UArtemis II: uqeqesho, isayensi, kunye nendlela yokuthumela igama lakho malunga neNyanga

UArtemis II Ibe yenye yezinto eziphambili kwisigaba esitsha sophononongo lwenyanga. Uthumo, olucwangciselwe ukuqaliswa kwefestile ukusuka NgoFebruwari ukuya kuAprili 2026Iya kuba yinqwelomoya yokuqala eqhutywa ngumntu yenkqubo ka-Artemis kunye novavanyo olukhulu lwesiphekepheke xa sisemoyeni. Orion kunye nerokhethi Moran kwindawo enzulu yendawo.

kwabambalwa Iintsuku ze-10 zokuhambaOosomajukujuku abane baya kujikeleza iNyanga belandela umzobo wesibhozo kwaye baya kuhambela kude Iikhilomitha ezingama-370.000 ukusuka eMhlabeniukufikelela kwezinye Iikhilomitha ezingama-7.400 ngaphaya komphezulu wenyangaNgeli xesha, i-NASA ivule umnyango wokuba nabani na afake igama lakhe kwi- imemori yedijithali eya kuhamba nge-Orionumqondiso womqondiso osondeza i-mission kubemi behlabathi jikelele, kwakhona ISpain kunye neYurophu iphela.

Uqeqesho olunzulu lwenqwelomoya emfutshane kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu

Amalungu amane abasebenzi baka-Artemis II—UReid Wiseman, uVictor Glover, uChristina Koch kunye noJeremy Hansen- sele iza kugqiba Iinyanga ezili-18 zokulungiselela, ixesha elaqala ngo Isilimela 2023 kwaye ijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abasebenzi banobuchule kuyo yomibini imiba yemihla ngemihla yobuthunywa kunye neziganeko ezinokubakho ezingalindelekanga kwindawo enzulu.

La isigaba sokuqala soqeqesho Uphononongo lugxile kuhlalutyo olunzulu lwendawo yangaphakathi yesiphekepheke seOrion. Kangangeenyanga ezintathu, baye babamba iiseshini zomntu ngamnye kunye neqela ukuze bafunde ngazo ngokweenkcukacha. ulawulo, iinkqubo zokuxhasa ubomi, unxibelelwano, kunye neenkquboInjongo kukuba, xa sele ibhabha, ilungu ngalinye labasebenzi liya kujikeleza ikhabhathi phantse ngentloko kwaye likwazi ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kuyo nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga.

Kamva, oosomajukujuku bahamba baya I-Mistastin crater, eCanada, enye yeemeko zomhlaba ezilinganisa kakuhle imbonakalo yenyanga. Apho benza a uqeqesho olunzulu lwejoloji: ukuchongwa kwezakhiwo zamatye, uhlalutyo lweeleya zemathiriyeli, kunye nezenzo zesampulu. Nangona u-Artemis II engabandakanyi ukuhla kwenyanga, le misebenzi inceda ekuphuculeni uqwalaselo lwabasebenzi kunye nezakhono zamaxwebhu enzululwazi, izakhono eziya kusetyenziswa kwakhona kwimisebenzi elandelayo.

La inqanaba lesithathu iye yajikeleza i imisebenzi ye-orbitalKwizifanisi ze Johnson Space Centre (Houston), abasebenzi baye baphinda baphinda bahamba ngendlela ebalulekileyo kunye neendlela zokulawula isimo sengqondo, baqhelisela zombini iinkqubo zesiqhelo kunye neemeko zokungaphumeleli. Ukulinganisa ukuqaliswa kwe-injini, ukulungiswa kwendlela, kunye nee-dockings ezibonakalayo zibavumela ukuba bavavanye indlela abantu abasabela ngayo kumthwalo womsebenzi kunye noxinzelelo lwenqwelomoya yokwenyani.

Ukongeza kwicandelo lobugcisa, oosomajukujuku abane bafumene uqeqesho oluthile lwezonyangoBaqeqeshelwa uncedo lokuqala oluphambili kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuxilonga ezifana i-stethoscopes kunye ne-electrocardiographsukuze amaqela aseMhlabeni akwazi ukubeka esweni impilo yabasebenzi ngexesha lokwenyani kwaye asabele ngokukhawuleza kuzo naziphi na iimpawu ezixhalabisayo.

