API: Yintoni kwaye yeyantoni

I-APIs (I-Application Programming Interface) ibe yinto esisiseko ukuvumela unxibelelwano lwe-fluid phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo esoftware. Ezi zixhobo ezinamandla zisebenza njengebhuloho edibanisa izicelo, iinkqubo kunye nogcino-lwazi, okuvumela ukutshintshiselana ngokufanelekileyo kolwazi kunye nokusebenza.

Ii-APIs zezo iigiya ezingabonakaliyo ezenza ukuba ubugqi bobugcisa bale mihla bubekho. Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni we-app yemozulu kwifowuni yakho. Ngalo lonke ixesha ujonga uqikelelo lwemozulu, i-app inxibelelana nenkqubo yesoftware yeziko lemozulu ngee-API, ifumana eyona datha yamva nje nechanekileyo ukukubonisa oko ngoko nangoko. Lo ngumzekelo nje omnye wendlela ii-APIs ququzelela ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokuhamba kolwazi phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo.

Yintoni i-API

Kodwa lithetha ukuthini igama elithi API ngokwenene? Ezi zishunqulelo zimele "i-Application Programming Interface." Apha, igama elithi "isicelo" libhekisa kuyo nayiphi na isoftware enomsebenzi othile. Ujongano lusebenza njenge isivumelwano senkonzo phakathi kwezicelo ezibini, echaza ukuba kufuneka banxibelelane njani omnye nomnye besebenzisa izicelo kunye neempendulo. Amaxwebhu e-API anikezela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nokuba abaphuhlisi kufuneka bahlele njani olu nxibelelwano.

Uyilo lwe-API

Ukuqonda ngcono indlela ii-APIs ezisebenza ngayo, kuluncedo ukwazi ulwakhiwo lwazo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ichazwa ngokwemiqathango ye umxhasi kunye nomncedisi. Isicelo esithumela isicelo sibizwa ngokuba ngumxhasi, ngelixa lowo unika impendulo eyaziwa ngokuba ngumncedisi. Kumzekelo wemozulu yemozulu, idatabase yeziko yiseva kunye nesicelo esiphathwayo ngumxhasi.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-API ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo kunye nexesha lokudala:

• ISEPHA API: Basebenzisa iprotocol yokufikelela into elula kwaye utshintshiselwano lwemiyalezo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-XML.
• RPC API: Ngokusekelwe kwiifowuni zenkqubo ekude, apho umxhasi ugqibezela umsebenzi kumncedisi kwaye ufumana umphumo.
• WebSocket API: Bavumela unxibelelwano lwe-bidirectional phakathi komxhasi kunye nomncedisi usebenzisa izinto ze-JSON ukuhambisa idatha.
• REST API: Eyona nto idumileyo kwaye iguquguqukayo kwiwebhu yangoku, apho umxhasi ethumela izicelo kumncedisi kwaye ufumana idatha ekuphenduleni.

Ukuntywila nzulu kwi-REST APIs

I-REST (i-Representational State Transfer) i-APIs ibe ngumgangatho we-de facto kuphuhliso lwewebhu lwangoku. Zisekelwe kwiseti yemisebenzi efana FUMANA, YIFAKA, UCIME, apho abathengi basebenzise ukufikelela kwidatha evela kumncedisi ngaphezulu kweprotocol yeHTTP. Inqaku eliphambili le-REST APIs yeyabo ukungabikho kombuso, oku kuthetha ukuba abancedisi abazigcini idatha yomxhasi phakathi kwezicelo.

