Uhlaziyo lweNgcaciso aluphumelelanga: Izizathu, izisombululo, kunye neengozi

Iingxaki ezinxulumene ne aluphumelelanga uhlaziyo lwengcaciso I-Antivirus kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela yintloko eqhelekileyo kubasebenzisi basekhaya, abalawuli benkqubo, kunye namashishini abo bonke ubukhulu.

Ukugcina iikhompyuter zakho zikhuselwe kwizoyikiso zamva nje kuxhomekeke ekuhlaziyeni ngokufanelekileyo iinkcazelo zentsholongwane. Le yinkqubo ebonakala ilula, kodwa inokuphazanyiswa yimiba eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa kunye noqwalaselo. Kweli nqaku siza kubona Ziziphi iinkcazo ze-antivirus? y kutheni uhlaziyo lwakho lungaphumeleliSikwaphonononga imingcipheko enxulumeneyo, iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuhlangabezana nazo, kunye nendlela yokwenza ulawulo lolu hlaziyo.

Ziziphi iinkcukacha ezihlaziyiweyo kwaye kutheni zibalulekile?

Las antivirus iinkcazelo ziifayile ezibandakanya iinkcazo, iipateni kunye neesignitsha zedijithali ze iintsholongwane, iiTrojani kunye nezinye iintlobo zesoftware enobungozi Eyangoku kungekudala. Abathengisi bokhuseleko bakhupha iinkcazo ezintsha rhoqo, ngamanye amaxesha amaxesha amaninzi ngemini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isoftware yokhuseleko iyakwazi ukuqaphela kunye nokunciphisa izoyikiso ezivelayo.

Ngaphandle kohlaziyo oluthe gqolo lwezi ngcaciso, zombini iikhompyuter kunye nothungelwano luphela lushiywe zisesichengeni sosulelo olunokwenzeka, akukhathaliseki nokuba ihambele phambili kangakanani okanye ihlaziywe kangakanani na injini ye-antivirus.

Ukuhlaziya ezi nkcukacha zentsholongwane ke ngoko a umsebenzi osisiseko wokhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity nakwesiphi na isixhobo okanye imeko-bume yenethiwekhi. Xa olu hlaziyo lusilela okanye luphazamisekile, ikhomputha yakho iba semngciphekweni wokungabhaqi izoyikiso ezintsha, iququzelele usulelo olunokubakho, ukubiwa kwedatha, ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga, okanye ukusasazwa kohlaselo oluntsonkothileyo (olufana neransomware).

Oonobangela abaphambili bokungaphumeleli kohlaziyo lwengcaciso

Iimpazamo xa uhlaziywa iinkcazo zinokubakho ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ukuchonga umthombo wengxaki ngundoqo ekusebenziseni isisombululo esifanelekileyo. Ezinye ze ezininzi izizathu rhoqo ichongwe kwiiforam zenkxaso zeMicrosoft kunye namava omlawuli wenkqubo ngala:

• Iingxaki zoqhagamshelo kwi-Intanethi: Ukuba ikhomputha yakho ayinalo uxhulumaniso oluzinzileyo okanye unxibelelwano kunye neeseva zomboneleli luthintelwe, ukukhuphela kwenkcazo kunokusilela okanye kuphazamiseke.
• Iisethingi ezingalunganga zesikhangeli: Ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo zeWindows, ukudityaniswa kwe-antivirus kunye ne-Internet Explorer kunokuchaphazela inkqubo yohlaziyo ukuba kukho iingxabano okanye isiphequluli asilungiswanga ngokuchanekileyo.
• Umhla kunye nexesha elingalunganga kwisixhobo: Iiseva ezininzi zohlaziyo zifuna umhla wenkqubo kunye nexesha ukuba zichaneke. Ukulibaziseka okuncinci kunokubangela ukuba ukhuphelo lwaliwe, ukubonisa iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-0x80072f8f.
• Iifayile ezonakeleyo kwifolda yokuhanjiswa kwesoftware: Ugcino lohlaziyo lwethutyana lungonakala, luthintele iinkcazelo ezintsha ekubeni zifakwe okanye zikhutshelwe.
• Iinkonzo ezinxulumene noHlaziyo lweWindows: Ukuba iinkonzo zohlaziyo aziqali ngokuchanekileyo okanye zivaliwe, iinkcazelo aziyi kukhutshelwa kwaye zifakwe ngokuzenzekelayo.
• Isoftware yeantivirus yakudala okanye impixano phakathi kwezisombululo zokhuselekoUkuqhuba iinkqubo ezininzi zokhuseleko ngexesha elifanayo kunokuthintela iinkqubo zokuhlaziya kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko weempazamo ezithile.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nemiyalezo enxulumene nokusilela kohlaziyo

