Ubuntu vs Kubuntu: Yeyiphi iLinux eyona ilungileyo kum?

Ukuba ucinga ngokuthatha umtsi ukuya Ihlabathi leLinux, usenokuba uye waziva wonganyelwe linani leenketho ezikhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi le ngxaki iyancipha Ubuntu vs Kubuntu. Ukuba kunjalo, uya kukuvuyela ukwazi ukuba eli nqaku lenzelwe ukuphelisa onke amathandabuzo onawo.

Kufuneka kuthiwe idabi Ubuntu vs Kubuntu ineminyaka ikhona kwaye ivelisa iincoko ezinomdla. Zombini izabelo zabelana kakhulu kunokuba zibonwa. Nangona kunjalo, ama-nuances amancinci angenza umehluko omkhulu ngamava akho emihla ngemihla.

Yintoni Ubuntu kwaye ithini ifilosofi yabo?

Ubuntu bungaphezulu kwenkqubo yokusebenza: lisango eliya kwihlabathi leLinux kwizigidi zabasebenzisi kwihlabathi liphela. Igama layo lisuka kwiilwimi zesiNtu (isiZulu nesiXhosa) kwaye lithetha “ubuntu kwabanye.” Le ngcamango ingena kwi ifilosofi yokusasazwa, efuna ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluvulekileyo, intsebenziswano, kunye nenkxaso phakathi koluntu lwabasebenzisi. Enyanisweni, uphawu lwayo, olunemilo emithathu yabantu abadityaniswe kwisangqa, lubonisa ingcamango yomanyano nentsebenziswano.

Ubuntu yinkqubo mahala, eqhutywa luluntu lwehlabathi kwaye ixhaswa ngokuyintloko yiCanonical. Umsebenzi wayo kukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kuye wonke umntu, ukususa imiqobo yobugcisa ebikade igcina abasebenzisi abaninzi beLinux kude. Ukususela ekusungulweni kwayo ngo-2004, iye yagxininisa ukusebenziseka lula, ikwenza kube lula ukuyifaka, ukuhlaziya, okanye ukusebenza nayo, nakubantu abatsha.

Iimpawu eziphambili zoBuntu

• Ngokusekwe kwiDebian: Ubuntu busekwe kowona lwabiwo lwakudala nolunamandla lweLinux, olunika uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko.
• Gxininisa kusetyenziso: Idesktop yayo ephambili, i-GNOME, ibalasele ngokuqonda kwayo. Ibonelela ngemekobume yanamhlanje eyenzelwe ukufikelela lula kwizicelo nakwimisebenzi.
• Isoftware ehlala ikho: Ibandakanya iFirefox njengesikhangeli, iEvolution ye-imeyile, kunye neLibreOffice njengeofisi, zonke zidityaniswe ngaphandle komthungo.
• ukhuseleko oluphambili: Idibanisa iinkqubo zokukhusela ezenza ukusetyenziswa kwe-antivirus kungenasidingo kwiimeko ezininzi.
• Uluntu olusebenzayo: Uthungelwano lwayo olubanzi lweeforamu kunye nemithombo ye-intanethi ingamandla angenakuphikiswa. Uyakuhlala ufumana uncedo okanye amaxwebhu okusombulula nayiphi na imibuzo.
• Uhlaziyo olulula nolwasimahla: Ayikokukhuphela kokuqala kuphela, kodwa lonke uhlaziyo lusimahla kwaye kulula ukuyifaka.

Ugcino kunye nolawulo ku-Ubuntu

Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwe-Ubuntu kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekwenzeni i ulondolozo olusisiseko, nangona ayifuni mgudu omkhulu. Kukho izixhobo ezifana I-Disk Analyzer Usage ukuhlalutya indawo, BleachBit ukucoca iifayile ezingeyomfuneko kunye Umphathi wePakethe ye Synaptic ukulawula iinkqubo ezifakiweyo. Ezi zinto ziluncedo, kunye nohlaziyo oluzenzekelayo, zivumela inkqubo yakho ukuba ihlale ilungile kwaye ikhuselekile iminyaka.

Yintoni uKubuntu kwaye yahluke njani?

I-Kubuntu yenye yeendlela ezisemthethweni zobuntu, kodwa iwatshintsha ngokupheleleyo amava omsebenzisi enkosi kwinto enye ephambili: imeko-bume yedesktop. Endaweni ye-GNOME, khetha i-KDE Plasma, edume ngayo umgangatho ophezulu wokwenza ngokwezifiso kunye noyilo lwayo lwangoku nolunomtsalane. Igama elithi "Kubuntu" lineengcambu zaseAfrika kwaye linokutolikwa njenge "kubantu" okanye “ekhululekileyo,” ebonisa umoya wayo ovulelekileyo nofikelelekayo.

Olu lwabiwo lufanelekile kwabo bakhethayo ujongano olufana nolweWindows, njengoko iPlasma ye-KDE ifana kakhulu, zombini ngenxa yebar yomsebenzi ezantsi kunye nemenyu yayo yokuqala eyomeleleyo nenokwenziwa ngokwezifiso.

