Yintoni omawuyijonge xa ​​uthenga ilaptop yeUltra: VRAM, SSD, TDP, kunye nomboniso

¿Yintoni omawuyijonge xa ​​ufuna ukuthenga ilaptop yeUltra? Ukuthenga ilaptop enesiphelo esiphezulu esinqwenela ileyibhile ethi "Ultra" ayikona nje ukuthelekisa amaxabiso. Eyona nto yenza umahluko kukwazi ukuba ngawaphi amacandelo amakajongwe. Ukuze ikhompyuter yakho isebenze njengoko uyilindele namhlanje nakwiminyaka embalwa. Ukuba udlala imidlalo, uhlele ividiyo, wenze i-3D, okanye usebenze ngeeseti zedatha ezinkulu, uya kufuna ulungelelwaniso oluhle phakathi kwemizobo, i-CPU, i-RAM, i-SSD, umboniso, amachweba, kwaye, kubaluleke kakhulu, i-TDP kunye nokupholisa.

Ngaphambi kokungena kwiinkcukacha, kubalulekile ukubeka izinto ezilindelweyo. Ilaptop ye "Ultra" kufuneka idibanise iGPU eneVRAM eyaneleyo, i-SSD ekhawulezayo, imemori yetshaneli ezimbini., umboniso ohambelanayo nento oyenzayo, kunye nolawulo lwe-thermal olungagxininisi ukusebenza. Ukusuka apho, ngumbandela wokuqonda itekhnoloji ephambili kunye nendlela ezidibana ngayo.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ilaptop ibe "Ultra"?

Akukho sitywina sisemthethweni, kodwa kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba "Ultra" ithetha Iigraphics zanamhlanje ezinikezelweyo ezinenkxaso yokulandelela imitha, i-CPU enamandla emininziUbuncinci i-16GB ye-RAM eyandisiweyo, i-NVMe SSD ekhawulezayo, unxibelelwano oluhle, kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokuhlaziya okanye umboniso ophezulu, kuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni kwakho. Ungavumeli ukuba bakukhohlise: onke amacandelo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kufuneka kuhambelane.

Enyanisweni, ukuthetha nge "Ultra" namhlanje kukhokelela ekujongeni I-GPU VRAM, uhlobo lwe-SSD, i-TDP, kunye nomboniso. Inkxaso yendalo ye-hardware kunye nokusasazwa, kunye nokukwazi ukunika amandla ulawulo lwangoku kunye neempawu zokuqalisa ngokukhawuleza kwi-BIOS nazo zongeza amanqaku.

IKhadi leMizobo kunye neVRAM: Intliziyo yokuSebenza okuBonwayo

I-GPU ibalulekile ukuba udlala imidlalo, yenza kwi-3D, okanye usebenzise ii-apps ezikhawuleziswa yi-CUDA, i-OpenCL, okanye efanayo. Okukhona amandla e-GPU, kokukhona ulwazi lwegraphical lubalwa kwaye luboniswe ngomzuzwana., kwaye amava angcono. I-VRAM isitshixo apha: I-6 GB inokusebenzela i-1080p, i-8 GB ikunika i-headroom, kunye ne-12 GB okanye ngaphezulu isebenza ngokumangalisayo kwi-1440p kunye neeprojekthi ezinzima.

Phakathi kwezikhulu ezimbini, I-Nvidia kunye ne-AMD zikhokela ngetekhnoloji yobuniniI-Nvidia izisa i-DLSS ukunyusa amazinga efreyimu nge-AI kunye nokulandelwa kwe-ray ephezulu; I-AMD ibuyekeza ngeFSR kunye neMemori yokuFikelela eSmart, eyenza ukuhamba kwedatha phakathi kweRyzen kunye neRadeon CPUs. Ukuba uza kudlala nge-ray tracing, i-GeForce RTX okanye iRadeon RX 6000 series okanye ngaphezulu ikhethwayo.

Ayiyiyo yonke into edlalwayo: IiGPU ziyakhawulezisa ukuhlela, i-AI, kunye nokusasaza, kunye neemodeli eziphathekayo ezifana I-MSI Claw A8 bonisa indlela yokufumana ibhalansi phakathi kwe-CPU kunye ne-GPU kwizixhobo eziphathwayo.

