Yintoni iMishini yeGenesis kwaye kutheni ikhathaza iYurophu?

Umnxeba Genesis MissionLe projekthi, esandul' ukuphehlelelwa yi-White House, ibe ngundoqo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano yamazwe ngamazwe ngobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, isayensi, kunye namandla ezopolitiko. Injongo yeprojekthi kuku cwangcisa ngokutsha indlela ulwazi lwenzululwazi oluveliswa ngayo eMelika, kunye nokwandisa, ukuya ukuseta isantya sehlabathi liphela kugqatso lolawulo lwethekhinoloji yehlabathi.

Ngoxa eWashington kukho intetho a inyathelo elilinganayo neziganeko ezinkulu zenkulungwane yama-20EYurophu—ingakumbi eSpeyin—abantu baqwalasela ngomxube womdla, ukulumka, yaye abanye abakhathali ukuba oku kwenzeka njani. Ukuzinikela okukhulu kwi-AI kusetyenziswe kwisayensi Inokuphinda ichaze ukuba ngubani okhokela uqoqosho lolwazi kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.

Yintoni ngokwenene uMshini weGenesis?

I-Genesis Mission ngumyalelo wesigqeba osayinwe nguMongameli wase-US uDonald Trump ophakamisayo umzamo wesizwe olungelelanisiweyo wokusebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kwisayensiUlawulo ngokwalo luyichaza njengeprojekthi "efanayo ngokungxamisekileyo nangomnqweno neManhattan Project," inkqubo eyimfihlo eyakhokelela kwibhombu yokuqala yeathomu, kwaye "olona hlanganiso lukhulu lwemithombo yenzululwazi yomanyano ukusukela kwinkqubo yeApollo".

Le ayisiyo ilabhoratri entsha okanye iziko lophando elizimeleyo, kodwa endaweni yoko idatha, ikhompyutha, kunye nolwakhiwo lwentsebenziswano eyilelwe ukuguqula inkqubo yezenzululwazi yase-US.

Ingcamango ephantsi kukudala uhlobo "ingqondo yenzululwazi" yesizwe: ukudibanisa zonke iinkcukacha zenzululwazi eziveliswe ngeemali zikawonke-wonke zibe yiqonga elinye, lizidibanise namandla eekhompyutha ezinkulu zeSebe lezaMandla, kunye nokongeza amandla ophando kwiiyunivesithi, iilabhoratri zelizwe, kunye neenkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe.

Injongo echaziweyo yile ukukhawulezisa okufunyenweyo kwiinkalo ezifana ne-biomedicineamandla, imathiriyeli entsha, iirobhothi, okanye i-quantum computing, usebenzisa Imifuziselo ye-AI ekwinqanaba eliphezulu ekwaziyo ukufumanisa iipateni, ukucebisa iingqikelelo, kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo kwisikali esingenakwenzeka kumaqela abantu. ngokwabo.

Ngokwamazwi abaququzeleli bayo, ubukhulu beprojekthi bunokubangela ukuba kube yinto yokwenene “Utshintsho kushishino lolwazi”Ngokudibanisa amashumi eminyaka edatha esasazekileyo kunye nokudibanisa kunye namandla amakhulu kunye nemodeli ye-AI ye-state-of-art, injongo kukunciphisa kakhulu amaxesha ophando lwezenzululwazi: into ethatha iminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka ukuyifumanisa ingancitshiswa, ubuncinane ngokwethiyori, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.

Iqonga eliphakathi kwinkonzo ye-AI

Umyalelo wesigqeba uchaza a iqonga federal intsebenziswano karhulumente-abucala ebeka iinkampani ezinkulu zetekhnoloji entliziyweni yeprojekthi. Iinkampani ezifana ne-OpenAI, i-Google, iMicrosoft, iMeta, i-Anthropic, i-Nvidia, kunye ne-SpaceX ziphakathi kwamaqabane akhethwayo, zombini ukufaka igalelo kwiziseko zophuhliso lwekhompyutha kunye nobuchwepheshe be-AI kunye nokuphuhlisa usetyenziso oluphezulu lwesayensi ngokusekelwe kwisizukulwana esilandelayo kunye nabancedisi.