Iimpawu zikaKubuntu

• Imeko-bume yePlasma ye-KDE: Idesktop ejongwe ngokubonakalayo, egcwele iinketho zoqwalaselo, oopopayi, kunye namawijethi, kodwa ilungiselelwe ngokumangalisayo kwiinguqulelo zamva nje.
• KDE izicelo: Iza neKonqueror yokukhangela iincwadi, Nxibelelana nolawulo lwe-imeyile, kunye ne-OpenOffice, kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo kwi-ecosystem ye KDE.
• Uhlaziyo oluzenzekelayo: Igcina inkqubo yakho kunye neenkqubo zihlaziyiwe ngaphandle kongenelelo olwenziwa ngesandla.
• Ukuhambelana kwezixhobo: Ixhasa i-x86, x86-64 kunye noyilo lwePPC, yandisa ukufikelela kwayo kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
• Ulawulo lolawulo ngeSudo: Ikuvumela ukuba wenze imisebenzi yolawulo ngokukhuselekileyo nangokulula, kakhulu ngokuhambelana noko sikufumana kwiinkqubo ezinjengeMacOS.

Ukhathalelo lukaKubuntu kunye neNkxaso

Ukugcina i-Kubuntu ikwimo ephezulu, kufuneka uyihlaziye rhoqo kwaye wenze ulungiso olusisiseko. Iinguqulelo eziqhelekileyo zifumana iinyanga ezili-18 zenkxaso kunye nohlaziyo, ngelixa i-LTS ekhethekileyo (iNkxaso yexesha elide) inikezela ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emithathu kwi-desktop y iminyaka emihlanu kwiisevaUkongeza, uluntu lwaseKubuntu luyaziwa ngokubandakanyeka kwalo ekuguquleleni nasekuphuculeni ulwimi, oko kuququzelela ukusetyenziswa kwehlabathi.

Ukufana phakathi koBuntu kunye noKubuntu

Nangona bakhuphisana kwiiforamu kunye nothelekiso, ngaphantsi komhlaba, Ubuntu kunye noKubuntu babelana ngesiseko esifanayo sobugcisaZombini izinikezelo zisekwe kumbindi ofanayo, zihlaziywa ngokuphindaphinda okufanayo (ngokubanzi rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu), kwaye zixhamle koovimba besoftware efanayo.

• Uhlaziyo olulungelelanisiweyo: Inguqulelo nganye entsha ye-Ubuntu iza neqabane layo ku-Kubuntu, kunye nemijikelo yenkxaso efanayo yeenguqulelo ze-LTS.
• Iindawo zokugcina ekwabelwana ngazo kunye namacandelo: Ukufikelela kwiinkqubo kunye neepatches zokhuseleko ziyafana kuzo zombini ukuhanjiswa.
• Iimfuno zehardware ezifanayo: Bafuna i-86MHz x700 CPU, i-512MB ye-RAM, kunye ne-5GB yendawo yedisk, ngoko akukho mahluko afanelekileyo ngeli xesha.
• Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo: Basebenzisa i-LibreOffice, i-GStreamer, kunye ne-PulseAudio, ephakamisa ukuhambelana kwabo kwemultimedia kunye nokusebenza.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi koBuntu kunye noKubuntu

Umahluko omkhulu, lowo uphela unika ibhalansi kubasebenzisi abaninzi, ukwi imeko-bume ye desktopAyisiyonto nje yobuhle, kodwa malunga namava omsebenzisi, umbutho wemenyu, izixhobo ezikhoyo, kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Yintoni eyahlula Ubuntu (GNOME)

• Uyilo oluncinci: I-GNOME igxile kwindawo ecocekileyo, egxile kwimveliso enezixhobo ezimbini (phezulu nasezantsi) kunye nemfusa kunye nengwevu njengemibala yayo echazayo.
• Imenyu elula: Imenyu yosetyenziso icwangciswe kakuhle, kodwa ayilingisi iWindows. Inamacandelo amathathu: usetyenziso, iindawo, kunye neenkqubo.
• Ukusebenziseka ngokulula: Yenzelwe abo bafuna amava ahlukeneyo, kude nezicwangciso zakudala.
• Oopopayi abambalwa: I-GNOME ithe tyaba kwaye iyaqina, uyakuphepha ukuchuma ngokungeyomfuneko.

Izinto ezingaqhelekanga zikaKubuntu (KDE Plasma)

• Umba wosapho: Ibar yomsebenzi esezantsi yesitayile seWindows kunye nemenyu yokuqalisa, enebala elizuba nengwevu.
• Okunokwenzeka okuphezulu ngokwezifiso: Ungaguqula phantse yonke into, ukusuka kwii-icon ukuya kwiziphumo zedesktop kunye neebar zesixhobo.
• Inkxaso yeWidget: Yongeza ii -apps ezincinci kwidesktop yakho ukugcina ulwazi okanye iindlela ezimfutshane zihlala zikufuphi.
• Oopopayi abangakumbi: I-Plasma ye-KDE iyachukumisa ngeziphumo zayo, nangona zonke ziyakwazi ukwenzeka ukubeka phambili umsebenzi.

Ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi kunye nokusebenza

Kangangeminyaka, i-Plasma ye-KDE yayisaziwa ngokuba yi-GNOME, kodwa loo mbono itshintshe kakhulu. Kuvavanyo lwamva nje, iibhutsi zePlasma ze-KDE ukuya kuthi ga kwi-400MB engaphantsi kwe-RAM kwindawo engasebenziyo (malunga ne-800MB), xa kuthelekiswa ne-1,2GB eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa yi-GNOME. Ke, ukuba unekhompyuter ethobekileyo, iKubuntu inokuba khaphukhaphu kwaye ikhawuleze, kodwa zombini iinketho zilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla.

Isoftware kunye nolawulo lwesicelo

Ku-Ubuntu, yonke into ihamba ngendlela Ubuntu Software Centre o IZiko loFundo Ukusukela kwinguqulo ye-23.10, besidibanisa iiphakheji ze-Snap ngokuthe ngqo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukufaka iinkqubo zanamhlanje ngokucofa nje kube kanye, nangona udibaniso lweFlatpak lufuna amanyathelo ongezelelweyo. Usenokuba nomdla kwi funda malunga nonikezelo olusekwe kwi KDE ukwandisa iinketho zakho.

UKubuntu, kwelinye icala, usebenzisa Discover njengomphathi wesoftware. Iyaguquguquka ngakumbi, ikuvumela ukuba wongeze ngokulula iFlatpak kwaye ujonge usetyenziso olukhoyo kwiFlathub ngokuvula iplagi. Ukongeza, i-Plasma ye-KDE iza nezinto ezininzi eziluncedo kunye nezicelo ngaphandle kwebhokisi, kubandakanya izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zedesktop kunye nokukwazi ukuqhagamshela ifowuni yakho nayo. KDE Qhagamshelana (nangona inokufakwa ku-Ubuntu).

Umahluko kwimijikelezo yenkxaso kunye nokukhulula

Ubuntu LTS inikeza iminyaka emihlanu yenkxaso kunye nohlaziyo Kuhlelo lwedesktop, ekwandiswayo ngobhaliso lwasimahla ku-Ubuntu Pro (usetyenziso lomntu siqu), olwandisa ubomi ngeminyaka emihlanu ngaphezulu. Iinguqulelo ezingezizo eze-LTS zigcinwa nge iinyanga ezilithoba zamabala.

I-Kubuntu, nangona iyinto esemthethweni, kwii-LTS editions iminyaka emithathu yenkxaso yedesktop (ezintlanu kwiiseva) kunye neenyanga ezisithoba kwiintlelo eziqhelekileyo, kungekho mathuba okwandisa inkxaso kunye nemirhumo eyongezelelweyo.

Amava ofakelo

Inkqubo yokuhlohla iyafana kuzo zombini iinkqubo, ngaphandle kojongano lomzobo kunye nokhetho oluthile lokubonwayo. Ubuntu buphucule kakhulu i-installer kwiinguqulelo zamva nje, ukuvumela, umzekelo, umsebenzisi ukuba akhethe phakathi komxholo omnyama okanye okhanyayo ngokukhawuleza emva kofakelo, into uKubuntu angayibandakanyi njengesiqhelo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukufakela nokuba enye ilula, iyakhawuleza, kwaye ifanele wonke umntu.

Ngaba kufanelekile ukuzama zombini ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo?

Ngaphandle kothandabuza. Enye yeengongoma ezomeleleyo zombini unikezelo kukuba banikela a Imo yokuPhilaUnokuziqala kwi-USB drive kwaye uzame ngaphandle kokufaka nantoni na kwi-hard drive yakho. Ngale ndlela, uya kukwazi ukubona ukuba yeyiphi eyona ikulungeleyo, ngawaphi amandla ayo, kwaye iyazifanela na iimfuno zakho.

Abasebenzisi abaninzi, emva kweminyaka eliqela betshintshana phakathi kwe-Ubuntu, uKubuntu, kunye nezinye iziqholo, bahlala begxininisa ukuba olona khetho lungcono luhlala lulolona lulula kumsebenzi wabo wemihla ngemihla. Ubuntu Ilungele abo babeka phambili amava alula kunye nanamhlanje, ngelixa Kubuntu Kuya kubavuyisa abo bafuna ukwenza ngokwezifiso yonke into kwaye bajonge utshintsho olugudileyo ukusuka kwiWindows.

Ukuba uvela kwikhompyuter endala kwaye ufuna ukuyivuselela, uXubuntu okanye uLubuntu unokusindisa ubomi bakho. Kodwa ukuba unekhompyuter yanamhlanje, isigqibo siyehla phantse ngokupheleleyo kuncasa yobuqu. Ezona ndaba zilungileyo zezokuba akukho khetho lungalunganga: konke kusezandleni zakho.