UTesla noWaymo bavavanya i-robotaxis yabo ngexesha lokucima kombane okukhulu eSan Francisco

I I-robotaxis kaWaymo kunye ne- Ukubheja kukaTesla okuzimeleyo Babuyele embindini wengxoxo emva kokuba umbane omkhulu eSan Francisco ushiye amashumi amawaka abantu bengenambane kwaye kwacima izibane zendlela kwezinye zeendlela ezixakekileyo zesixeko.Esi siganeko, esingekuko ukuba sisoyikiso nje esiqhelekileyo, siye sasebenza njenge uhlobo lovavanyo loxinzelelo lokwenyani lokuhambahamba okungenamqhubi.

Ngelixa izithuthi zikaWaymo ezizilawulayo ngokupheleleyo zanyanzeleka ukuba ukumisa iinkonzo kunye nokubhajwa kwiindawo ezivulekileyo ezingenazimpawuU-Elon Musk wasebenzisa eli thuba ukugxininisa ukuba iTesla Robotaxis ibingayi kuchatshazelwa yimeko efanayo, nangona inkampani ngokwayo ingekaqhubi inkonzo yorhwebo engenamqhubi eSan Francisco.

Ukucima okukhulu okubeka i-robotaxis kwimeko enzima

Ukucima kombane kwaqala malunga 1 emva kwemini ngoMgqibelo yaze yafikelela kwincopho yayo emva kweeyure ezimbalwa, yachaphazela, ngokutsho kwenkampani yombane iPacific Gas & Electric (PG&E), malunga Abathengi abayi-130.000 phakathi kwamakhaya namashishini eSan Francisco. Ukucima kuqale kumlilo kwisikhululo esingaphantsi komhlaba obangele umonakalo ochazwe njengo "mkhulu kwaye ubanzi".

Ukungabikho kwezibonelelo ezishiyekileyo Izibane zendlela zicimile kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kwisixekoOku kube nempembelelo enamandla kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana nePresidio, iRichmond, iGolden Gate Park, kunye neendawo ezithile zedolophu. Le meko yayenza nzima izithuthi ngokubanzi kwaye yadala imeko enzima kakhulu kwizithuthi ezizimeleyo, ezixhomekeke kakhulu kwiimpawu zendlela ezichanekileyo.

AmaNgqina kwimidiya yoluntu kunye nabemi besixeko babelane ngeevidiyo ezibonisa Iimoto ezininzi zeWaymo zimi phakathi kwezitalato nakwiindawo ezidibana kuzoAyikwazi ukuhamba ngokuqhelekileyo. Umhlali waseSan Francisco uxele ukuba ubone ubuncinane iirobhothi ezintathu zibambeke kwiindlela, enye yazo imile embindini weTurk Boulevard, nto leyo eyandisa ukuxinana okwakusele kunzima ngenxa yokucima kombane.

Amagunya kamasipala, kuquka neofisi kasodolophu, athunyelwe amapolisa, abacimi-mlilo kunye nabasebenzi bolawulo lwendlela Kwiindawo ezichaphazeleke kakhulu, kwenziwa imizamo yokulawula iimoto xa kungekho zibane zendlela. Nangona kunjalo, ukubakho kwezithuthi ezingenamqhubi ezibambeke kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kongeze isiphithiphithi esongezelelekileyo kwindawo yasezidolophini.

Kude kube ngeCawa kusasa, malunga Ababhalisile abangama-21.000 babengenawo umbaneI-PG&E ivumile ukuba ayinakukwazi ukubonelela ngexesha elichanekileyo lokubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo kwenkonzo, nto leyo eyonyusa ukungaqiniseki kwabahlali kunye nabaqhubi bezithuthi.

Impendulo kaWaymo: ukumisa inkonzo kunye nokunxibelelana nesixeko

Ngenxa yobukhulu bokucinywa kombane, uWaymo wagqiba kwelokuba iyeke okwethutyana inkonzo yayo yokuthutha abantu ngaphandle kokuqhuba kwiBay Area. Le nkampani ichaze ukuba ubuchwepheshe bayo benzelwe ukuphatha izibane zendlela ezingasebenziyo njengeendawo zokumisa ezine, kodwa ivumile ukuba ubukhulu besiganeko bubangele ukuba ezinye izithuthi zihlale zimi ixesha elide kunesiqhelo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwendlela yokuwela.

Isithethi senkampani sibonise ukuba ukucima kombane bekuyinto umsitho osasazeke ngokubanzi owenze ukuba uninzi lwezithuthi lungasebenzi kakuhle eSan FranciscoEyona nto iphambili kubo yayikukuqinisekisa ukuba i-robotaxis yabo ihambelana ngokukhuselekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka nemeko-bume eguqukileyo. Ngokutsho kwenkampani, uninzi lohambo olusebenzayo lugqitywe ngaphandle kwengozi ngaphambi kokuba izithuthi zibuyele kwiindawo zokugcina okanye zimiswe ngendlela ekhuselekileyo.