Iireferensi zamandla uya kubona kakhulu: I-GeForce GTX 1060 okanye i-1660 Super yokungena kwi-solvent, I-RTX 2060/3060 yemidlalo ye-RT ephakathi, kunye namanqanaba aphezulu kunye ne-RTX 3080/3080 Ti/3090 Ti. Kwi-AMD, i-RX 6500 XT ukuqala ngayo, i-RX 6700 XT/6800 XT iqine kakhulu, kunye ne-RX 6900/6950 XT njengephezulu kuluhlu lwesizukulwana sayo.

Ukulandela umkhondo weRay, ubunyani benyani kunye nokusasaza okuphilayo

Umkhondo wemitha ulinganisa ukukhanya ngokwenyani. Sele iyindlela ephambili yemidlalo kunye nokubonwa ngenkxaso yeGeForce RTX kunye neRadeon RX 6000+. Ukuba une-VR engqondweni, gcina iliso kwiimfuno: ii-headsets ezidumileyo ziye zafuna ngokwembali i-GTX 1060 okanye i-RX 480 GPUs njengesiseko, kwaye iphakamileyo yokuguquguquka okulungileyo.

Ukuba uyasasaza, nika ireyithi Iqonga le-NVEC kunye neNvidia yeStudio, okanye isoftware yeAdrenalin ye-AMD, kwaye ubambe izisombululo ezifana Elgato 4K S enciphisa umthwalo kwinkqubo. Bakuvumela ukuba usasaze kwaye ubambe ngempembelelo encinci kumazinga esakhelo; ungafuna ukwandisa i-GPU yakho inotshi ukuba uza kusasaza ngemiboniso entsonkothileyo kunye nemithombo emininzi.

CPU: cores, cache, imiyalelo kunye TDP

I-CPU ibeka isantya kwimisebenzi enzima kunye nemidlalo ebophelelwe yi-CPU. Jonga ii-cores ezininzi ezisebenzayo kunye nokugcinwa kwe-turbo elungileyo kunye nee-caches ezinesisa (L1, L2, L3) ukunciphisa ukulinda kwememori. Uyilo lwangoku njengePanther Lake xhasa izandiso ze-SIMD ezifana ne-SSE kunye ne-AVX ekhawulezisa i-multimedia, i-encryption, okanye i-AI.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-32 kunye ne-64 bits yimbali namhlanje: Iibhithi ezingama-64 zivumela ukujongana nenkumbulo eninzi kunye noluhlu lwamanani amakhulu, inzululwazi esisiseko, oovimba beenkcukacha, okanye ukuhlelwa kwe-8K. Yonke ilaptop ye "Ultra" yangoku yi-x86-64, ke uya kugqunywa.

I-TDP ayiyonombolo yokuhombisa: ibonisa ubushushu ekufuneka isixokelelwano sibuchithe ukugcina ubuninziKwiilaptops, i-TDP ephezulu ifuna i-chassis engcono kunye nokungena komoya; kungenjalo, i-thermal throttling kunye nengxolo iya kwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuba umenzi alinganise isixokelelwano sokupholisa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye unokuqwalasela iiprofayili ze-thermal.

I-RAM: ubuninzi, amajelo kunye ne-latencies

I-RAM ibamba usetyenziso oluninzi kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu. Kwi-"Ultra", i-16 GB isisiseko kwaye i-32 GB icetyiswa kakhulu. Ukuba uhlela ividiyo, uqokelela, okanye usebenza ngeeVMs, nanini na kunokwenzeka, yenza ukuba amajelo amabini aneemodyuli ezifanayo ukuphinda kabini i-bandwidth.

Ukongeza kwisantya, i-CAS latencies ibalulekile: amaxabiso aphantsi anciphisa ukulibazisekaIi-SO-DIMM zisetyenziswa kwiilaptops; ukuba i-RAM iyathengiswa, qiniseka ukuba u-odola umthamo ochanekileyo ukusuka kumzi-mveliso. Kwiindawo ezinzima, imemori ye-ECC ibona kwaye ilungise iimpazamo, nangona oku kungaqhelekanga kwiilaptops zabathengi.

Ukugcinwa: I-NVMe SSD vs. HDD kunye nento okufuneka uyazi

Irigi ethi "Ultra" ifuna i-NVMe SSD yenkqubo kunye neeprojekthi ezisebenzayo. I-NVMe phezu kwe-PCIe ngokucacileyo idlula i-SATA, kwaye zombini yiminyaka elula ngaphambi kwe-HDD. Uyakuqaphela ukuqala ngemizuzwana, ukuvula ii -apps ngaphandle kokulinda, kunye nokubonelela okanye ukuthumela ngaphandle ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.