Xa uhlaziyo lwenkcazo yentsholongwane lusilela, inkqubo ikholisa ukubonisa imiyalezo enje:

• Uhlaziyo alukwazanga ukusetyenziswa.
• Uhlaziyo lwenkcazelo alunakujongwa, lukhutshelwe, okanye lufakwe.
• Uhlaziyo alufakelwanga ngokuzenzekelayo njengoko lucwangcisiwe.
• Imposiso 0x80072f8f (enxulumene nomhla/ixesha elingachanekanga)

Ngamanye amaxesha, emva kokusilela, inkqubo ngokwayo ishiya uhlaziyo olulindele ukufakwa, olunokubangela ukudideka kumsebenzisi ukuba ayijongwanga ngesandla. Ukuphendula ngokuqhubekayo kwezi zilumkiso kubalulekile ekugcineni ukhuseleko lokusebenza.

Imingcipheko kunye neziphumo zokungahlaziyi iinkcazo ze-antivirus

Las Iimpembelelo zokusebenza ngeenkcazo eziphelelwe lixesha zingaphezulu komsindo wokubona umyalezo wemposiso. Phakathi kweyona mingcipheko ibalulekileyo yile:

• Ukwanda kokuvezwa kwi-malware yangoku: I-antivirus ayiyi kubona izoyikiso ezenziwe emva kohlaziyo lokugqibela oluyimpumelelo.
• Uzinzo lwenkqubo kunye nemiba yokusebenzaIinkqubo ezininzi zokukhusela zixhomekeke kuhlaziyo ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo, ezinokubangela ukonakala okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle ukuba ziphelelwe lixesha.
• Ukwenzeka kokungena okanye ukuhlaselwa okujoliswe kuyoAmaqela e-Cybercriminal asebenzisa ukungaphumeleli kohlaziyo lokuqalisa amaphulo ekujoliswe kuwo ngokuchasene neenkqubo ezisengozini.
• Ukonakala kwezoqoqosho kunye nokulahleka kwedatha: Ngokukodwa kwiindawo zoshishino, ukuhlaselwa okuphumelelayo kunokubangela ilahleko kwizigidi, njengoko kwakunjalo nge-WannaCry, NotPetya, okanye iziganeko zamva nje ezifana nohlaziyo lwe-CrowdStrike olungaphumelelanga oluchaphazela iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo emhlabeni jikelele.

Kwimeko embi kakhulu, ukunqongophala kohlaziyo kunokukhokelela kusulelo olubanzi lwezixhobo, ezichaphazela iinkonzo eziyimfuneko ezinjengezibhedlele, iibhanki, ezothutho, kunye neenqwelomoya, apho ukufumaneka kwedatha kunye nokhuseleko kubalulekile.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuqaphela ingxaki yokuhlaziya

Ukubona ngexesha a Ukusilela kohlaziyo lwenkcazo Kubalulekile ukuphepha iziphumo ezibi. Ukongeza kwimiyalezo yempazamo edwelisiweyo, unokubona iimpawu ezinje:

• Izaziso eziqhubekayo ezivela kuHlaziyo lweWindows okanye i-antivirus ngokwayo.
• Inkqubo ixesha desynchronization.
• I-antivirus ibonisa ukhuseleko 'njengengahlaziywanga' okanye 'emngciphekweni'.
• Ukonyuka komsebenzi okrokrisayo kwikhompyuter yakho okanye kwinethiwekhi (ukwehla, iinkqubo ezingaziwayo).