UWaymo wathi unayo isebenzisana ngokusondeleyo noorhulumente basekuhlaleni Le nkampani iye yamisa inkonzo yayo ukususela ngoMgqibelo ebusuku ukuya kuthi ga ngeCawa kusasa. Nangona kunjalo, ayizange ichaze ukuba iza kuqalisa nini ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo okanye ukuba kukho naziphi na izithuthi zayo ezibandakanyeke kwiingozi ngexesha lokucima kwezithuthi.

Kwinkampani, esi siqendu simele umnxeba wobugcisa nodumo: esi siganeko sityhile indlela iimeko ezinokuqikelelwa, ezifana nokucinywa kombane okukhuluBanokuvavanya amaqhinga okusetyenziswa kwezithuthi ezizimeleyo kunye nengqiqo yokwenza izigqibo.

Amajelo eendaba ezobuchwepheshe aqhagamshelane noWaymo ukuze afunde ngakumbi ngayo. izizathu ezichanekileyo zokuvaleka kwe-robotaxis nakwimilinganiselo ecingelwayo yokuthintela ukucinywa kombane kwixesha elizayo okanye ukusilela kweziseko zophuhliso ekubangeleni iimeko ezifanayo zendlela.

UTesla ungena kwingxoxo: umyalezo kaMusk kunye nomahluko ophambili

Phakathi kwengxolo malunga neengxaki zikaWaymo, uElon Musk ungenelele kwinethiwekhi yoluntu u-X ngomyalezo omfutshane kodwa ochukumisayo: "I-Tesla Robotaxis ayizange ichatshazelwe kukucima kombane kwe-SF"Le ngxelo, ngaphaya kwenjongo ecacileyo yokubeka iprofayili nxamnye noWaymo, idale ukudideka malunga nemeko yokwenyani yeenkonzo zikaTesla kwisixeko.

Ngokwenyani, I-Tesla ayikasebenzisi inkonzo ye-robotaxi engenamqhubi ngokupheleleyo. eSan Francisco. Into enika yona yinkqubo yothutho esekelwe kwizithuthi ezixhotyiswe ngephakheji yayo yoncedo lomqhubi ephucukileyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-“FSD (supervised)”. Le nkqubo ifuna ukuba umqhubi ongumntu abe semva kwevili, alungele ukulawula nangaliphi na ixesha.

Abalawuli baseCalifornia, kuquka ISebe leeMoto (i-DMV) Kwaye iKomishini yeeNkonzo zoLuntu karhulumente ikucacisile ukuba iTesla ayinazo iimvume zokwenza uvavanyo okanye ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezingenamqhubi ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwabaphathi bokhuseleko lwabantu kwisihlalo somqhubi.

Nangona kunjalo, iTesla izibeka njengomncintiswano ngqo kumdyarho we-robotaxi, kunye ne-app evumela abasebenzisi Cela uhambo kwizithuthi ezine-FSDOkwangoku, nakwiindawo apho ineemvume zokusebenza ezizimeleyo eziphucukileyo, inkampani iyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa abaqhubi bokhuseleko okanye abaphathi kwiimoto.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini kukuba inkonzo kaWaymo eSan Francisco Ewe, isebenza ngokuzimela ngokupheleleyo, kungekho mntu esihlalweni somqhubi.Kwelinye icala, i-robotaxis kaTesla igcina umaleko wokhuseleko lomntu. Lo mahluko ubalulekile ekuqondeni isizathu sokuba enye iteknoloji "inamathele" xa kukho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo, ngelixa enye igcina ukhetho lokuba umqhubi womntu enze izigqibo ngexesha langempela.

Iifilosofi ezimbini zobuchwepheshe: iikhamera ngokuchasene neemephu zeLiDAR kunye neHD

Umahluko phakathi kweTesla neWaymo awupheleli nje kwimodeli yeshishini okanye kwinqanaba lokuzimela elivunyelwe ngabalawuli; ukwadlulela nakwi indlela yobugcisa esetyenziswa yinkampani nganye "ukubona" ​​indlelaIimoto zeTesla zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiikhamera kunye neenethiwekhi ze-neural ezicubungula imifanekiso ngexesha langempela ukuze zilinganise izigqibo zabantu kwiimeko ezintsha.

Le ndlela yenza ukuba I-Tesla ayisekeli yonke inkqubo yayo kwiimaphu ezineenkcukacha zendalo esingqongileyo.kodwa endaweni yoko kuchazwe ngokuthe ngqo oko “kubonwa ziikhamera.” Ngokwethiyori, le ndlela inokubonelela ngokuguquguquka ngakumbi xa kukho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwiimpawu zendlela, ukuba nje isoftware inokutolika ngokuchanekileyo imeko, nokuba izibane zendlela zicinyiwe okanye iimeko zasezidolophini ezilindelekileyo zitshintsha.

IWaymo, yona, idibanisa Iimephu ze-LiDAR, i-radar kunye ne-HD ezichanekileyo kakhulu ezihlaziywa rhoqo. Le nkqubo yendalo ivumela ukuba ihambe ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo ezaziwayo nezimephiweyo kakuhle, kodwa, njengoko kubonwe kwiSan Francisco blackout, inokuhlangabezana nobunzima xa kukho utshintsho olungalindelekanga olungachazwanga kwiimephu, njengokunqumlana kwemiqondiso okusebenza njengendawo yokuma eneendlela ezine.