Nangona kungekho mntu uza kufaka inkqubo ye-HDD kwilaptop yale ligi namhlanje, akwenzi buhlungu ukuqonda iziseko: Iidiski zemagneti zilungelelanisa idatha kwiisilinda, iingoma kunye namacandelo, amandla ayo okuqiqayo asekelwe kwi-MBR okanye kwi-GPT, kwaye idilesi yangoku isebenzisa i-LBA. I-BIOS okanye i-UEFI ibona idiski, iqhube i-POST, ifunde itafile yokwahlula, kwaye inike ulawulo kwicandelo le-boot okanye umphathi wenkqubo yangoku.

Uya kufumana kwakhona izifinyezo zembali: I-IDE okanye i-PATA kunye ne-SATA zichaza ujongano loqhagamshelwanoNamhlanje, i-NVMe phezu kwe-PCIe ngumgangatho wesantya; I-SATA isalungile kugcino oluninzi, kwaye i-USB-C ivumela iidrive eziphathwayo ezibekekileyo zangaphandle kwii-backups okanye imidiya.

Uqhagamshelwano kunye namazibuko: yintoni oza kuyisebenzisa ngokwenene

"I-Ultra" ngaphandle kwamazibuko amahle i-half-baked kuphela. Khangela i-USB 3.x, i-USB-C ene-DisplayPort Alt Mode, kwaye ukuba kuyenzeka, iThunderbolt ii-eGPUs okanye iiRAID zangaphandle. I-HDMI okanye, ngcono noko, i-DisplayPort yeemonitha zesantya esiphezulu. I-RJ-45 2.5 GbE lukhetho olukhulu ukuba udlulisela kakhulu kwinethiwekhi yendawo.

Amafa onokuwabona akhankanyiwe: VGA, DVI, S/PDIF, eSATA, FireWireZiluncedo kulwazi oluphangaleleyo, kodwa ngoku konke malunga ne-USB-C, DP, HDMI, kunye neWi-Fi 6/6E. Ngomsindo, qwalasela imveliso edibeneyo kunye ne-microphone esemgangathweni kwaye, ukuba udala umxholo, ujongano lwe-USB olunikezelweyo.

Bonisa: Isisombululo, Ireyithi yokuhlaziya, kunye nengqiqo eqhelekileyo

Isikrini simisela indlela osebenza ngayo kunye nokudlala ngayo. Kwimidlalo yokhuphiswano, i-1080p kwi-144Hz okanye ngaphezulu yigolide.Ukuhlelwa kunye neenkcukacha, i-1440p okanye i-4K enombala omhle (sRGB okanye i-DCI-P3) ifanelekile. Sukuhlawulela iifps ezininzi ukuba indawo yolawulo ayikwazi ukuyibonisa, okanye ngesisombululo esingaphezulu ukuba kuya kufuneka ulinganise yonke into.

Nceda uqaphele oko Ukulandelwa kweray kunye nezisombululo eziphezulu zifuna i-GPU eninzi kunye neVRAM.I-DLSS okanye uncedo lwe-FSR, kodwa luluvo olulungileyo ukulinganisa isikrini kunye nemizobo ukuze kungabikho mqobo ngenxa yokugqithisa okanye ukungabikho.

Ibhodi yomama, iichipsets, kunye neebhasi: kutheni zibalulekile nokuba ungaziboni

Kwilaptop, awuzukutshintsha i-motherboard, kodwa uyilo lwayo luya kukuchaphazela. I-chipset ilawula ukuhamba phakathi kwe-CPU, i-RAM, i-SSD kunye ne-GPU; yayikade yohlulwa ibe yi-Northbridge kunye ne-southbridge, kwaye namhlanje imisebenzi emininzi ihlala ngaphakathi kwiprosesa ngokwayo. I-PCI Express imisela isantya sekhadi lemizobo kunye ne-SSD; ngakumbi iindlela kunye nenguqulelo yale mihla, ngcono.

