- Uphononongo olukhulu lwaseYurophu (abantu abangama-86.149, amazwe angama-27) lunxulumanisa ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi kunye nomngcipheko ophantsi wokuguga okukhawulezileyo.
- Isiphumo sedosi-yempendulo: okukhona iilwimi ezisetyenziswayo, kokukhona kukhuselwa; abantu abathetha ulwimi olunye banomngcipheko ophindwe kabini.
- Ukulinganisa kunye "ne-gap yobudala be-biobehavioral" esekelwe kwiimpawu ze-14 kunye neemodeli ze-AI, ukulungiswa kwezinto zentlalo, indalo kunye neelwimi.
- Ukufaneleka kweSpain kunye ne-EU: inkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo yezemfundo kunye nezempilo yoluntu ekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo kweelwimi ezininzi.
Ukuthetha ngaphezu kolwimi olunye yonke imihla kudityaniswa ne ukuguga kancinci ngokwebhayolojiEso sigqibo esiphambili sophando lwamazwe ngamazwe olupapashwe kwiNdalo yokuguga eyahlalutya idatha yabemi baseYurophu kwaye yafumana iphethini ecacileyo: Iilwimi ezininzi zisebenza njengento ekhuselayo ekuwohlokeni ezinxulumene nobudala.
Uphononongo, ngokuthatha inxaxheba okubalulekileyo kumaqela aseSpain, luchaza isiphumo esongezelekayo: Iilwimi ezininzi ezisetyenziswa rhoqoUkhuseleko olukhulu, kokukhona liphezulu inani leelwimi ezithethwayo. Amanani abonisa ukuba abantu abathetha ulwimi olunye banomngcipheko ophezulu kakhulu wokubonisa iimpawu zokuguga okukhawulezileyo.
Sithini isifundo esitsha
Uhlalutyo lubandakanya Abantu abadala abangama-86.149 phakathi kweminyaka engama-51 kunye ne-90 ubudala ukusuka kumazwe angama-27 aseYurophu kwaye bavavanya ukuba iminyaka yabo "yokwenene" (i-biobehavioral) yayiphezulu okanye iphantsi kunokuba ilindelwe ngokusekelwe kwimpilo kunye nendlela yokuphila. Xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abathetha ulwimi olunye, abantu abathetha iilwimi ezininzi babonise, ngokomndilili, malunga nesiqingatha samathuba okubonisa ukwaluphala okukhawulezileyo, idosi-impendulo ubudlelwane icacile.
Phakathi kwezinto ezifunyanisiweyo ezigqwesileyo, iqela libone ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezimbini kwakunxulunyaniswa ne ukunciphisa okuncomekayo komngcipheko ukuguga okukhawulezileyo, okuthe kwanda ngolwimi lweelwimi ezintathu kwaye kwaqhubeka ukukhula ngeelwimi ezine nangaphezulu. Ngamanye amazwi, inzuzo iyanda.
Ababhali babonisa ukuba, kwiimeko zaseYurophu apho ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi kuqhelekileyo, iindlela zempilo Ebudaleni, iziphumo ziba ngcono ngakumbi. Lo mzekelo wawuphindwaphindwa kuwo onke amaqela eminyaka kwisifundo kwaye wabonakala ngakumbi kumaqela amadala.
Yalinganiswa njani iminyaka ye-biobehavioral?
Ukuqikelela umahluko phakathi kwexesha lokulandelelana kunye nebhayoloji, iqela lenze imodeli ye ingqiqo Idibanisa izibonakaliso ze-14 zempilo kunye nokusebenza (uxinzelelo lwegazi, umsebenzi womzimba, ukuzimela, umbono kunye nokuva, phakathi kwabanye). Kuphela inxalenye encinci yale milinganiselo inengqondo engqongqo; "iwotshi" ibonisa into ephilayo iyonke.
Imodeli yahlengahlengiswa ngamanqaku amaninzi ubomi bonke (exposome): inqanaba lentlalontle, ukufuduka, umgangatho womoya, ukungalingani, imeko yentlalontle kunye nomgama phakathi kweelwimi (ukudibanisa iilwimi ezisondeleleneyo akufuni mzamo ofanayo nokudibanisa iinkqubo zolwimi ezahlukeneyo).
I-metric esetyenzisiweyo, eyaziwa ngokuba Umsantsa weminyaka ye-biobehavioralOku kwavumela abaphandi ukuba bahlele ukuba umntu uguga ngokukhawuleza (amaxabiso afanelekileyo) okanye acothise (amaxabiso angalunganga) kunokuba kulindelwe. Ngale ndlela, isiphumo esikhuselayo sokuthethwa kweelwimi ezininzi sahlala emva kwalo lonke uhlengahlengiso.
Iziphumo eziphambili eYurophu naseSpain
Idatha ibonisa ukuba i abathetha ulwimi olunye Banomngcipheko ophindwe kabini wokwaluphala okukhawulezileyo kunabo basebenzisa iilwimi ezininzi. Njengoko inani leelwimi lisanda, amathuba okuguga ngaphaya kweminyaka elindelekileyo ayancipha ngokuthe ngcembe.