Yintoni i-REST APIs enikezela ngayo

I-REST APIs ibonelela ngenani leenzuzo ezibalulekileyo:

1. Ukuhlanganiswa: Bavumela izicelo ezitsha ukuba zihlanganiswe kunye neenkqubo ezikhoyo ngokufanelekileyo, zisebenzise ikhowudi ekhoyo.
2. Ezintsha: Baququzelela ukuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza kweenkonzo ezintsha ngokuvumela utshintsho kwi-API ngaphandle kokubhala kwakhona yonke ikhowudi.
3. Ulwandiso: Banikezela iinkampani ithuba lokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi kumaqonga ahlukeneyo ngokufikelela kwiinkcukacha zangaphakathi.
4. Ukugcinwa lula: Basebenza njengesango phakathi kweenkqubo, ukuthintela utshintsho lwangaphakathi ekuchaphazeleni ezinye iindawo.

Iindidi ze-API ngokwemida yazo yokusetyenziswa

Ukongeza kwi-architecture, ii-APIs zikwahlelwa ngokobungakanani bokusetyenziswa kwazo:

• Private APIs: Ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kwinkampani ukudibanisa iinkqubo kunye nedatha.
• Public APIs: Ivulelekile eluntwini, inokufuna isigunyaziso kwaye ibe neendleko ezinxulumeneyo.
• Partner API: Ifikeleleka kuphela kubaphuhlisi abagunyazisiweyo bomntu wesithathu kubudlelwane boshishino ukuya kushishino.
• Composite APIs: Badibanisa ii-APIs ezahlukeneyo ukujongana neemfuno zenkqubo enzima okanye ukuziphatha.

Ukubaluleka kunye nendima yesiphelo kwii-APIs

Amanqaku oqhagamshelwano lwe-API ngawona iindawo ezithile apho ulwazi luthunyelwa kwaye lufunyenwe phakathi kweenkqubo. Zibalulekile kwiinkampani ngenxa yezizathu ezibini eziphambili:

1. Khu seleko: Iindawo zokugqibela zinokuba sesichengeni sokuhlaselwa, ngoko ke ukuzijonga kubalulekile.
2. Ukusebenza: Iziphelo zendlela ephezulu zinokwenza iibhotile kwaye zichaphazele ukusebenza kwenkqubo.

Ukhuseleko lwee-APIs ze-REST: Iimpawu zoQinisekiso kunye nezitshixo ze-API

Ukhuseleko yinkalo ebalulekileyo ekusebenziseni ii-APIs. Iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zokukhusela i-REST APIs zezi:

1. Iimpawu zokuqinisekisa: Baqinisekisa ubungqina babasebenzisi kunye namalungelo abo okufikelela ukwenza iifowuni kwi-API.
2. API izitshixo: Bachonga isicelo esenza umnxeba kunye neemvume zayo, ukuvumela ukubeka esweni ukusetyenziswa kwe-API.

Uyenza njani i-API: isicwangciso, uphuhliso kunye nenkqubo yamaxwebhu

Ukwenza i-API yomgangatho ophezulu kufuna ukulandela inkqubo ecokisekileyo:

1. Ucwangciso lwe-API: Chaza iinkcukacha kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa ezilandela imigangatho yophuhliso lwangoku.
2. Ukwenziwa kwe-API: Phuhlisa iiprototypes usebenzisa ikhowudi enokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwaye uzenzele ngokweemfuno.
3. Uvavanyo lwe-API: Yenza uvavanyo olubanzi ukuphepha iimpazamo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.
4. Amaxwebhu e-API: Ukubonelela ngesikhokelo esicacileyo nesipheleleyo sokuququzelela ukusetyenziswa nokwamkelwa kwayo.
5. API Marketing: Papasha i-API kwiimarike ezikhethekileyo ukuze wenze imali kwaye ufikelele abaphuhlisi abaninzi.

Uvavanyo lwe-API: Qinisekisa ukusebenza kunye noKhuseleko

Uvavanyo lwe-API lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokhuseleko. Ezinye izicwangciso ziquka:

• Yenza izicelo ezininzi kwii-endpoints zokuvavanya i ukusebenza.
• Bhala iimvavanyo zeyunithi ukuqinisekisa i ingqiqo yeshishini kunye nokuchaneka komsebenzi.
• Ukulinganisa uhlaselo lwenkqubo ukuvavanya i khu seleko.