Isicwangciso sibandakanya ukudibanisa iidathabheyisi zesayensi ezixhaswa ngurhulumente Kwaye ngokubeka embindini amandla ekhompyuter ye-17 US National Laboratories, kunye namaziko edatha aqhutywa ziinkampani ezinkulu kwicandelo. Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukugxininisa inxalenye enkulu yedatha yeqhinga lase-US-ukusuka kwiiprojekthi zezempilo kunye ne-biotechnology ukuya kukulinganisa kwemozulu, uphando lwamandla, kunye novavanyo lwe-physics yamandla aphezulu-kwi-architecture ye-AI enye.

Esi siseko sitsha siya kuxhomekeka kwisizukulwana esilandelayo se Iiarhente ze-AI kunye nabancedisiEzi nkqubo ziyakwazi ukwenza ulandelelwano lwemisebenzi enzima ngongenelelo oluncinci lomntu. Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke-njengokulawula ugcino okanye iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa ngokuzenzekelayo-ziya kuthunyelwa kwiindawo ezinempembelelo ephezulu: ukuyila amachiza amatsha, ukufumanisa i-catalysts zoshishino, ukulungelelanisa uthungelwano lwamandla, kunye nokuqikelelwa kweentlekele zendalo, phakathi kwezinye iindawo.

Lo myalelo ngokwawo uthi kuya kuba ngurhulumente wobumbano Khetha iinkampani eziza kuthatha inxaxhebaUkumisela ukufikelela kwidatha kunye neziseko zophuhliso kwaye uchaze imigaqo-nkqubo malunga nepropati yengqondo, iilayisenisi, iimfihlo zorhwebo, kunye neendlela zorhwebo zeziphumo. Ngale ndlela, iMishini yeGenesis ikwasebenza njenge umgaqo-nkqubo wemizi-mveliso onamandla, esongelwe kwintetho yokhuseleko lwesizwe, eqinisa isikhundla seenkampani ezimbalwa kwaye ihlanganise impembelelo yazo kwi-ecosystem yaseMelika yezenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe.

Umdyarho ngokuchasene neTshayina kunye nomngcipheko woxinzelelo lwamandla

IMishini yeGenesis yenziwe ngokuphandle ngaphakathi ukhuphiswano lobuchule ne China kulawulo lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Umyalelo ngokwawo ucacisa oku: I-United States izibona ikugqatso lobunkokeli behlabathi kwi-AI kwaye ibona inyathelo njengempendulo kwinkqubela phambili ekhawulezileyo yesigebenga saseAsia, kokubini kwimveliso yesayensi kunye namalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza, kunye nerobhothi, ukuhamba okuzimeleyo, kunye neenkqubo ze-AI ezidityaniswe kushishino kunye neziseko.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-China ifake amakhulu amawaka eerobhothi zamashishini ezixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo ezikrelekrele kwaye iphuhlise imodeli ye-AI ethi, ngokutsho kwabanye abahlalutyi, Baye benza njenge-teknoloji "Sputnik". ngokubonisa ukuba izakhiwo ezivulekileyo zinokudlula ezivaliweyo. Izithintelo ezibekwe kwizazinzulu zaseTshayina kunye neenkampani zikhuthaze ukomelezwa kwenkqubo yokuzimela eyoneleyo yendalo yazo, ngoku ekhuphisana entloko nabadlali abakhulu baseMelika nabaseYurophu.

