- Beka phambili ukubekwa wedwa, isikena esifunwayo sokubulala iintsholongwane, kunye nokulungiswa kwe-SFC/DISM.
- Sebenzisa iinketho zokubuyisela: Ukulungiswa kokuQalisa, ukuBuyiselwa kweSistim, kunye nokuSeta kwakhona iNkqubo.
- Gcina iiWindows kunye nabaqhubi zihlaziyiwe, kunye ne-antivirus ethembekileyo kunye nemikhwa yokufaka ekhuselekileyo.
- Ukuba ukungazinzi kuqhubeka okanye i-rootkits ikhona, ukufakela okucocekileyo kuyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo.
Xa intsholongwane eyingozi ibetha iWindows PC yakho, isilingo kukucofa onke amaqhosha kanye. Kungcono ukuphefumla ngokunzulu kwaye ulandele ulandelelwano olunengqiqo. Ngesicwangciso esicacileyo unokwahlula isoyikiso, ubulale iintsholongwane, ulungise inkqubo, kwaye ubuyisele uzinzo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa data ngaphezu kuyimfuneko.
Kwesi sikhokelo sisebenzayo sihlanganisa iinkqubo ezizanyiweyo nezivavanyiweyo kunye nezixhobo ze-Windows ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, kunye nezixhobo ezihloniphekileyo zomntu wesithathu. Uya kufunda ukuchonga iimpawu zosulelo oluqatha, qalisa kwiMowudi eKhuselekileyo, sebenzisa i-SFC kunye ne-DISM (nokuba ungaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi), lungisa iingxaki ze-boot, kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokuba uphinda ubuyisele nini.Yonke into ngolwimi oluthe ngqo, ukuze ungabhideki ngexesha elibi kakhulu. Masiqalise.Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokulungisa iiWindows emva kwentsholongwane eyingozi: amanyathelo okubuyisela iPC yakho.
Iimpawu ezicacileyo zosulelo kunye nomonakalo kwiWindows
Ngaphambi kokuba uchukumise nantoni na, luluvo olulungileyo ukwazi ukuba uchasene nantoni na. Iimpawu ze-malware ezinobundlobongela okanye ukonakala kwefayile yenkqubo kubandakanya Izilumkiso ezikrokrisayo ezingaveliyo kwi-antivirus yakho yokwenyani, ii-pop-ups ezikumema ukuba uhlawule "ulungiso lwemimangaliso," kunye notshintsho ongaluvumiyo.
Jonga ukuba isikhangeli siziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga: ukuqondisa ngokutsha okuzenzekelayo, iphepha lasekhaya elivaliweyo, okanye iibar zokukhangela ezingafunwayoEzinye iimpawu zosulelo ziquka i-blocked .exe kunye neefayile ze-.msi, iimenyu zokuQala ezingenanto, okanye imvelaphi yedesktop "engaphenduliyo."
Enye iklasikhi: I-antivirus icon iyanyamalala okanye iyasilela ukuqalisaUngeniso olungaqhelekanga lunokuvela kuMphathi weSixhobo; xa izixhobo ezifihliweyo ziboniswa, abaqhubi abakhohlakeleyo abalayishwe kwimo yekernel ngamanye amaxesha bayavela.
Ayiyiyo yonke into eyi-malware: kukho "oomatshini" oonobangela njengokucinywa kombane ngexesha lohlaziyo, abaqhubi abangahambelaniyo, amacandelo amabi kwidiski, okanye ibloatware ezilayisha kakhulu inkqubo kwaye zaphule iifayile ezibalulekileyo, ezibangela izikrini eziluhlaza okanye ukusilela kwesiqalo.
Yahlula isixhobo, iMowudi eKhuselekileyo, kunye noDiagnostic oluKhawulezayo
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukuqhawula unxibelelwano. Nqamula iPC yakho kwi-intanethi (intambo kunye neWi-Fi) kwaye uphephe ukuqhagamshela izixhobo ze-USB. de imeko izinzile. Okuncinci uthetha nabangaphandle, usezantsi umngcipheko wokukhutshwa kwedatha.