Indlela yokubhala amaxwebhu e-API asebenzayo

Amaxwebhu acacileyo napheleleyo abalulekile ukuququzelela ukusetyenziswa kunye nokwamkelwa kwe-API. Ezinye iindlela ezicetyiswayo zezi:

• Sebenzisa ulwimi olulula kunye kulula ukuyiqonda.
• Quka iisampulu zekhowudi ukubonisa ukusebenza.
• Gcina amaxwebhu yangoku kwaye ichanekile.
• Khokela isimbo sokubhala ku abaqalayo.
• Gubungela konke iingxaki ezinokusonjululwa yi-API Abasebenzisi.

API: amanyathelo okuqalisa

Ukuqala ukusebenzisa i-API entsha, landela la manyathelo:

1. fumana enye API isitshixo ukwenza i-akhawunti eqinisekisiweyo kunye nomboneleli.
2. Cwangcisa Umxhasi we-HTTP API ukwenza lula izicelo.
3. Ukuba awunaye umxhasi we-API, zama ukucwangcisa isicelo ngesandla kwibhrawuza yakho ngokulandela i maxwebhu.
4. Nje ukuba uqhelene ne-API syntax, qala ukuyisebenzisa kweyakho código.

Fumana ii-APIs ezintsha: iiwebhusayithi ezikhethekileyo kunye nezalathisi

Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ze-intanethi zokufumana ii-API ezintsha:

• Rapid API: Eyona webhusayithi inkulu ye-API ene-APIs yoluntu engaphezulu kwe-10,000 kunye nesigidi esi-1 sabaphuhlisi abasebenzayo.
• Public APIs: Amaqela e-APIs akude kwiindidi ze-40 ze-niche zokukhangela lula.
• APIForThat y Uluhlu lwe-API: Uluhlu lwe-APIs yewebhu engaphezulu kwe-500 eneenkcukacha ezicacileyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwazo.

I-API Gateways: Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwaBathengi boShishino

Amasango e-API zizixhobo zolawulo kubathengi beshishini abasebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo zokubuyela umva. Banoxanduva lwemisebenzi eqhelekileyo efana nale:

• Uqinisekiso lomsebenzisi
• Isizukulwana izibalo
• Ulawulo lwexabiso ifakwe kwiifowuni ze-API

I-GraphQL: ulwimi lombuzo kwii-API eziguquguqukayo nezisebenzayo

I-GraphQL lulwimi lombuzo olwenzelwe ngokukodwa ii-APIs. Ijolise ekuboneleleni abathengi ngedatha kanye abayicelayo, ukwenza ii-APIs zikhawuleze, ziguquguquke, kwaye kulula ukuziphuhlisa. NgeGraphQL, abaphuhlisi be-frontend banokubuza i-database ezininzi, ii-microservices, kunye nee-API ezinesiphelo esinye.

Iinkonzo ezinje AWS AppSync Benza lula uphuhliso lwe-API ye-GraphQL ngokunyamekela ukudibanisa ngokukhuselekileyo kwimithombo yedatha kunye nokuthumela uhlaziyo lwexesha lokwenyani kwizigidi zabathengi.

Ii-APIs zingumqolo wonxibelelwano lwesoftware kubume beteknoloji yanamhlanje. Ukukwazi kwayo ukudibanisa iinkqubo, qhuba inguqulelo kwaye uququzelele uphuhliso ibenza izixhobo eziyimfuneko. Ngokuqonda ukusebenza kwayo, ulwakhiwo, kunye nezenzo ezigqwesileyo, abaphuhlisi banokusebenzisa amandla abo apheleleyo ukwenza usetyenziso olunamandla ngakumbi, oluguquguqukayo, kunye nokunxibelelana. Ii-APIs zingundoqo ekuvuleni indalo yonke yamathuba kwihlabathi elinomdla lophuhliso lwesoftware.