Kuloo mongo, iMishini yeGenesis itolikwa njengohlobo lwe hlanganisa kwakhona izixhobo zoluntu nezabucala Ukugcina inzuzo yase-US kwaye, ngengozi, ukugcina uqoqosho oluxhomekeke kakhulu kutyalo-mali oluqikelelwayo kwi-AI. Iinkampani ezisixhenxe eziphambili zetekhnoloji zilawula i-capitalization yemalike yelizwe neyehlabathi, ngoqingqo-maxabiso oluye lwenyuka ngokuthe ngqo ngenxa yokubheja kwabo kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye namaziko edatha amakhulu abawakhayo. Ingxaki kukuba inxalenye ebalulekileyo yolu tyalo-mali ayikaguqulelwa kwiingeniso ezicacileyo, ezichazwa ziingcali ezininzi njengeqamza elitsha elikhumbuza iqamza le-dot-com.

Ngaphaya komgangatho wezoqoqosho, iprojekthi ivula umphambili obuthathaka: ugxininiso lwenzululwazi kunye namandla edatha ezandleni zenani elincinane kakhulu labadlali. Nabani na olawula iqonga le-Genesis Mission, abanye abahlalutyi bayaphikisana, baya kulawula oko kuphandwayo, oko kubekwe phambili, kunye nezinto ezihlala zifihliwe. Kwaye kwihlabathi apho ulwazi luyeyona injini yezoqoqosho kunye ne-geopolitical, loo mandla okwenza izigqibo ubukhulu becala alingana nokulawula iilevers eziphambili zamandla ehlabathi.

Izilumkiso malunga nolawulo, ukungafihlisi kunye nokuziphatha

Amazwi avela kwizifundiswa kunye noluntu lwenzululwazi lwamazwe ngamazwe sele eqalisile ukugxila kwimingcipheko ye idatha esembindini kunye neqonga le-mega le-AI ukuba kuxhomekeke kwimicimbi yezopolitiko neyoshishino yelizwe elinye. Uloyiko kukuba, phantsi kwesithembiso sokufikelela kulwazi ngedemokhrasi, eyona ngqwalasela inkulu yamandla enzululwazi kwimbali yakutsha nje iya kuphelela ekubeni idityaniswe, ibe namandla okukhokela i-ajenda yophando yehlabathi.

Ababhali abaye bafunda i ubukrelekrele obuhlangeneyo kunye neenkqubo ezisasazwayo Babonisa ukuba xa ulwazi lugxininiswe kwizandla ezimbalwa, izithuba ezinzulu zivuleka phakathi kwabo balawula idatha kunye nabo baxhomekeke kuyo.Esikhundleni sokukhuthaza i-ecosystems evulekileyo kunye nentsebenziswano, umngcipheko udala "iintlango zolwazi" kwimimandla emikhulu yeplanethi, apho amaziko angenako ukufikelela okwenyani kwiidatha kunye namandla ekhompyutheni afunekayo ukuze akhuphisane kwinqanaba lokudlala.

Ngokwembono yendlela yenzululwazi, imibuzo esisiseko nayo iyavela. Inzululwazi ayikho malunga nokufumana iipateni kuluhlu olukhulu lwedatha; iyafuna Khangela izinto ezingaqhelekanga, buza iintelekelelo zangaphambili, khetha phakathi kweethiyori ezikhuphisanayo kunye nokuqinisekisa uluntu lweengcali ngengxoxo evulekileyo kunye nokuhlolwa koontanga. Ukutshintshela amandla amaninzi okwenza izigqibo kwiinkqubo ze-AI ze-opaque, eziqeqeshwe kuphando lwangaphambili, kunokomeleza amasimi asekiweyo kwaye kugqume iingcamango ezivelayo, eziqala ngedatha encinci, ukucaphula okumbalwa, kunye nenkxaso-mali encinci.

Abaphandi abafana no-Akhil Bharwaj babonisa ukuba amabali amakhulu empumelelo kwi-AI yesayensi, njenge-AlphaFold kwi-biology yesakhiwo, isebenza ngenxa yokuba. Zidityanisiwe kwi-ikhosistim ekhokelwa ngabantuapho amaqela abantu abeka iliso, aqinisekise, kwaye alungise. Isindululo sabo sicacile: IGenesis Mission ifanele icinge nge-AI njengesixhobo esinamandla sokunceda uluntu lwezenzululwazihayi njengomqhubi wenqwelo-moya owenza izigqibo malunga nokuba yintoni emayiphandwe, indlela yokutolika iziphumo, okanye into enokuguqulelwa kumgaqo-nkqubo woluntu.