Iqala ngo Uhlobo olukhuselekile ukuze iWindows ilayishe ubuncinci kwaye ukwazi ukusebenza. Ukuba ufuna ukukhuphela izixhobo ezithembekileyo, sebenzisa Imo ekhuselekileyo enenethiwekhi kwaye ngcono ngentambo. Le "capped" imeko-bume ithoba i-arhente ezininzi ezitofelweyo ekuqaleni kwaye ikunika isithuba sokuhlalutya.
Xa iifayile ze.exe zisilela ukuvula ngenxa yokuba usulelo lophule unxulumano lwabo, kukho iqhinga eliluncedo: Yithiye ngokutsha i-installer okanye isixhobo sokucoca ukusuka kwi-.exe ukuya kwi-.com kwaye uyiqhube. Kwiimeko ezininzi, idlula iqokobhe lokutshixa kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uqhubeke.
Ukulungiswa kakuhle, thembela kwi-Sysinternals: Inkqubo yoMhloli wokuhlola iinkqubo ezisayiniweyo kunye neeDLLkunye neeAutoruns ukujonga ukuqaliswa okuzenzekelayo (Ukuqhuba, iinkonzo, imisebenzi, abaqhubi, izandiso). Baleka njengomlawuli, cima ngononophelo nantoni na ekrokrisayo, kunye notshintsho lwamaxwebhu. Hlalutya inkqubo yokuqalisa usebenzisa iBootTrace kuxilongo oluphambili.
Emva kwexesha elide, i-antivirus iqala ukukhangela. Coca iifayile zexeshana usebenzisa ukuCoca iDiski kunye noKhetho lweIntanethiUkuskena kuya kukhawuleza kwaye "ingxolo" encinci evela kwiifayile ezishiyekileyo okanye ukhuphelo olubi.
Ukucoca: Dibanisa ukuskena okufunwayo kunye ne-antivirus yokuhlala
Okokuqala bulala iintsholongwane, emva koko ulungise iWindows. I-antivirus yexesha lokwenyani ihlola ngokuqhubekayo, kodwa luluvo olulungileyo ukufumana uluvo lwesibini kunye neskena esifunwayo.Kuphephe ukuba neenjini ezimbini zokuhlala ngexesha elinye: ziya kungqubana.
Ukuba i-antivirus yakho iphose isoyikiso, ungathembeli ukuba uyibambe ngoku. Khuphela iskena esithembekileyo esifunwayo (umzekelo, iMalwarebytes) kwiwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweniUkuba akukho ukufikelela kwe-intanethi kwikhompyuter echaphazelekayo, yikhuphele kwenye iPC kwaye uyidlulisele nge-USB.
Faka, hlaziya imisayino, kwaye usebenzise i scan ngokukhawulezaUkuba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ezifunyenweyo, cima izinto ezikhethiweyo kwaye uqalise kwakhona xa ucelwa. Emva koko wenze uhlalutyo olupheleleyo Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke into, ukuba iskena sizivala ngokwaso okanye asivuleki, usulelo lunobundlobongela: emva kokugcina idatha, cinga ngokufaka kwakhona okanye ukubuyisela ukuphepha ukuchitha ixesha ukuxosha i-rootkit.
Lungisa iifayile zesistim nge-SFC kunye ne-DISM
Emva "kokutshayela," kuqhelekile ukuba ezinye iindawo zenkqubo zihlale zonakele. IiWindows zibandakanya i-SFC (i-System File Checker) kunye ne-DISM ukubuyisela ingqibelelo yeefayile ezikhuselweyo kunye nemifanekiso yecandelo.
I-CFS Thelekisa ifayile nganye ekhuselweyo nekopi yayo ethembekileyo uze ufake endaweni yazo naziphi na ezonakeleyo. Vula i-Command Prompt njengomlawuli kwaye uqhube sfc /scannowKusenokuthatha ixesha, ngoko yiba nomonde. Tolika isiphumo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Akukho ukwaphulwa kwemfezeko: Akukho konakala kwenkqubo.
- Ufumene kwaye walungisa: Umonakalo usonjululwe ngecache yasekhaya.