Ukunikela ingqalelo kwezi nkcukacha kunokukunceda ukuba usabele ngaphambi kokuba iziphumo zibe mbi ngakumbi.

Izisombululo zamanyathelo ngamanyathelo kwiimpazamo zohlaziyo lwenkcazo

Apha ngezantsi kukho iinkqubo ezicetyiswa ziingcali kunye neengcali, ukudibanisa ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokusombulula iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ekuhlaziyweni kweenkcazo, zithatha njengereferensi iincwadi IMicrosoft Security Essentials, Windows Defender kunye namava enkqubo yeshishini:

1. Jonga uqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi

Qinisekisa ukuba ikhomputha okanye iseva inayo ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi okuzinzileyo kwaye akukho firewall, ummeli, okanye izithintelo zesihluzi ezithintela ukukhuphela kwiiseva ezisemthethweni ze-antivirus. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, vavanya uqhagamshelo kwesinye isixhobo okanye uvale okwethutyana i-firewall ukulawula imiba yonxibelelwano.

2. Seta kwakhona useto lwakho lwesikhangeli oluhlala lukhona

Iinkqubo ezininzi ze-antivirus, ngakumbi kwi-Windows, sebenzisa i-Internet Explorer okanye useto lwe-Edge ukukhuphela uhlaziyo. Ukuba i-browser yonakele okanye ayilungiswanga kakuhle, inokuba ngumthombo wengxaki. Ukuseta ngokutsha:

1. Vala zonke iinkqubo, kuquka isikhangeli sakho.
2. Vula imenyu yokuqalisa, chwetheza 'inetcpl.cpl' kwaye ucinezele u-Enter ukuvula i Ukukhetha kwe-Intanethi.
3. Yiya kwi Advanced thebhu kwaye ucofe ku Misela kwakhona.
4. Yamkela kwaye uqalise kwakhona isikhangeli.

3. Qinisekisa ukuba umhla kunye nexesha zichanekile

Iimpazamo zongqamaniso zinoxanduva lokungaphumeleli kohlaziyo oluninzi. Lungisa umhla kunye nexesha ngesandla okanye ngokuzenzekelayo ngongqamaniso kunye neeseva zexesha eliqhelekileyo.

4. Thiya ngokutsha ifolda yokuhanjiswa kwesoftware

Isikhokelo Ukuhanjiswa kweSoftware igcina iifayile zoHlaziyo zeWindows zexeshana. Ukuba yonakele, inokuthintela ukufakela kwixesha elizayo. Ukuyilungisa:

1. Misa inkonzo yohlaziyo oluzenzekelayo kwi-'services.msc'.
2. Vula i-prompt yomyalelo njengomlawuli kwaye usebenzise le miyalelo ilandelayo:
   cd % windir%
   ren SoftwareDistribution SDTemp
3. Nceda uqalise kwakhona inkonzo yohlaziyo.

5. Seta kwakhona i-injini yohlaziyo ye-antivirus

Kwiimeko ezininzi, isoftware ye-antivirus ikuvumela ukuba usete ngokutsha inkqubo yohlaziyo ngokusebenzisa imiyalelo ethile kwinkqubo:

• Vula ikhonsoli njengomlawuli.
• Yiya kwifolda ye-antivirus (umzekelo, C: Iifayile zeNkqubo yeWindows Defender).
• Qhuba:
  MpCmdRun.exe -removedefinitions -dynamicsignatures
  MpCmdRun.exe -SignatureUpdate

6. Faka uhlaziyo ngesandla

Ukuba indlela ezenzekelayo iyasilela, unokukhuphela iinkcazo ngesandla kwiwebhusayithi yomthengisi kwaye uzifake ngokuthe ngqo, uqinisekise ukuba ukhetha uguqulelo olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo yakho yokusebenza.