Kwimeko yaseYurophu, Phantse i-75% yabantu abakubudala bokusebenza ingxelo bathetha ngaphezu kolwimi olunyeNangona kunjalo, kukho iiyantlukwano zengingqi: Amazwe aseNordic akhokela kumanqanaba eelwimi ezimbiningelixa umzantsi Yurophu usalele ngasemva. ISpain, ngenxa yeyantlukwano yeelwimi, sisifundo esinomdla sokuvavanya impembelelo yokwenyani yobuninzi beelwimi bemihla ngemihla.
Uphando lubandakanya amaziko afana ne Iziko lesiBasque leNgcaciso, ingqondo kunye noLwimi (BCBL) kunye ne-BarcelonaBeta Research Centre. Uphononongo oluthile lulungiselelwa eSpain ukuthelekisa ifuthe leelwimi ezisondeleleneyo (umzekelo, isiCatalan-Spanish) ngokuchasene neelwimi ezikude (umzekelo, isiBasque-Spanish), kunye nezalathisi zokhuseleko olukhulu xa iilwimi zifana ngokucokisekileyo.
Iindlela ezinokwenzeka: ukusuka kwingqondo ukuya emzimbeni
Eyona ngcaciso yamkelwe ngokubanzi yileyo Ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi kufuna ulawulo oluthe gqolo: ukusebenzisa ulwimi olunye, ukuthintela olunye, ukutshintshana kwemithetho, nokulawula uphazamiseko.Olo “qeqesho” luyomeleza uthungelwano lobuchopho lokuqwalaselwa kunye nenkumbulo, kanye abona bantu basesichengeni kukuhamba kwexesha.
Kodwa ayipheli engqondweni. Ukusebenzisa iilwimi ezininzi kwandisa iinethiwekhi zentlalo, kunciphisa uxinzelelo, kwaye kunokukhuthaza ... impilo yentliziyo kunye ne-metabolicIsiphumo kukomelela kwamanqanaba amaninzi: ibhayoloji, ingqondo, kunye nentlalo, kunye neenzuzo zenkqubo.
Iingcali ezizimeleyo zithelekise le nkqubo kunye “indawo yokuzivocavoca ngengqondo"yonke imihla: ngakumbi xa kusetyenziswa uthungelwano lolawulo lweelwimi, luqina ngakumbi, olunceda ukugcina ukusebenza kunye nobudala."
Iimpembelelo kumgaqo-nkqubo woluntu kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla
Ababhali bacebisa ukuba kufakwe i ukufunda nokusebenzisa iilwimi ngenkuthalo kwizicwangciso zempilo yoluntu, ngokuhambelana nomsebenzi womzimba okanye ukutya okunempilo. Ngaphandle kwemeko yesikolo, bacebisa ukudala amathuba okwenene okusetyenziswa kuyo yonke iminyaka.
Ngaphaya koko, babonisa ukuba eminye imisebenzi elucelomngeni-umculo, umdaniso, ubugcisa, ichess, okanye imidlalo yevidiyo ecwangcisiweyo-naye inegalelo ukuguga okunempiloInto ebalulekileyo kukugcina uvuselelo oluzinzileyo lothungelwano lwengqondo kunye nolweemvakalelo.
- Ziqhelise ulwimi kwiimeko zobomi bokwenyani: incoko, ivolontiya, ukufunda kunye nemidiya.
- Ukudibanisa iilwimi ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo kwaye, apho kunokwenzeka, iinkqubo ezikude imingeni ehambisanayo.
- Ukugcina ukusetyenziswa ngexesha: i Ukuphindaphinda kunye nonxibelelwano loluntu kwenza umahluko.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando lunoqwalaselo olukhulu: Ibonisa unxulumano olomeleleyo, hayi unobangela ongathandabuzekiyo womntuImizila yexesha elizayo iya kudibanisa "iiwotshi" ze-biobehavioral kunye iimpawu zebhayoloji zobuchopho (i-neuroimaging / EEG) kunye ne-epigenetics ukukhomba iindlela.
Ubungqina obukhoyo bucebisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi, ngakumbi xa uziqhelanisa ngokukhutheleyo Kwaye igcinwe, isebenza njengento efikelelekayo yokukhuthaza ukuguga okunempilo eYurophu naseSpain, kunye namandla okukhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo kunye nempilo ethatha ithuba le lever yemihla ngemihla.
Ndingumntu othanda itekhnoloji ojike umdla wakhe we "geek" waba ngumsebenzi. Ndichithe ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 yobomi bam ndisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokusika kwaye ndikhenkceza ngazo zonke iintlobo zeenkqubo ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi okumsulwa. Ngoku ndiqeqeshelwe ubugcisa bekhompyutha nakwimidlalo yevidiyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 ndibhalela iiwebhusayithi ezahlukeneyo kwitekhnoloji kunye nemidlalo yevidiyo, ndisenza amanqaku afuna ukukunika ulwazi oludingayo ngolwimi oluqondakalayo kuye wonke umntu.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo, ulwazi lwam lusuka kuyo yonke into enxulumene nenkqubo yokusebenza yeWindows kunye ne-Android yeefowuni eziphathwayo. Kwaye ukuzinikela kwam kukuwe, ndihlala ndikulungele ukuchitha imizuzu embalwa kwaye ndikuncede usombulule nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo kweli lizwe le-intanethi.