I-ATX, i-microATX okanye i-mini-ITX yefom yezinto zisuka kwihlabathi le-desktop, ziluncedo ukuba uza kuseka isikhululo esisisigxina okanye sokusebenza. Ukuba ucinga nge-eGPU okanye iidokhi ezineziphumo ezininziUkwazi indlela yokwahlula phakathi kwe-PCIe x1 kunye ne-x16 slots kunye nokuqaphela izixhumi zangaphakathi kukunceda uqonde iibhotile kunye nokuhambelana.

Kwi-boot, i-BIOS okanye i-UEFI yenza i-POST, ibona imemori kunye nezixhobo, kwaye ifunde iiparameters kwi-CMOS exhaswa yibhetri. I-firmware eyenziwe kakuhle kunye neenketho ezicacileyo kunye nokuqalisa ngokukhawuleza kunika ngaphezu koko kubonakala..

Iintlobo zeememori kunye neemodyuli: izinto ezibalulekileyo ngaphandle kokulahleka

Inkumbulo engundoqo yi-DRAM; I-SRAM isetyenziswa njenge cache ngenxa yokubaleka kwayo okuphantsi. Ngokweemodyuli, ii-DIMMs zigcinelwe iidesktops, ngelixa ii-SO-DIMMs zilawula phezulu kwiilaptops. I-DDR, i-DDR2, i-DDR3, i-DDR4, kunye ne-DDR5 imele izizukulwana ezinesantya esiphezulu kunye nombane ophantsi; kwiinkqubo zangoku, uya kubona i-DDR4 okanye i-DDR5. Ngalo lonke ixesha ujonge amajelo amabini aneemodyuli ezingamawele ukunqanda ukuncama ukusebenza.

Ukuba uhamba ngamakhadi, ukuqaphela iifomati kuyanceda: I-SD kunye ne-SDHC zilawula kwiikhamera kunye neerekhodi, ngeeklasi ezibonisa ubuncinane besantya; kukwakho namakhadi eCompactFlash kunye neMemory Stick asekhona kwizixhobo ezindala okanye ezithile.

Ukugcinwa kwangaphandle, iikopi kunye nemidiya ye-optical

Kwii-backups, i-USB-C elungileyo yangaphandle ye-SSD okanye uluhlu lwe-Thunderbolt RAID luya kusindisa imini. Abo bafuna i-scalability yobuchwephesha banokujonga kwi-iSCSI okanye kwi-Fiber Channel ye-SAN izisombululo., eqhelekileyo kwiistudio zevidiyo okanye iiseva zedatha.

Iidiski ze-Optical zisekhona kwaye zinokuba luncedo kugcino olubandayo okanye ukuhanjiswa. I-CD igcina malunga ne-700 MB enengoma enye ejikelezayoIiDVD zinyuka ziye kwi-17 GB edibanisa amacala kunye neengqimba, kwaye i-Blu-ray inikezela nge-25 GB ngomqolo ngamnye, i-50 GB ye-double-layer, kunye nangaphezulu kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje ezininzi. Ukuba utshisa iidiski, zicoce nge-radially kwaye uphephe imichiza eyingozi.

Ujongano kunye neendlela zokudlulisa eziya kuvakala ziqhelekile kuwe

I-IDE okanye i-Parallel ATA isetyenziswe iintambo ezibanzi kunye ne-PIO kunye ne-DMA modes; I-UDMA yazisa amaxabiso ukuya kuthi ga kwi-133 MB/s emva komhlaI-SATA yafika kunye ne-1.5, 3, kunye ne-6 Gb / s; namhlanje, PCIe kunye NVMe ukuphakamisa bar izihlandlo eziliqela phezulu. Kwi-BIOS, idilesi ye-LBA ithathe indawo ye-CHS ukoyisa imida yamandla akudala.

Nokuba ngoku usebenza neNVMe kunye ne-USB-C, Ukuba nalo mxholo kukunceda uxilonge, ukhethe iidokhi, kwaye uqonde ukuba kutheni ezinye iimeko zinciphisa ukusebenza kwangaphandle drives.