Ngokufanayo, iingcali kwi-nanotechnology kunye nokudluliselwa kweteknoloji zigxininisa ukuba isigqibo sokugqibela malunga nento emayiphandwe kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa iziphumo kufuneka ihlale ezandleni zabantu. Ukwabela imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kwiimodeli ezingacacanga kunokukhuthaza iimpazamo ezifihlakeleyo, “imibono” yenzululwazi, okanye ucalucalulo oluthi lwakuba lusasazwe kuncwadi, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukululungisa. Ukunyuka kwento ebizwa ngokuba "I-AI Slop"—umxholo wesayensi ongekho semgangathweni ophantsi owenziwe yi-AI— ubonisa ubukhulu bengxaki."

Ukujongana nale meko, isisombululo esicetywa zizazinzulu ezininzi sibandakanya ukomeleza Vula isayensi, ukulandeleka, kunye nophicotho oluzimeleyo yeenkqubo ze-AI ezisetyenziswa kuphando. Kufunwa ukuba imifuziselo, iinkcukacha, kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa kwezigqibo ziphicotheke, kunye nemithetho ecacileyo yolawulo loluntu kunye neendlela ezisebenzayo zolawulo lwedemokhrasi, ukuze umdla wabucala ungabinako ukunyanzelisa i-ajenda yabo ngokuthula phezu kokulunga komntu wonke.

Impendulo yaseYurophu: imodeli yayo yesayensi ye-AI

EYurophu, ukuphehlelelwa koBushicilelo beGenesis kulawule ingxoxo malunga nendima yelizwekazi kugqatso lwehlabathi lwe-AI. Kubaphandi abafana UJavier García Martínez, umalathisi weMolecular Nanotechnology Laboratory kwiYunivesithi yaseAlicante kunye nogunyaziwe wamazwe ngamazwe wokudluliselwa kobugcisa, “IYurophu ayikwazi ukukwazi ukuwela emva, kuba ikamva lethu lezoqoqosho lixhomekeke kubunkokeli kwi-AI.Inqaku, uyacacisa, akuyikukopa inyathelo laseMelika, kodwa ukuyila icebo elikhulu laseYurophu elihambelana neenqobo zalo.

IKhomishini yaseYurophu sele iqalile ukwenza intshukumo ngemephu yendlela enemacala amabini: kwelinye icala, Ukwandisa i-AI kumashishini kunye nolawulo loluntu; enye, ukwenza iYurophu ibe yindawo enamandla yesayensi eqhutywa yi-AIUndoqo weli candelo lezenzululwazi yiRAISE, iziko lenyani elinikwe umsebenzi wokulungelelanisa idatha, amandla ekhompyuter, kunye netalente ukuze Abaphandi baseYurophu banokwenza uninzi lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kwimimandla efana nempilo, imozulu, okanye amandla.

Isicwangciso soluntu sibona kwangaphambili utyalo-mali lwe I-58 yezigidi zeerandi ukutsala nokugcina iingcali ze-AI, ngaphezu kwe-600 yezigidi ukuphucula ukufikelela kubaphandi kunye nokuqalisa kwii-supercomputers kunye nekamva "ii-AI gigafactories", kunye Ukuphindwa kabini komzamo we-AI wonyaka ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yeHorizon Europe, que Oku kuya kudlula i-3.000 yeebhiliyoni zee-euroEnye yezinto eziphambili ezikhankanyiweyo kukuchonga izikhewu zedatha yeqhinga kunye nokwakha iiseti zedatha ezikumgangatho ophezulu ekufuneka i-AI yesayensi ibe luncedo kwaye ithembekile.