7. Qhagamshelana nenkxaso yobugcisa ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka

Ukuba akukho nalunye kwezi ndlela zingasentla ukusombulula umba, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane ne-antivirus yakho okanye iqela lenkxaso yomthengisi wenkqubo yokusebenza ukuze ufumane uncedo olulolwakho.

Ukuzenzekela ngokufanelekileyo kunye nolawulo lohlaziyo lwenkcazo

Kwiimeko zeshishini, apho kukho amashumi okanye amakhulu eekhompyuter, ukugcina iinkcazelo zisexesheni ngokuzenzela akwenzeki. Izixhobo ezifana Umphathi wePatch Plus Bakuvumela ukuba ukhuphele ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokufakwa kweenkcazo ze-antivirus kuzo zonke iikhomputha kwinethiwekhi, ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwe-bandwidth ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuphepha iibhotile.

• Ukuzenzekela ngemigaqo-nkqubo esembindini kusindisa ixesha labalawuli kwaye kunciphisa ukuba nokwenzeka kwempazamo yomntu.
• Uhlaziyo lunokucwangciswa ngokubekwa kwexesha kwaye lubeke phambili izixhobo ezithile ezibalulekileyo.
• Ikuvumela ukuba ujonge ubume bohlaziyo lwenethiwekhi ngamaxesha onke, ukufumanisa iiyunithi ezineengxaki zongqamaniso.

Iindlela ezilungileyo zokuthintela ukusilela kohlaziyo lwenkcazo

Ngokulandela izikhokelo ezimbalwa ezilula unokunciphisa amathuba okuba ube nohlaziyo olungaphumeleliyo:

• Jonga rhoqo ukuba isistim inexesha kunye nomhla omiswe ngokuchanekileyo..
• Gcina zombini i-injini ye-antivirus kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza ihlaziywe ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokufikelela kwiimpawu zamva nje.
• Sebenzisa ulawulo oluphakathi kunye nezixhobo ezizenzekelayo kwiindawo zenethiwekhi, ukuphepha ulawulo lwezandla nanini na kunokwenzeka.
• Ukubeka iliso kwizaziso zenkqubo kwaye uphendule ngokukhawuleza kuzo naziphi na izilumkiso ezinxulumene nokhuseleko.
• Yenza uphicotho lwamaxesha ngamaxesha ngobume bohlaziyo kwaye uchaze abo banoxanduva lokulubeka esweni..

Kwiiseva, luqheliso oluhle lokucwangcisa imisebenzi yamaxesha athile (umzekelo, usebenzisa iWindows Task Scheduler) ukunyanzela uhlaziyo lwemihla ngemihla ngezikripthi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba nokuba inkqubo ezenzekelayo iyasilela, kukho indlela yokugcina.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuba akukho nasinye sezisombululo esisebenzayo?

Ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka emva kokusebenzisa izindululo, esona sisombululo sinamandla sinokuba kukukhupha ngokupheleleyo i-antivirus, ukucoca iintsalela usebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, kwaye ubuyisele inguqulelo yamva nje ehambelana nenkqubo yokusebenza. Kwiindawo zenkampani, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane nenkxaso yobugcisa bomthengisi kunye nokubonelela ngeelogi ezineenkcukacha zokungaphumeleli ukuchongwa okuchanekileyo.

Ngaphaya koko, kwimibutho enovakalelo oluphezulu, qwalasela a isicwangciso esingehla oko kubandakanya iindlela zokukhusela okwethutyana de inkqubo yohlaziyo ibuyiselwe, kubalulekile ukuphepha izikhewu zokhuseleko.

Ukulawula uhlaziyo lwenkcazo ye-antivirus ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo, nangona uhlala ungaqatshelwa kude kubekho impazamo. Hlala uphaphile, wazi ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokungaphumeleli kwaye usebenzise izisombululo ezithile, sivumele ukuba sinciphise umngcipheko wokuphulwa kokhuseleko kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yeziganeko ezinokwenzeka.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

IiWindows zazisa utshintsho kuhlaziyo ukunqanda iimpazamo ezibalulekileyo

UDaniel Terrasa

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