Iimodeli kunye noluhlu: ukubeka okulindelweyo

Xa uziqhelanisa, cinga ngokweeklasi ze-GPU kunokuba amagama elaptop achanekileyo. I-GTX 1060 okanye i-1660 Super imele isiseko sokudlala kwi-1080p, i-RTX 2060 okanye i-3060 sele ivumela i-RT nge-tweaks; I-RTX 3080 okanye i-3080 Ti ibhabha kwi-1440p, kunye ne-3090 Ti isilwanyana se-4K kunye nokudala. Kwi-AMD, i-RX 6500 XT iyisiqalo esihle, i-6700 XT kunye ne-6800 XT ziyakwazi kakhulu, kwaye i-6900/6950 XT iphawula isilingi yesizukulwana sabo. Dlulisa loo mbono kwihlabathi eliphathwayo ngokulinganayo.

Kwi-ecosystem, sukuyijongela phantsi isoftware: I-Nvidia Studio okanye i-AMD Adrenalin yenza umehluko ekuzinzeni, abaqhubi, kunye nezixhobo zokudala.

Uyilo lwe-Thermal, ingxolo kunye ne-chassis

Ngamandla afanayo, lowo upholisa eyona ilungileyo uyaphumelela. I-heatsink enemibhobho yobushushu enesisa kunye nabalandeli bomgangatho ababini baxhasa i-turbo yokwenyani kwaye kuthe cwaka. Iiprofayili ze-thermal Customizable kunye nokungena komoya ococekileyo ukwandisa ubomi benkqubo. I-TDP inkqubo inokugcina iyahlula i-"Ultra" yokwenyani.

I-BIOS, i-boot, kunye nezahlulo: izinto ezincinci ezixatyisiweyo

I-firmware elungileyo ikuvumela ukuba wenze i-UEFI boot, ulawulo lwabalandeli, iiprofayili zamandla, kunye nenkxaso ye-NVMe ephezulu. Iitheyibhile zezahlulo ze-GPT zinqanda imida ye-MBR yakudala kwaye uvumele imiqulu emikhulu. Ukuba ujonga iidiski kwi Linux, i fdisk -l umyalelo dwelisa izahlulelo kunye nobukhulu ngaphandle kweengxaki.

Amazibuko amadala kunye nezinto eziluncedo

Ukuba uvela kwiikhompyuter ezindala, uya kuqhelana ne-PS/2 yekhibhodi kunye nemouse, i-serial kunye nezibuko ezihambelanayo, I-AGP yeegraphics phambi kwePCIe, kunye nefloppy drivesZiyimbali ngoku, kodwa ukuqonda injongo yazo kunceda ukugcina ukuhambelana nezixhobo ezindala ngeeadaptha ezichanekileyo.

Uluhlu olukhawulezayo lokujonga phambi kokuthenga

Ke akukho nto uyiphosayo, jonga oku: Ibhalansi phakathi kweGPU, CPU kunye nomboniso, iVRAM eyaneleyo kwisisombululo sakho, i-NVMe SSD njenge-primary drive, i-16-32 GB ye-RAM ye-double-channel RAM, izibuko zanamhlanje, kunye nokupholisa okuhambelana ne-TDP. Yongeza ibhetri efanelekileyo ukuba uhamba kunye netshaja ehlangeneyo ukuba usendleleni.

• Ikhadi lemizobo elinikezelweyo langoku eline-8GB ye-VRAM okanye ngaphezulu kwi-1440p kunye ne-ray tracing; I-DLSS okanye inkxaso yeFSR ngokuxhomekeke kwi-brand.
• I-CPU yanamhlanje ene-multi-core, i-cache enesisa, kunye nemiyalelo ye-AVX; i-TDP esonjululwe kakuhle kunye nokuchithwa kokugcina i-turbo.
• I-RAM ephindwe kabini, i-NVMe SSD yenkqubo kunye neeprojekthi; ukhetho ukongeza i-SSD yesibini ukuba i-chassis ivumela.
• Umboniso ohambelana nokusetyenziswa kwakho: isisombululo esiphezulu se-1080p sokhuphiswano okanye isisombululo esiphezulu kunye nombala wokudala; yale mihla i-USB-C, i-DP, kunye namazibuko e-HDMI.

Nanini na xa uthelekisa iilaptops ze "Ultra" ozithandayo, umbuzo malunga nomda ozinzileyo we-thermal kunye nomgangatho wee-VRM, kuba kulapho i-GPU kunye ne-CPU yokusebenza kwenyani ingena khona, okanye i-specs nje. Ngezi zinto engqondweni, uya kuba nombono ocacileyo wento omawuyijonge ngaphaya kwexabiso kunye nendlela yokubeka phambili oko kuzisa ixabiso ngokwenene.