.

Ngaba ukwabelana ngephasiwedi kusemthethweni? Imingcipheko yokwenyani kunye nesakhelo solawulo

Nangona kubonakala kumangalisa, Ukwabelana ngeziqinisekiso kuhlala "kwindawo engwevu" esemthethweni Kuxhomekeke kwinkonzo kunye nemimiselo yayo. Iziza ezininzi azinyanzeli izithintelo ukuba zenziwe ngaphakathi kwemigaqo-nkqubo yazo, kodwa kukho imizekelo edumileyo (efana nokuqiniswa kweNetflix kwimiqathango yokusetyenziswa) apho ukwabelana ngaphandle kwemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kuye kwathathwa njengokuphulwa kwamalungelo.

EUnited States kuyacatshulwa Ubuqhophololo beKhompyutha kunye noMthetho wokuxhatshazwa (CFAA, 1986) kwiimeko zofikelelo olungagunyaziswanga. Kwabakho isigwebo ngo-2016 esasigxininisa ukungabikho semthethweni kokwabelana ngeephasiwedi nabantu abangagunyaziswanga. Kungakhathaliseki ilizwe, yintoni ebalulekileyo ukuqonda ukuba ukuba inkonzo ayikuvumeli ukwabelana kwaye umntu ufumana ufikelelo olungagunyaziswanga, unokuba sengxakini.

Kwimeko yeshishini, umngcipheko uyaphindaphindeka: Asiyo-akhawunti kuphela esemngciphekweni, kodwa kunye nedatha ebuthathaka, ipropathi yobukrelekrele, kunye nodumo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izisombululo ezikuvumela ukuba unciphise ufikelelo, urekhode iindlela zophicotho, kwaye urhoxise amagama ayimfihlo ngemizuzwana xa umntu engasabadingi.

Abaphathi abanje ngeLastPass, 1Password, Bitwarden, Dashlane, Umgcini okanye iRoboForm, kunye neendlela ezidityanisiweyo njengomphathi kaGoogle, vumela ukwabelana ngaphandle kokutyhila igama lokugqithisa, ukukhawulela ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwentlangano kunye nokuyeka ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza njengoko kuyimfuneko. Oku kulandeleka kwenza umahluko ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle.

Ngaphambi kokwabelana: ubuncinci bamalungiselelo ayimfuneko

Phambi kokuba ufake igama eliyimfihlo, kufanelekile ukuba uchithe umzuzu ukuya ukunciphisa indawo yokuhlaselwaAyinabudenge, kodwa yenza ubomi bube nzima kuye nabani na othintela ulwazi.

• Uyenza njani amagama ayimfihlo anamandla?Igama lokugqitha elahlukileyo kwinkonzo nganye. Thintela ukurisayikilisha. Ukuba enye ivuzisiwe, ayisayi kuphinda ivuleke iingcango.
• Guqula iipassword zakho ngamaxesha athile, ngakumbi kwiiakhawunti ekwabelwana ngazo okanye ezibalulekileyo.
• Si uyaluqhawula ulwalamano okanye uphikise, hlaziya igama lokugqithisa ngoko nangoko.
• Musa ukuvumela amagama ayimfihlo ngokubonakalayo kumanqaku, imifanekiso-skrini okanye amaxwebhu angakhuselekanga.
• Vuselela uqinisekiso lwamanyathelo amabini (2FA) nanini na kunokwenzeka: yongeza umqobo owongezelelweyo.

Abaphathi bangoku baquka izilumkiso ukuba izitshixo zakho zivela kwiindawo ezivuzayo esidlangalaleni; ngale ndlela uya kulazi ixesha lokujikeleza. Bakwanikezela ngamanqaku akhuselekileyo olwazi olubuthathaka (kungekhona nje amagama ayimfihlo) kwaye unokuvelisa amagama ayimfihlo anamandla ukuze ungasebenzisi "1234."