- Akakwazanga ukulungisa ezinye: tshintshela kwi-DISM kwaye uphinda i-SFC emva koko.
- Umsebenzi awukwazanga ukwenziwa: Zama ukuqalela kwiNdlela eKhuselekileyo okanye usebenzise imidiya yokubuyisela.
Ukuba iWindows ayiqalisi, qalisa SFC ngaphandle kweintanethi ukusuka kwiNdawo yoBuyiselo (i-USB/DVD): sfc /scannow /offbootdir=C:\ /offwindir=C:\Windows (lungisa iileta ngokwetyala lakho). Oku kuvumela ukufakela ukuba kulungiswe "ukusuka ngaphandle"..
Xa i-cache esetyenziswa yi-SFC nayo yonakele, i-DISM iyakhaba. I-DISM iqinisekisa kwaye ilungisa umfanekiso ukuba i-SFC idinga njengereferensi. Kwi-CMD njengomlawuli:
dism /online /cleanup-image /checkhealth— khangela ngokukhawuleza.dism /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth— iskeni epheleleyo.dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth— ukulungiswa usebenzisa umthombo wasekhaya okanye we-intanethi.
Ulandelelwano olucetyiswayo: SFC → DISM / scanhealth → DISM /restorehealth → DISM /startcomponentcleanup → SFC Kwakhona ukuqinisa. Kwi-Windows 7, i-DISM yale mihla ayifumaneki: sebenzisa iSixhobo sokuLungela uHlaziyo lweNkqubo Inkonzo kaMicrosoft yokungangqinelani kwezitaki.
Njengecebo lokugqibela, unokutshintsha ifayile ethile engenakulungiswa. Yichonge kwilog ye-SFC kwaye uyitshintshe ngekopi yoguqulelo olufanayo kwaye wakhe.Imiyalelo eqhelekileyo: takeown, icacls y copyYenza kuphela ukuba uyayazi into oyenzayo.
Iingxaki zokuQalisa: Ulungiso lokuqalisa, i-bootrec kunye nediski
Ukuba iWindows iyasilela ukufikelela kwidesktop, umoni inokuba ngumphathi wesiqalo okanye iimpazamo ezinje AYINACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE. Ukusuka kwiNdawo yoBuyiselo, qhuba ukulungiswa kokuQalisa ukulungisa iilophu kunye namagalelo onakeleyo.
Xa oko akwanelanga, vula i Umyalelo wokukhawuleza kunye nokusetyenziswa bootrec /rebuildbcd, bootrec /fixmbr y bootrec /fixboot ukwenza kwakhona i-BCD, i-MBR kunye necandelo le-boot. Uninzi lorhwaphilizo lokuqala lusonjululwa ngolu thathathuNceda uqaphele ukuba imisebenzi efana Ukuqalisa Okukhawulezayo inokwenza nzima ukulungisa okuthile.
Ukuba ukrokrela ukusilela ngokomzimba, khangela idiski: chkdsk C: /f /r khangela amacandelo aneziphene kwaye uhambise idathaNceda uqaphele ukuba kungathatha iiyure ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nemeko yediski.
Enye indlela kukuqala kwi-a Ukufakwa okanye ukubuyisela i-USBNgesixhobo sokudala imidiya yeMicrosoft, unokuyidala kwenye iPC kwaye ufikelele kuzo zonke iinketho zokubuyisela, ukukhawuleza komyalelo, okanye uyifake kwakhona ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ukubuyiselwa kwenkqubo kunye nee-backups
Xa intlekele ibetha emva kotshintsho oluthile (umqhubi, inkqubo, uhlaziyo), UkuBuyiselwa kweNkqubo kukubuyisela kwindawo yangaphambili ngaphandle kokuchukumisa amaxwebhu akho. Ulahlekelwa yisoftware efakwe emva kwenqaku, kodwa ufumana uzinzo.
Ukuba uqhele ukuba ngumcwangcisi, nokuba ngcono: Ukugcinwa komfanekiso wenkqubo kunye nembali yefayile Bakuvumela ukuba ubuyise iifayile okanye indawo yakho yonke. Qwalasela ungqamaniso lwamaxwebhu kunye ne-OneDrive ukuze ufumane umnatha wokhuseleko olongezelelweyo.