Isondlo, umthambo kunye nokuphumla: ukukhathalela umzimba kwindawo enzulu

Kwiziko laseJohnson Space lisebenza a Ilabhoratri yeenkqubo zokutya ngubani oyile imenyu elungiselelwe i izinto ozikhethayo kunye neemfuno zesondlo kasomajukujuku ngamnye. Kwezi nyanga, kuye kwenziwa uvavanyo. Uvavanyo lwe-biochemical ngamaxesha athile ukuhlalutya ubunzima bomzimba wabo kunye nokutya, ukunikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwizondlo eziphambili ezifana vitamin D, folate, calcium kunye nentsimbi, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwethambo kunye nemisipha kwi-microgravity.

Isiphekepheke seOrion sidibanisa a umtshini wamanzi kunye nokufudumala kokutyaOku kuvumela ukukhululeka okuthile ekutyeni ukutya okushushu kunye nokugcina imikhwa yokutya ifana kangangoko nakwezo zisemhlabeni. Yinkcukacha encinci ephepheni, kodwa inefuthe kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nokubambelela kwizicwangciso zesondlo.

Ngokwenyama, intloko yeofisi yoqeqesho ka-Artemis II, UJacki Mahaffey, uye wagxininisa ukubaluleka koku "Undoqo" okanye indawo esembindini womzimbaKwi-microgravity, izihlunu ezingundoqo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuzinzisa, naxa oosomajukujuku bebonakala bemile. Ke ngoko, uqeqesho lubandakanya umthambo omninzi wokomeleza, kwindawo yokuzivocavoca nakwindawo yokuzivocavoca Isiphekepheke sinxibeUkuziqhelanisa nokungena kunye nokuphuma kwikhabhinethi ukwenza iintshukumo kunye nokuma ngaphakathi.

Ngexesha lemishini, ilungu ngalinye labasebenzi kuya kufuneka linikezele malunga Imizuzu engama-30 yomsebenzi womzimba yonke imihlaBaya kusebenzisa inkqubo ye ukuxhathisa okulungelelanisiweyo nge-flywheel ukulinganisa imithambo efana nokubheqa, i-squats, okanye i-deadlifts. Esi sixhobo sihlangeneyo senzelwe ukuvelisa ukuxhathisa koomatshini ngaphandle kwesidingo sobunzima bemveli, imfuneko ebalulekileyo xa ikhilogram nganye ibala.

Ukuphumla kukwayinxalenye yesicwangciso. I-NASA igxininisa ekuqinisekiseni iiyure ezisibhozo zokulala yonke imihla kubasebenzi bonke ngendlela ehambelanayo. Baya kuba nayo ezijinga sleeping bags abasele beziqhelanise noqeqesho, into ephambili ukuze umzimba uqhele ukulala ngaphandle kwendawo yokuxhasa. Njengoko usomajukujuku echaza uYosefu uAhabhiEsithubeni, umjikelo wokulala uchaphazeleka yiLanga: kwiSikhululo seNdawo samazwe ngamazwe, ukuya kuthi ga I-16 iphuma rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-24Ukugcina ucwangciso lokuphumla oluluqilima kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukudinwa.

Ungxamiseko, ukusinda kunye nokuhlangula elwandle

Enye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo ka-Artemis II igxile kwi ixesha likaxakeka kunye nokuphilaI-NASA ibeke phantsi koosomajukujuku uqeqesho lwe-buoyancyukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kunye iindlela ezivulekileyo zokusinda elwandle ukunxiba iisuti zasemajukujukwini. Olunye lwezi mvavanyo lwenziwa kwi ipacific Ocean ecaleni koMkhosi waManzi wase-United States, apho babeziqhelanisa nokujonga phezulu, ukukhwela amaqonga anokuvuza, kunye nokunxibelelana neehelikopta kunye neenqanawa zokuhlangula.

Ezi ziqhelo aziyiyo i-anecdotal: ukubuya kuka-Artemis II kuya kufikelela kuvuthondaba ngesantya esiphezulu ukungena kwakhona emoyeni kunye a ukusasazeka kwiPasifikiukusuka kunxweme lwaseSan Diego. Amaqela adibeneyo avela kwi-NASA kunye neSebe lezoKhuselo baya kuba noxanduva lokufumana i-capsule, ukuyikhusela, kunye nokukhupha abasebenzi. Ukuba neemeko ezifanayo ngaphambili kunciphisa imingcipheko kunye namaxesha okuphendula xa ukuchaphaza kwenzeka ngokwenene.

Isayensi yokuhlala kwindawo enzulu: impilo, imitha, kunye nedatha yekamva

Nangona uArtemis II ngu indiza yovavanyoI-NASA iya kuthatha ithuba losuku ngalunye ukuqokelela idatha malunga nendlela [iplanethi] echaphazela ngayo indawo enzulu kumzimba womntuAbasebenzi baya kusebenza ngaxeshanye njengabaqhubi nanjengezifundo zokufunda kwiindlela ezininzi zophando ezijolise kuzo ukulala, uxinzelelo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, kunye nokuba sesichengeni ngemitha.