Kwaye isikhokelo esibalulekileyo ukuba uzakwabelana ngegama eliyimfihlo: cinga ngomhla wokuphelelwaNanini na kunokwenzeka, yabelana ngayo okwethutyana kunye nemida yokubukela; ukuba umntu ugqithise ikhonkco, ayisayi kuba luncedo ngexesha elifutshane.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo: abaphathi bephasiwedi kunye neendawo zosapho

Inketho ethembekileyo kakhulu namhlanje sebenzisa umphathi wegama lokugqithaEzi zixhobo zifihla ivault yakho kwaye zikuvumela ukuba wabelane ngokungena ngaphandle kokuveza igama eligqithisiweyo kumbhalo ongenanto. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umamkeli unokungena ngaphandle kokubona isitshixo esicacileyo, kwaye unokurhoxisa ukufikelela nangaliphi na ixesha.

Izisombululo Popular ezifana 1Password, LastPass, Dashlane, Umgcini, Bitwarden okanye RoboForm Banikezela nge "vaults" okanye ingqokelela ekwabelwana ngayo kwiintsapho kunye namaqela. Uyakwazi ukubona ukuba ngubani onokufikelela, xa bafikelele kuyo, kwaye zeziphi izinto ekwabelwana ngazo. Ukuba kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho, Ukulandeleka kunceda ukufumana imvelaphiEzi zihlala zihlawulwe iimpawu, kodwa ixabiso kukhuseleko kunye nolawulo licacile.

Ezinye izinto eziluncedo: zero-knowledge (kuphela ongayicimayo), uphicotho-zincwadi, ukuveliswa kwegama eligqithisiweyo elinamandla, izilumkiso zokwaphulwa, imigaqo-nkqubo yokuthintela ukwabelana ngaphandle kombutho, kunye neenketho ezifana Ukwabelana ngexesha elinye ukusuka kuMgcini wokusetyenziswa okukodwa amakhonkco.

Ukuba ukhetha into edibeneyo, i Umphathi wephasiwedi kaGoogle ikuvumela ukuba wabelane nosapho lwakho ngoGoogle One. Yindlela esebenzayo ukuba sele usebenzisa iChrome kunye ne-Android/iOS ngeeakhawunti zikaGoogle.

Ukwabelana njani noMphathi wePassword kaGoogle (i-Android kunye ne-iOS)

1. Vula chrome kwaye ucofe imenyu (amachaphaza amathathu) ecaleni kweprofayile yakho.
2. Ngena ngaphakathi Cwangcisa kwaye emva koko Umphathi wegama eligqithisiweyo.
3. Fumana indawo okanye inkonzo ofuna ukwabelana ngayo (sebenzisa uphendlo ukuba kuyimfuneko).
4. Pulsa Yabelana kwaye ukhethe amalungu akho Usapho lukaGoogle One.
5. Ukuba umntu akanayo iChrome, banako Skena ikhowudi yeQR ukufaka i-app.

Ngale ndlela amalungu atyunjiweyo anokufikelela ngaphandle kokuba isitshixo sivezwe kwiincoko okanye ii-imeyile, kwaye unokurhoxisa iimvume ngoko nangoko. Khumbula ukuba abanye abaphathi boluhlu banamandla kakhulu kwaye bahlala bekhetha usapho oluninzi.

Imiyalezo entsonkothileyo kunye nemiyalezo yethutyana: ukusetyenziswa nini kwaye ungasetyenziswa nini

Ukuba awuzukufudukela kumphathi okwangoku, eyona ndlela ilandelayo ingcono yile sebenzisa umyalezo ofihliweyo osuka ekupheleni ukuya esiphelweni kwaye, ukuba kuyenzeka, imiyalezo yethutyana. Iiplatforms ezifana Uphawu o iKhusi Banikezela ngenqanaba eliphezulu lobumfihlo; ungasebenzisa kwakhona yocingo en incoko eziyimfihlo kunye ne-WhatsApp enemiyalezo enyamalalayo.

Uyenza njani ngobulumko: ngo WhatsApp, vula incoko, cofa igama lomfowunelwa, ngenisa Imiyalezo yethutyana kwaye ukhethe elona xesha lifutshane (umzekelo, iiyure ezingama-24). Kwi yocingo, iqala a incoko eyimfihlo kwaye uvule i ukuzibulala ngelona xesha lifutshane likuvumela ukuba ulungelelanise.