Umhleli weRegistry: Khusela ii-Backups kunye nokubuyisela
Irekhodi libuthathaka. Ngaphambi kokuba uyichukumise, Yenza ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo kwi-regedit (Ifayile → Rhweba ngaphandle) kwaye ugcine ifayile ye.reg kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle, cofa kabini ukuyibuyisela kwaye uyiqalise kwakhona.
Kuphephe ngokumfamekileyo "ukuthena" izitshixo. Ukucima ngempazamo kunokuthintela iWindows ekuqaliseniUkuba uyathandabuza, ungayichukumisi; izixhobo ezifana ne-DISM zikhuselekile ukulungisa undoqo wenkqubo.
Lungisa iiWindows ngaphandle kweCD: USB, iinketho eziphambili kunye nokufakwa kwakhona
Namhlanje, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa i-USB. Yenza indlela yokubuyisela usebenzisa isixhobo esisemthethweni seMicrosoftQalisa kuyo kwaye ufikelele kuLungiso loQalo, uBuyiselo lweSistim, okanye i-Command Prompt kwimiyalelo yokulungisa.
Ukuba inkqubo ihlala ingazinzanga, qwalasela a seta kwakhona ("Seta kwakhona le PC") ngokhetho lokugcina iifayile. Isusa izicelo kunye nabaqhubi, kodwa igcina amaxwebhu. Ayinamandla kakhulu kunokufomatha kwaye ihlala yanele..
Xa kukho izibonakaliso ze-rootkit okanye i-manipulation enzulu, eyona nto ingqiqo kwaye ikhawulezayo yinto yokwenza. ufakelo olucocekileyoPhinda ubuyise iifayile zobuqu (ungabuyisi ukuphunyezwa okukrokrisayo), faka kwi-ISO eqinisekisiweyo, kwaye emva kokuqala kokuqala, Faka uhlaziyo olusemthethweni kunye nabaqhubi. ngaphambi kokutshintshela kwisoftware yakho yesiqhelo.
Izisombululi zengxaki ezidityanisiweyo kunye nolondolozo olusebenzayo
IiWindows zibandakanya abasombululi beengxaki Yesandi, inethiwekhi, abashicileli, kunye nokunye. Unokuziqhuba kwizicwangciso → Indlela → Ukusombulula ingxaki; abenzi mimangaliso, kodwa Bonga ixesha kwiziganeko eziqhelekileyo.
Ngokwenza, Ukubek'esweni intsebenzo Inceda ukubona i-CPU, imemori, okanye iibhotile zedisk. Gcina iliso kuMphathi woMsebenzi: uninzi lwee-apps ezisebenza ekuqaleni zicotha amaxesha okuqalisa, ke khubaza izinto ezingeyomfuneko kwi eKhaya thebhu.
Ulondolozo olusisiseko luhamba indlela ende: Ukucocwa kwefayile okwethutyana, ulawulo lwendawo, kunye nokwahlulwa kwe-HDDMusa ukuqhekeza ii-SSD; IiWindows sele zibenza ngcono nge-TRIM, kwaye ukuqhatha kubenza bufutshane ubomi babo.
Uhlaziyo lweWindows: Hlaziya kwaye ulungise xa isilela
Uhlaziyo ayilo "impawu ezintsha" kuphela: Bavala ubuthathaka kwaye balungise iimpazamoUkuba uHlaziyo lweWindows aluphumeleli, qalisa ngokuqalisa kwakhona, usebenzisa isilungisi sayo, kwaye uqinisekise umdibaniso (akukho VPN/Proxy, coca iDNS nge. ipconfig /flushdns).
Ukuba iyaqhubeka, I-SFC kunye ne-DISM ziyenzekakwaye ucime imixholo (hayi iifolda) ze C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution y C:\Windows\System32\catroot2 neenkonzo zinqunyanyisiwe. Emva koko zama ukukhuphela kwakhona. okanye faka ngesandla usuka kwiKhathalogi yoHlaziyo lweMicrosoft.