Enye yeeprojekthi eziphambili I-ARCheR (uPhando lweArtemis lweMpilo yaBasebenzi kunye nokuSebenza)Uvavanyo lujolise ekuhlalutyeni indlela ukuphumla, umthwalo wengqondo, ukuqonda, kunye nokusebenza kweqela xa ushiya umjikelezo woMhlaba ophantsi. Oosomajukujuku baya kunxiba izixhobo esihlahleni ukuba irekhodi intshukumo kunye neepatheni zokulala kulo lonke uthumo, kwaye iya kuqhuba iimvavanyo zangaphambili kunye nasemva kwendiza ukulinganisa ingqalelo, imemori, imo kunye nentsebenziswano phantsi kweemeko zobomi bokwenyani.

Omnye umgca womsebenzi ugxile kwi i-immune biomarkersI-NASA kunye namaqabane ayo aya kuqokelela iisampulu zamathe kwiphepha elikhethekileyo phambi, ngexesha, nasemva kothumo, kunye namathe elulwelo kunye neesampulu zegazi kwithuba eliphambi nasemva kokubhabha. Injongo kukujonga indlela umzimba ophendula ngayo. amajoni omzimba womntu ukuya kwimitha, ukuba yedwa kunye nomgama ukusuka eMhlabeniKwaye ukuba iintsholongwane ezifihlakeleyo ziphinde zisebenze, njengoko sele kuphawulwe kwiSikhululo samazwe ngamazwe se-Space kunye ne-varicella-zoster virus.

Le projekthi I-Avatar (Impendulo ye-Analogue yeTissue ebonakalayo ye-Astronaut) Iza kubonelela ngolunye uluhlu lolwazi. Iya kusetyenziswa "amalungu kwitshiphu" malunga nobukhulu be-USB flash drive kunye neeseli ezivela kuyo umongo woosomajukujuku ngokwaboEzi modeli zincinci ziya kuvumela abaphandi ukuba bafunde ukuba esi sihlunu sinobuthathaka sisabela njani imitha ephezulu yamandla kwindawo enzulu, kwaye iya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba obu buchwephesha bunokuqikelela impendulo yomntu kwaye bube buqu imilinganiselo yonyango yexesha elizayo.

Abasebenzi baya kuthatha inxaxheba kuphononongo lwe "imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo" I-NASA ibiyenza iminyaka kwezinye iinqwelomoya. Baza kubonelela ngeesampuli ze igazi, umchamo, namathe Ukuqala malunga neenyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokusungulwa, baya kuvavanywa ukulinganisela, ukusebenza kwe-vestibular, amandla emisipha, i-microbiome, umbono kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo. Emva kokubuyela eMhlabeni, uvavanyo luya kuqhubeka malunga nenyanga enye, kugxilwe ngakumbi isiyezi, ukulungelelanisa kunye nokushukuma kwamehlo kunye nentloko.

Yonke le datha iya kudityaniswa nolwazi malunga ne radiation ngaphakathi OrionUkulandela amava ka-Artemis I, apho amawaka ezivamvo zafakwa, uArtemis II uya kusebenzisa kwakhona. izixhobo ezisebenzayo kunye nezixhobo zokubona ngemitha zisasazwe kwisiphekepheke kunye needosimitha zobuqu kwiisuti zikasomajukujuku. Ukuba amanqanaba aphakamileyo afunyenwe ngenxa yeziganeko zelanga, ulawulo lobuthunywa lunomyalelo wokwakhiwa kwe-a "Indawo yokusabela" ngaphakathi kwe-capsule ukunciphisa umthamo ofunyenweyo.

Kule ndawo, intsebenziswano kunye neYurophu ivelele: i-NASA isebenza kwakhona kunye ne Iziko le-Aerospace yaseJamani (DLR) kuguqulelo olutsha lomtshini M-42 EXTngokuphindwe kathandathu isisombululo salowo owandulelayo kwi-Artemis I. I-Orion iya kuthwala ezine zala ma-monitor, eziya kufakwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwi-cabin ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo imitha ye-ion enzima, ethathwa njengeyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yexesha elide.