Olu maleko luyanceda, kodwa kufuneka ube nenyani: imiyalezo inokubanjwa ngesinye isixhobo okanye ukuba ifowuni isengozini. Ayikhuthazwa kwiiphasiwedi ezinefuthe eliphezulu okanye njengento eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile, amagama ayimfihlo aphelelweyo ane-2FA evuliwe anokwanela.

Ukhuselekile i-imeyile? Kukho ababoneleli abafana Mailfence o Imeyile yakho ekuvumela ukuba uthumele i-imeyile ezifihliweyo ekupheleni ukuya-ekupheleni. NgeMailfence ungakhetha i-symmetric okanye i-asymmetric encryption Nokuba umamkeli akasebenzisi iqonga elifanayo. I-Tuta ifihla iibhokisi zeposi kunye nemiyalezo, kwaye indlela yayo yabucala ingqongqo.

Ukwabelana kufutshane, kwi-iPhone ungakhetha AirDrop: Yenza isitishi esifihliweyo ngokuthe ngqo ngeBluetooth kwaye inqanda isitshixo ekuhambeni kwi-Intanethi. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu ekugqithiseleni igama lokugqitha eligcinwe kwiiSetingi, nangona bobabini abantu kufuneka basebenzise i-iPhone. Kwiinethiwekhi zasekhaya, kwi-Android unako yenza ikhowudi ye-QR ye-Wi-Fi ukusuka kwizicwangciso kwaye omnye umntu ayiskene: ngolu hlobo abazukubona isitshixo kumbhalo ocacileyo.

Iindlela ezizezinye zexesha elifutshane: amakhonkco ephemeral kunye nePassword Pusher

Umthombo osebenzayo kakhulu xa kungekho mphathi ekwabelwana ngawo sebenzisa amakhonkco exeshana eziphelelwa ngokusekwe kwixesha kunye/okanye kwinani leembono. Izixhobo ezifana nePassword Pusher (pwpush.com) zikuvumela ukuba uthumele igama lokugqitha ngaphandle kokuba lihlale ngokusisigxina kwi-imeyile okanye kwincoko.

Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo: ungenisa igama eligqithisiweyo (okanye uvelise ngokungakhethiyo) kwaye uqwalasele imida yosuku kunye umbono. Ufumana i-URL ezitshabalalisayo ngokusekelwe kuloo migaqo. Ingcebiso ebalulekileyo kukwenza ukhetho loku "Cofa-1 inyathelo lokubuyisela" ukunqanda i-imeyile/yentsebenziswano yokhuseleko lokucoca iimbono ezityiwayo xa uskena ikhonkco.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo: Yabelana nge-URL kwisitishi esinye kwaye, kwisitishi esahlukileyo (okanye ngelinye ixesha), cacisa indawo yokufaka igama lokugqithisaUkuba umntu unqanda enye yezi ziqwenga zimbini, abayi kuba nayo iphazili epheleleyo. Kwaye kuphephe ukubandakanya imikhondo kwisicatshulwa osipapashayo kwinkonzo.

Phofu ke, iPassword Pusher umthombo ovulekileyo kwaye ufihla amagama ayimfihlo phambi kokuba uwagcine; nje ukuba ziphelelwe lixesha, iyazicima ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ngamaxesha athile kwaye ngokukhethwayo ngokubambisana ne-2FA.

UNGAWUKWENZA: Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ezivula iingcango

Kukho izenzo ezixhaphake kakhulu kwaye kufuneka zigxothwe. Thumela amagama ayimfihlo nge-imeyile ngombhalo ongenanto Le yenye yazo: bahlala behamba ngaphandle koguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo ukuya esiphelweni, baphele kwifolda ethunyelweyo, kwiikopi zogcino, kwaye badlule kwiiseva ezininzi. Ukuba umntu ufikelela kwi-imeyile yakho, bafikelela kuyo yonke into.