Ukucima kombane kuye kwatolikwa ziingcali ezithile njengophawu lokuba ishishini leemoto ezizimeleyo lisafuna ukuphucula. ukuphucula ulawulo lweemeko eziqatha okanye "ezingachazwanga"Kwiimeko apho ingqiqo yenkqubo kufuneka ihlengahlengise ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokubhekisela ngokucacileyo kwidatha yayo yangaphambili, ukukwazi ukusabela kwiziganeko ezingaqhelekanga kodwa eziqikelelweyo kuba yinto ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa uluvo loluntu.

Nokuba kunjalo, zombini ezi ndlela zibonisa ukuba akukho mntu imodeli ekhethekileyo yesalathiso sokuqhuba ngokuzimelaKwaye imakethi ivavanya izisombululo ezahlukeneyo ezijongene novavanyo lwehlabathi lokwenyani ngeziganeko zalo ezingalindelekanga.

Intembeko yoluntu kunye nezifundo zaseYurophu naseSpain

Iingxaki zikaWaymo ngexesha lokucima kombane zenzeke ngexesha apho Indlela uluntu olubona ngayo izithuthi ezizisebenzelayo isalumkele kakhulu.Uphando lwakutshanje olwenziwe yi-American Automobile Association (AAA) lubonise ukuba malunga nesibini kwisithathu sabaqhubi e-United States bathi bayoyika okanye bayathandabuza malunga nengcamango yokwabelana ngemoto eziziqhubayo endleleni.

Abaphandi abagxile ekushukumiseni, njengoBryan Reimer weZiko lezoThutho leMIT, bakholelwa ukuba isiganeko saseSan Francisco sibonisa ukuba Izixeko azikakulungeli ukubakho kwezithuthi ezininzi ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ezitratweni zayo. Ngokwale ndlela, ukuqina kwetekhnoloji kuye kwaqikelelwa kakhulu kwiimeko ezithile, kwaye imfuneko yeenkqubo zokuxhasa abantu iye yancitshiswa.

UReimer ugxininisa ukuba Ukucima kombane kuphakathi kweengozi ezinokwenzeka yaso nasiphi na isixeko esikhulu, ngoko ke izisombululo zokuhamba ezizimeleyo kufuneka zilungele ukuzisingatha ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Indlela yabo ibandakanya ukudibanisa ubukrelekrele babantu kunye noomatshini kunye nokumisela imida ecacileyo ekungeneni okuphezulu kwe-robotaxis kunye nezinye izithuthi ezizenzekelayo kwiindawo ezithile zasezidolophini.

Ngokwembono yaseYurophu, iziqendu ezinje zisebenza njengendawo yokuvavanya yangaphandle kodwa eluncedo kakhulu. I-European Union yenze inkqubela phambili kwizakhelo zolawulo ze iinkqubo zoncedo lokuqhuba oluzenzekelayo kunye noluphucukileyoNangona kunjalo, igcina indlela yokuqapha neyamanqanaba. Amazwe afana neJamani, iFransi, iSpain, kunye namazwe aseNordic avavanya iiprojekthi zovavanyo kwiindawo ezilawulwayo, kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo malunga nolawulo kunye nokuphendula.

ESpain, apho kusekho khona ukusasazwa ngobuninzi kweenkonzo ze-robotaxis okanye ezingenamqhubi kuvulelekile kuluntuAbasemagunyeni bajonga ngokusondeleyo okwenzekayo kwiindawo ezifana neSan Francisco. ICandelo Jikelele leeNdlela kunye nabalawuli bezothutho kuya kufuneka livavanye indlela yokudibanisa iinkonzo zokuhamba ezizimeleyo kwixesha elizayo ngaphandle kokuphinda iimpazamo zangaphambili, ingakumbi malunga nezicwangciso zokuphazamiseka kombane okanye ezinye iimeko ezingxamisekileyo zasezidolophini.

Okwenzekileyo eSan Francisco ngerobhothiksi kaWaymo kunye nomyalezo kaTesla onika amathuba kuye kwacaca ukuba Umdyarho wokuqhuba ngokuzimela usesekwisigaba sokufundaUbuchwepheshe bubonisa inkqubela phambili emangalisayo, kodwa bukwaqhekeka xa imeko-bume iphambuka kwindlela ecwangcisiweyo. Kwizixeko zaseYurophu, ingakumbi eSpain, ebona kude, olu hlobo lweziganeko luqinisa ingcamango yokuba ukuhlanganiswa kweemoto ezingenamqhubi kufuneka kuthethwe ngononophelo, kufuna iinkqubo zokuxhasa abantu kunye neenkqubo ezicacileyo zeemeko zengxaki, ngelixa kuvavanywa ngononophelo ukuba yeyiphi imodeli yobuchwepheshe—iTesla, iWaymo, okanye i-hybrid—ehlangabezana kakuhle nokhuseleko kunye nolindelo lomsebenzisi.

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UAlberto Navarro

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