Kukho iikhowudi zeempazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo. Uqhagamshelwano okanye i-cache (0x80072EE2, 0x80246013, 80072EFE, 0x80240061): Jonga i-firewall/proxy kwaye ucime i-caches. Amalungu enkohlakalo (0x80070490, 0x80073712, 0x8e5e03fa, 0x800f081f): DISM + SFC idla ngokuyilungisa. Iinkonzo ezivaliweyo (0x80070422, 0x80240FFF, 0x8007043c, 0x8024A000): qalisa kwakhona iinkonzo, i-boot ecocekileyo kunye nomfanekiso wokulungisa.
Kwiimeko ezithile, iipatches ezichaphazela ulwahlulo lokubuyisela Basenokufuna uhlengahlengiso (umzekelo, iibugs ezithile zeWinRE). Ukuba akukho nto ibonakala ilungile, faka uhlaziyo usebenzisa i-ISO esemthethweni. Sisisindisi sobomi kwiibhloko ezidlulayo.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo: isikrini esiluhlaza, ukusebenza kancinci, kunye neengxabano
I-BSOD idla ngokukhomba kubaqhubi okanye kwihardware. Qaphela ikhowudi, ukuhlaziya abaqhubi (imizobo, i-chipset, inethiwekhi), kwaye uqhube uvavanyo lokuxilonga imemori.Ukuba iqale emva kohlaziyo, buyisela okanye sebenzisa indawo yokubuyisela.
Ukuba iPC yakho isebenza kancinci, jonga izinto ezisisiseko: Khipha iinkqubo ongazisebenzisiyo, coca iifayile zexeshana, kwaye wandise ukuqalisa.Kwi-HDD yakho, yihlukanise; kwaye ukuba unako, tshintshela kwi-SSD: Ukutsiba kwamanzi kukhohlakele.
Ungquzulwano lwesoftware bubuqhophololo. I-boot ecocekileyo inceda ukubona usetyenziso oluyingxakiUkubaleka kwimowudi ehambelanayo ngamanye amaxesha kwanele, kwaye ukuba inkqubo iyaqhubeka, kungcono ukukhangela enye indlela.
IMicrosoft Defender: isiseko esiluqilima kwaye wenze ntoni ukuba ayiqalisi
I-Defender idibanisa i-antivirus, i-firewall, kunye nokhuseleko lwexesha lokwenyani kunye neesignesha ezizenzekelayo. Kubantu abaninzi, kwanele ukuba bahlala benolwaziUkuba ayiqalisi, khangela iingxabano kunye nezinye iinkqubo ze-antivirus, iinkonzo ezikhubazekileyo, kunye nohlaziyo olungaphelelanga.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ezifana 0x8050800c, 0x80240438, 0x8007139f, 0x800700aa, 0x800704ec, 0x80073b01, 0x800106ba o 0x80070005 Bahlala besombulula ngokudibanisa uhlaziyo lwesiginitsha, ukucoca iintsalela zesoftware ye-antivirus yangaphambili, i-SFC/DISM, kunye ne-boot ecocekileyo. Ngenjini enye kuphela yokuhlala, ukuhlalisana kunoxolo ngakumbi..
Isikhangeli esiqwetyiweyo: iinjini ezingafunwayo kunye nezandiso
Ukuba batshintsha i-injini yakho yokukhangela okanye bongeza izixhobo ezongezelelekileyo ngaphandle kokucela imvume, yiya kuseto lwebrawuza yakho kwaye Isusa iimotor ezingafunekiyo, ishiya eyakho njengemiyo.Jonga izandiso kwaye ukhuphe naziphi na ezikrokrisayo.
Unobangela uqhelekile abafakeli abaneebhokisi ezikhethwe kwangaphambili, i-adware, okanye i-malware etshintsha usetoSoloko ukhuphela kwimithombo esemthethweni kwaye ungaqhubeki ucofa "Okulandelayo, okulandelayo" ngaphandle kokukhangela.