Iphulo lokuqwalaselwa kwenyanga kunye nendima ye-Europa ku-Artemis

Ngaphandle kovavanyo lwezonyango, abasebenzi baya kuthabatha ithuba lesikhundla sabo esikhethekileyo ukuqhuba a iphulo lokuqwalaselwa kwenyangaBaza kuba ngabantu bokuqala ukujonga ubuso bayo kufutshane ukusukela ngo-1972, kwaye baya kukubhala oko bakubonayo. iifoto kunye nerekhodiweyoNgokuxhomekeke kumhla ochanekileyo wokuqaliswa kunye neemeko zokukhanyisa, banokuba ngabokuqala ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo eminye imimandla icala elikude lenyanga ngokujonga komntu.

I-NASA iya kudibanisa okokuqala ixesha lokwenyani imisebenzi yenzululwazi ukusuka kulawulo lwenqwelomoyaUmlawuli wezenzululwazi uya kulungelelanisa iqela leengcaphephe kwi-impact craters, volcanism, tectonics, kunye Umkhenkce wenyanga Ukusuka kwiGumbi loVavanyo lweNzululwazi kwiZiko le-Johnson Space, eli qela liza kuhlalutya imifanekiso kunye nedatha ethunyelwe ngabasebenzi kwaye inike iingcebiso ngokukhawuleza, isebenza njengovavanyo lwemisebenzi yokufika kwenyanga ezayo.

IYurophu inendima ebalulekileyo kwesi sikhokelo siphela. I-Arhente YaseYurophu Yendawo (ESA) inegalelo kwi Imodyuli yeNkonzo yeOrion yaseYurophuuxanduva lokubonelela amandla, amanzi, ioksijini, kunye ne-propulsion kwi-capsule. Ikwathatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwamacandelo esikhululo senyanga sexesha elizayo. Gateway, eya kubekwa kwi-orbit ejikeleze iNyanga njengendawo yolungiselelo kunye nenzululwazi.

I-ESA sele ibhengeze ukuba ikhethile Oosomajukujuku baseYurophu —umJamani, umFrentshi, kunye nomTaliyane—ukuthatha inxaxheba kubufundisi obuzayo buka-Artemis. Nangona u-Artemis II eza kusetyenziswa ngoosomajukujuku abathathu beNASA kunye nomnye ovela kwiArhente yaseCanada, ezi zivumelwano ziqinisekisa ukuba. IYurophu iya kukhwela uhambo oluzayo lwenyangaOku kubaluleke kakhulu kumazwe afana neSpain, anegalelo kwi-ESA kwaye azuze kwimbuyekezo yetekhnoloji neyeshishini.

Oku kubandakanyeka kweYurophu, kudityaniswa nentsebenziswano nemibutho efana ne-DLR kwinkalo yeradiation, ibeka lo mmandla kwindawo yobuchule phakathi umdyarho omtsha wenyanga, apho amagunya afana nawo athatha inxaxheba iTshayina kwaye, kancinci kancinci, RussiaUArtemis II, ekusebenzeni, elinye inyathelo kwiphulo lexesha elide elijoliswe ekusekeni a ubukho bomntu obuzinzileyo kumphezulu wenyanga sele ulungiselela umsebenzi wokuqala owenziwe ngumntu ukuya kuMars.

Thumela igama lakho kwi-Orion: isimemo sehlabathi jikelele sokukhwela u-Artemis II

Kunye nazo zonke ezi zixhobo zobugcisa nezenzululwazi, iNASA yayifuna ukuvula i ijelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kwabemiNabani na, ovela eSpain, eYurophu okanye nakweliphi na ilizwe, unokubhalisa igama lakhe ukuba ahambe ngenqanawa. UArtemis II ngaphakathi a imemori yedijithali efakwe kwiOrionAyilotikiti lomzimba, kunjalo, kodwa yindlela engumfuziselo wokujoyina ubuthunywa.

Inkqubo ilula: faka nje i Iphepha elisemthethweni leNASA elinikezelwe kwiphulo kwaye ugcwalise ifomu emfutshane kakhulu. Igama lokuqala, ifani kunye no-a ikhowudi yepini ekhethwa ngumsebenzisi, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwamanani amane ukuya kwasixhenxe. Leyo PIN yi iqhosha elinye lokufumana kwakhona ipasi yedijithaliNgoko ke, i-arhente ilumkisa ukuba ayinakubuyiselwa ukuba ilahlekile.

Yakuba ingenisiwe ifomu, inkqubo ivelisa a ipasi yokukhwela eyeyakho ezinxulumene noArtemis II. Ibandakanya igama elibhalisiweyo, inombolo yesazisi, kunye nereferensi yobuthunywa, apho uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba ababelana ngalo kumajelo asekuhlaleni okanye basebenzise kwimisebenzi yemfundo. I-NASA ikhuthaza ukuhanjiswa kwala makhadi njengendlela yoku ukusondeza ukuhlola indawo kufutshane nezikolo, kwiintsapho nakubantu abanomdla.