El I-SMS ayikhuselekanga nayo: Ukongeza kwi-encryption ephantsi, kukho umngcipheko we Ukutshintsha kweSIM (ukutshintsha iSIM). Ukuba umhlaseli uqweqwedisa inombolo yakho, banokujonga imiyalezo yakho kwaye bazenze wena ukuze ucele iinkcukacha kubafowunelwa bakho.

Kuphephe kananjalo ukugcina amagama ayimfihlo amaxwebhu e-intanethi okanye ii-apps zenqaku Okungakhuselwanga (Amaxwebhu, ILizwi kwi-intanethi, amanqaku). Uninzi ayenzelwanga iziqinisekiso, ayinayo i-2FA eyomeleleyo okanye uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, kwaye nabani na onokufikelela kwisixhobo unokukopa uxwebhu.

Lumka ne Iiapps zokuthumela imiyalezo emsebenzini (Slack, Amaqela) ashiywe evuliwe kwiikhompyuter ekwabelwana ngazo okanye zikawonke wonke. Ngo-2021, abahlaseli bakwazile ukungena kwiMidlalo ye-EA emva kokufumana iikuki ezibiweyo, ukuqhekeza kwisitishi se-Slack, kunye nokufumana ithokheni ye-MFA kwinkxaso. Iitshaneli zeNcoko azikho iindawo ezikhuselekileyo.

Imbali igcwele izilumkiso: ngo-2014 i uhlaselo Sony Imifanekiso uludwe oluveziweyo lwamagama agqithisiweyo agcinwe kwisicatshulwa esicacileyo kunye neziqinisekiso ekwabelwana ngazo nge-imeyile. Kwaye ikhumbula ukuphulwa okukhulu kwe Yahoo o lwebhokisi; ukuba uphinde wasebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo, isehlo esinye singakhokelela kunikezelo oluninzi. Ukugcwalisa iziqinisekiso kwezinye iiakhawunti.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo zeentsapho kunye namaqela: ngaphantsi kuninzi

Xa ukwabelana kungenakuthintelwa, zama ukwenza ukuba elinye iqela lifumane kuphela izinto ezibalulekileyoMusa ukunika imikhondo engeyomfuneko (igama lenkonzo, idilesi ye-imeyile, kunye negama lokugqitha kumyalezo ofanayo) kwaye unciphise ubude bexesha elisetyenziswayo igama lakho lokugqitha.

Ubuchule obuluncedo bu yahlula ulwazi kwiitshaneli ezininziUmzekelo: ukunxibelelana nenkonzo enxulumeneyo kwelinye icala, umsebenzisi kwelinye, kunye nesitshixo okanye ikhonkco leephemeral kwelesithathu. Ukuba umntu uthintele isiqwenga esinye, akasayi kuba nayo yonke loo nto.

Ungalibali malunga ulawulo- Gcina uluhlu lokuba ngubani onokufikelela kwintoni, ukuphonononga ukufikelela ngamaxesha athile, kwaye urhoxise xa iimeko zitshintsha (umzekelo, umntu ushiya iqela / umsebenzi). Abaphathi baluncedo kakhulu ngophicotho kunye neemvume zegranular.

Kwaye, siyaphinda, siyasebenza 2FA kuyo yonke indawoNangona umntu ebona igama eligqithisiweyo, ukuqinisekiswa kwesibini (i-app, isitshixo, ikhowudi) kuya kuthintela ukufikelela. Gcwalisa oku ngokujikeleza rhoqo kunye nokudala amagama ayimfihlo amade, awodwa.

Ukwabelana ngeephasiwedi kunye nosapho okanye oogxa bakho kunokwenziwa ngokuziphendulela xa udibanisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo (umphathi, umyalezo ofihliweyo, amakhonkco ephemeral), ingqiqo (i-exposure encinci, imihla yokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ukuhlukana kweshaneli), kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela (i-2FA, ii-passwords ezizodwa, ukuphicothwa, kunye nokuchithwa ngokukhawuleza). Ngale ndlela, unciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko ngaphandle kokuthumela iifayile okanye ukwenza nzima ubomi bakho. Ngoku uyazi Uwabelana njani ngokukhuselekileyo amagama ayimfihlo nosapho lwakho ngaphandle kokuthumela iifayile.