Ukubuyiswa kwedatha: into omawuyenze ngaphambi kokuba "usebenze"
Ukuba amaxwebhu akho asemngciphekweni, beka phambili ukuwakhusela. NgeWindows okanye iLinux Live USB unokukopa iifayile kwidrive yangaphandleUkusuka kwiNdawo yoBuyiselo, i-Notepad isetyenziselwa ukuvula i-Explorer encinci (Ifayile → Vula) kwaye ikopi.
Kwiifayile ezicinyiweyo okanye imiqulu engafikelelekiyo, iinkqubo zokubuyisela ezifana neRecuva okanye i-EaseUS okanye iStellar Ungafumana kwakhona kancinci ukuba nje ungabhala ngaphezulu idatha. Okukhona usebenzisa idiski echaphazelekayo, kokukhona ungafumana kwakhona. amathuba amaninzi okuphumelela.
Ukuthintela ukosuleleka kwakhona kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo
Kuphephe ukwenza izinto ezimbi ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngococeko olusisiseko: Gcina iiWindows kunye neeapps zisexesheni, sebenzisa isoftware ethembekileyo ye-antivirus, kwaye uskene imidiya esusekayo. Phambi kokuwavula. Ukuthandabuza okunempilo ngee-imeyile ezikrokrelayo kunye namakhonkco akugcinela ingxaki.
Emva kosulelo, Hlaziya iiakhawunti zakho ezibuthathaka (ibhanki, i-imeyile, imidiya yoluntu) kwaye utshintshe amagama ayimfihlo.Ukuba ubuyisela ii-backups, zihlalutye: kungcono ukulahlekelwa yikopi endala kunokubuyisela intsholongwane.
Xa uphinda ufaka isoftware, Khuphela kwiindawo ezisemthethweni kwaye unqande "iipasile zemimangaliso"Ukuba ingxaki ibuya emva kokusetha kwakhona, umthombo unokuba ngaphandle: abafakeli abonakeleyo, iidrive ze-USB ezosulelekileyo, okanye enye ikhompyuter eyosulelekileyo kwinethiwekhi yakho.
Kunini xa kufanelekile ukwenza ukufakela okucocekileyo?
Kukho iimpawu ezicacileyo: Ukulungiswa okungasebenziyo, i-malware iphinda ivele, inkqubo ihlala ingazinzile okanye izixhobo zokucoca ziyavaleka. Kule meko, ukufakela okucocekileyo okwenziwe ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile. Isombulula i-100% yosulelo. kwaye rhoqo kukugcinela iiyure zokuleqa.
Hlonipha uhlelo olunelayisensi yeWindows (eKhaya, iPro, njl.), Tsiba iqhosha ngexesha lofakelo kwaye ulivule kamva ngelayisensi yedijithali. Musa ukubuyisela izinto eziphunyeziweyo kwimithombo ethandabuzekayo, faka uhlaziyo, faka abaqhubi abasemthethweni, kwaye emva koko ufake isoftware yakho yesiqhelo.
Landela uhambo olucwangcisiweyo—ube yedwa, ubulale iintsholongwane ngesiskena esifanelekileyo esifunwayo, lungisa nge-SFC/DISM, sebenzisa iindlela zokubuyisela, uze wenze isigqibo sobulumko sokuba usete ngokutsha okanye ubuyisele kwakhona— Ibuyisela uzinzo kwiWindows kwaye ikukhusele ekubuyeleni kwakhona.Ngokulungiswa rhoqo, ii-backups, kunye nokuchukumisa isilumkiso xa ubrawuza kwaye ufaka, iPC yakho iya kuhamba kakuhle kwaye ngaphandle kokumangalisa.
Ukuthanda itekhnoloji ukusukela esemncinci. Ndiyakuthanda ukuhlala unolwazi kweli candelo kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, ukunxibelelana nalo. Yiyo loo nto ndizinikele kunxibelelwano lwetekhnoloji kunye neewebhusayithi zomdlalo wevidiyo iminyaka emininzi ngoku. Ungandifumana ndibhala malunga ne-Android, iWindows, iMacOS, i-iOS, iNintendo okanye nasiphi na esinye isihloko esihambelanayo esiza engqondweni.