Ngokwamanani akutshanje apapashwe yi-arhente, inyathelo sele liqokelele amakhulu amawaka eerekhodikunye nekhawuntara ekhulayo imihla ngemihla. Onke loo magama aya kuhlanganiswa abe lilinye inkxaso yememori eya kudityaniswa kwihardware yesiphekepheke phambi kokuqalisa. Ngexesha lohambo olumalunga neentsuku ezilishumi, olo luhlu lwamagama luya kugqiba indlela efanayo nabasebenzi: ukusuka kwi-liftoff kwi-Kennedy Space Centre ukuya kwi-lunar flyby kunye nokubuyela eMhlabeni.

Kuluntu ngokubanzi, isenzo asitshintshi ikhondo lobuthunywa, kodwa siyanceda ukuyiqonda ngcono. Ukwazi ukuba igama lakho lihamba e-Orion kuguqula ukude, ukusebenza kobugcisa kube yinto ene... icandelo leemvakalelo ezisondeleyoIzikolo ezininzi eSpeyin nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu zisebenzisa eli phulo ukusebenza ngenzululwazi, iteknoloji nezihloko zokuphonononga nabafundi bazo.

Inkqubo enokulibaziseka, kodwa nemephu yendlela ecacileyo eya kwiNyanga kunye neMars.

UArtemis II uye wabandezeleka ukuhlehliswa kaninzi Ngokumalunga nemihla yayo yokuqala ekujoliswe kuyo, eyayixhomekeke ekuvuthweni kwe-rocket ye-SLS, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-spacecraft ye-Orion, kunye neminye imiba yenkqubo, i-NASA ngoku ibeka i-mission ngaphakathi kwefestile eyandisa kude kube ... Epreli 2026, ngokubaluleka okusetiweyo ekusungulweni kuphela xa zonke iinkqubo zilungile.

Le nqwelomoya yibhulorho ethe ngqo ukuya UArtemis III, umsebenzi onqwenela ukufezekisa Ukufika kwenyanga okokuqala ngqa ukusukela ngo-1972 usebenzisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, umntu osebenzisa umhlaba onikezelweyo kushishino lwabucala. Ukufikelela kwelo nqanaba, uArtemis II kufuneka abonise oko iSuite ye-SLS-Orion kunye neenkqubo zomhlaba Basebenza ngokuthembekileyo nabantu abakwibhodi: ukusuka kwinkxaso yobomi ukuya kunxibelelwano, kubandakanywa ukuhamba kunye nokuziphatha kwesakhiwo kwezona zigaba zinzima kakhulu zohambo.

Okwangoku, i-NASA igxininisa ukuba inkqubo ye-Artemis ayilandeli iinjongo zesayensi kuphela. I-arhente ithetha ngayo okufunyenweyo, iinzuzo zoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe Olu phuhliso lunokuba neziphumo kumacandelo amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela, ukusuka kwizinto ezintsha ukuya kumandla kunye neenkqubo zonyango. Ukugcina inyathelo elingaka kumashumi eminyaka, inkxaso yezopolitiko kufuneka ihambisane nenkxaso yoluntu.

Kungoko iinzame zokugcina a ibali lokuhlola ekwabelwana ngaloUkubandakanya amagama kwimemori eya kujikeleza iNyanga, ukuvula idatha yesayensi kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokubandakanya amaqabane afana ne-ESA zonke iziqwenga zesicwangciso esifanayo: ukubonisa ukuba ukuhlola kwenyanga akusiyo umsebenzi welizwe elinye okanye i-elite, kodwa umzamo ohlangeneyo. uthungelwano lwehlabathi lwamaziko, amashishini kunye nabemi.

Kunye noArtemis II malunga nekona, indibaniselwano ye uqeqesho olubanzi, imifuniselo yobuvulindlela, intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nentatho-nxaxheba yoluntu Ichaza umsebenzi omfutshane ngexesha, kodwa kunye neempembelelo ezibalulekileyo. Kwabo babukele eSpeyin okanye naphi na eYurophu, imvakalelo kukuba ukubuyela eNyangeni akusekho nje iphepha kwiincwadi zembali: yinkqubo ephilayo, eqhubekayo apho kunokwenzeka ukuba ubandakanyeke, nokuba ushiye into elula njengegama elihamba ngaphakathi kwe-Orion.