UGarcía Martínez, owaququzelela ingxelo Imephu yendlela yokwenza izinto ezintsha ngamaxesha anzima (INTEC 2025) KwiSiseko seRafael del Pino, kugxininiswe ukuba i-AI ibe sisiseko seendawo ezininzi zophando amashumi eminyaka. Ukusuka kwiiteleskopu ezinkulu ukuya kwii-accelerator zamasuntswana, amaqela enzululwazi Bavelisa umthamo ongalawulekiyo wedatha ngaphandle kwe-algorithms ephucukileyoevumela ukufumana iipateni, ukulinganisa iimeko ezinzima, kunye nokukhawulezisa utshintsho olusuka kwizinto ezifunyenweyo ukuya kwintengiso.

Imizekelo iyaphindaphindeka: enkosi kwi-AI, i-abaucine ifunyenwe, enye yee-antibiotics ezimbalwa ezikwazi ukulwa enye ye-superbugs nto leyo i-WHO iyithatha njengesoyikiso esibalulekileyo ngenxa yokunganyangeki kumachiza asele ekhona. Kwinkalo yezixhobo, iinkampani ezifana neKebotix kunye nefemu yaseJamani i-ExoMatter zisebenzisa iimodeli ze-AI ezixela kwangaphambili ukuchonga izinto ezibangela ushishino, ezithi ke zilayisenisi ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkampani, zinciphisa kakhulu imijikelo yokutsha. Ezi ntlobo zamatyala zibonisa ukuba i-AI ayikhawulezi nje ukufunyanwa kwezenzululwazi kodwa yomeleza ukukhuphisana kwabo badibanisa kwiinkqubo zabo.

Indima yaseSpain kunye nesidingo solungelelwaniso

Kwinguqulelo enokwenzeka yaseYurophu yeGenesis Mission, ISpain ingadlala indima ebalulekileyoUbukho beziseko ezingundoqo ezikumgangatho wehlabathi, ezinje ngeMareNostrum 5 eBarcelona, ​​​​ubeka ilizwe kwindawo enenzuzo yokuba yenye yezona ndawo ziphambili zothungelwano lwe-AI lwaseYurophu olusetyenziswa kwisayensi. Oku kuya kunika amaqela aseSpain kunye naseYurophu ukufikelela kwizixhobo zokusebenza zekhompyuter, eziyimfuneko ekukhuphisaneni neeprojekthi ezinkulu zaseMelika naseTshayina.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba neekhompyuter ezinkulu akwanelanga. Owona mceli mngeni, njengoko iingcali ezininzi zisitsho, kukuba ukulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo izibonelelo, italente kunye nesakhono senzululwaziIYurophu inabaphandi abakwinqanaba eliphezulu, iiyunivesithi ezikhokelayo kunye namaziko etekhnoloji yokulinganisa, kodwa ihlala inengxaki yokuqhekeka, i-bureaucracy egqithisileyo kunye nobunzima bokuhambisa izinto ezifunyenweyo ukusuka kwilebhu ukuya kwicandelo lemveliso ngesantya esifunwa lukhuphiswano lwehlabathi.

Intatheli kunye nengcali yokuziphatha ye-AI Idoia Salazar, umququzeleli we-Observatory yeNtlalo kunye ne-Ethical Impact ye-Artificial Intelligence (OdiseIA), igxininisa ukuba "kuya kuba yinto engekho mthethweni ukuba ungayisebenzisi ngokupheleleyo" ye-AI esetyenziswe kwiidatha zaseYurophu. Njengoko echaza, IYurophu inamandla obugcisa, iziseko zophuhliso, kunye nelifa lemveli elixabisekileyo enokuba sisikhokelo esisebenzayo sokukhuthaza isayensi ethembekileyo. Kodwa ukufezekisa oku, uyalumkisa, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa imiqobo kunye ne-bureaucracy ezisathintela iiprojekthi ezininzi, kunye nokuzibophezela ngokucacileyo kwi-AI eyomeleza umgangatho wesayensi yelizwekazi.

I-Salazar kunye nezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba impumelelo yeqhinga laseYurophu ixhomekeke ulwakhiwo olusebenzayo lolawuloekwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa nesantya apho i-AI ivela khona. Iimodeli zangoku, ezisekelwe kwiinkqubo zemveli kakhulu, umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli ukuba awuhlaziywa ngokukhawuleza. Kwimeko apho ii-arhente ze-AI ziya kuzimela ngakumbi ekwenzeni imisebenzi entsonkothileyo, izikhokelo zolawulo kunye nezolawulo azinakukwazi ukuhlala zisemva ngamanyathelo amaninzi.

Ukusingise kuthumo lwehlabathi, oluvulelekileyo nolulawulwa ngokwedemokhrasi

Ngokwahlukileyo kwindlela yaseMelika, ephawulwe ngokubekwa kwindawo ephakathi kunye nobunkokeli beenkampani ezinkulu ezimbalwa, abaphandi abaninzi baseYurophu baphikisa ukuba uthumo lolwazi lwehlabathi olusekwe kwi-AI kufuneka lube. evulekileyo, esebenzisanayo, enatyisiweyo kwaye iyasebenzisanaEndaweni ye-megaplatform yelizwe elinye, Bazibophelele kuthungelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe olubandakanya iilabhoratri, iiyunivesithi, amaziko oluntu, kunye noluntu lwenzululwazi ukwabelana ngedatha phantsi kwemigangatho efanayo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ezisasaziweyo.

Le modeli ingafanelana ngcono nesiko laseYurophu isayensi evulekileyo, ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo asisiseko kunye nolawulo lwedemokhrasiIngcinga ayikokulahla amabhongo okanye isikali, kodwa kukwakha enye indlela edibanisa amandla e-AI kunye nezikhuselo eziqinileyo zokungafihli, ukongamela, kunye nokusasazwa ngokulinganayo kweenzuzo. Oku kuthetha, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba izigqibo eziphambili malunga nezinto eziphambili zophando, ukusetyenziswa kwedatha ebuthathaka, okanye ukuthengiswa kweziphumo akufanele kushiywe kuphela ezandleni zeqela elincinci leenkampani okanye urhulumente omnye.

Ngokungafaniyo nendlela yaseMelika, ebonwa ngabaninzi njenge "nantoni na ihamba" apho Imigca ebomvu ayisoloko icacile.IYurophu inethuba lokubonelela ngendlela eyahlukileyo, ukuzoba kumava ayo olawulo kunye nenkcubeko exabisa ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokutsha kunye namalungelo. Ukufezekisa oku, amanyathelo okuqala e-AI yenzululwazi yaseYurophu kufuneka afune iinkqubo ezicacileyo, ezinokulandeleka, kunye nokuphicothwa, kunye nemithetho yomdlalo kufuneka ithintele umdla wabucala ekuphembeleleni ngokufihlakeleyo i-ajenda yehlabathi.

Kuzo zombini i-US naseYurophu, isitshixo siya kuba yileyo Vumela abantu banike ulwalathiso, injongo kunye nesikhokelo sokuziphatha kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Ukuba iMishini yeGenesis iphelela ekubeni isebenze njengenkuthazo kwihlabathi liphela ukuba lilandele iiprojekthi ze-AI ezivuleleke ngakumbi, ezinoxanduva, kunye nentsebenziswano yenzululwazi, uluntu lunokuba semngciphekweni wokutsiba okusemgangathweni kumandla alo okuqonda nokuguqula ubunyani. Ukuba, kwelinye icala, iba ngumqondiso omtsha wamandla agxininisiweyo kunye nokungalingani ekufikeleleni kulwazi, umngcipheko kukuba i-revolution enkulu elandelayo yezobuchwepheshe iya kushiya abaninzi ngasemva kunokuba sicinga.