Oosomajukujuku, abahloli basemajukujukwini abakhaliphileyo, bajongana nothotho lwemicelimngeni ekhethekileyo ngexesha lemishini yabo. Ukusuka ekungabini nabunzima ukuya ekuvezweni kumanqanaba aphezulu emitha, yonke inkalo yobomi esithubeni ifuna ukucwangciswa ngononophelo kunye nokubulawa. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba bawenza njani owona msebenzi usisiseko ebomini? ubomi bemihla ngemihla? Kweli phepha elimhlophe, siza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha inkqubo yendlela oosomajukujuku abatya ngayo esithubeni, betyhila iindlela kunye nobuchwepheshe ezenza lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo ube nokwenzeka kwindawo ye-microgravity. Zilungiselele ukukhangela kwihlabathi elinomdla lefiziyoloji yendawo kwaye ufumanise indlela inkunkuma yomntu elawulwa ngayo kwi-cosmos.
1. Intshayelelo kwi-intestinal physiology ye-astronauts
I-intestinal physiology yoosomajukujuku sisihloko esibaluleke kakhulu kuphando lwasesibhakabhakeni. Ngexesha lemishini eyandisiweyo esikhaleni, oosomajukujuku bafumana utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zabo zokugaya ukutya ngenxa yokungabikho komxhuzulane kunye nezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo.
Omnye wemingeni ephambili abajongene nayo oosomajukujuku kukulawula inkqubo yamathumbu abo. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-microgravity, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba ukunyakaza kwe-peristaltic kwamathumbu kuyancipha, oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokugaya kunye nokuqunjelwa. Ukongeza, ukungabikho komxhuzulane kuchaphazela ukufunxwa kwezondlo kwindlela yesisu.
Ukujongana nezi ngxaki, iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule ziye zaphuhliswa kwinkalo ye-spatial intestinal physiology. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezidlo ezikhethekileyo, izongezo zokutya ezithile, kunye neenkqubo zokuzilolonga ezenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kakuhle kwamathumbu emathumbu. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji entsha, njengolawulo lweprobiotics, iyaphandwa ukuphucula impilo yamathumbu oosomajukujuku ngexesha lemishini eyandisiweyo yendawo.
2. Imingeni yokungcola kwi-microgravity
I-Defecation kwi-microgravity yenye yeyona mingeni inzima abajongene nayo oosomajukujuku esithubeni. Ngenxa yokunqongophala komxhuzulane, inkqubo yesiqhelo yokufuduswa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo iba sesichengeni, ifuna izisombululo ezitsha nezithe ngqo zokuqinisekisa ucoceko kunye nempilo yamalungu abasebenzi. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo okujongana nalo mngeni:
1. Ukuyilwa kweenkqubo ezifanelekileyo: Iinjineli zaseMajukujukwini ziye zavelisa iindlela ezikhethekileyo zezindlu zangasese ezisebenzayo ngokufanelekileyo kwi-microgravity. Ezi zindlu zangasese zenzelwe ukuququzelela ukuqokelela kunye nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwenkunkuma. Basebenzisa i-vacuum, ukuhamba komoya kunye neenkqubo zokutywinwa kwe-hermetic ukuthintela ukusasazwa kobutyobo kunye nokugcina indawo yesiphekepheke icocekile.
2. Iinkqubo zokufuduka: Oosomajukujuku mabalandele iinkqubo ezithile zokukhupha inkunkuma esithubeni. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuthintela kucetyiswa ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-astronaut ihlala kwindawo ngexesha lenkqubo. Ukongeza, iinkqubo zokufunxa kunye neengxowa zeebhokisi zisetyenziselwa ukubamba inkunkuma kunye nokuphepha iingxaki zokungcola okanye ivumba elibi.
3. Iindlela zomzimba ezilungiselelwe ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma emajukujukwini
Esithubeni, oosomajukujuku kufuneka bajongane nocelomngeni lokususa inkunkuma emizimbeni yabo indlela esebenzayo. Ngethamsanqa, umzimba womntu uye wavelisa iindlela ezilungiselelwe le meko. Enye yezona nkqubo zibalulekileyo kukuchama, nto leyo ebandakanya ukupheliswa kolwelo kunye nenkunkuma ephuma kwizintso kunye nesinyi. Ebudeni bokubhabha emajukujukwini, oosomajukujuku baphumeza le nkqubo besebenzisa inkqubo ekhethekileyo ebuyisela kwakhona ulwelo.
Enye indlela ebalulekileyo kukuzithuma, okubandakanya ukususwa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba le nkqubo iqhutywa ngokufanelekileyo emajukujukwini, kuye kwaphuhliswa iinkqubo zococeko eziphucukileyo ezivumela oosomajukujuku ukuba bazikhulule ngococeko nangobuchule. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa ivacuum kunye nobushushu ukunceda ekususeni nasekugcinweni kwenkunkuma elandelayo.
Ukongeza kwezi ndlela, umzimba womntu uneendlela ezongezelelweyo zokususa inkunkuma kwindawo. Ukubila ngumzekelo ophambili, njengoko kuvumela ukupheliswa kweetyhefu ngamadlala okubila esikhumbeni. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeemeko zendawo, ukubila akuphumi lula kwaye kunokuqokelelana emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, oosomajukujuku kufuneka basebenzise iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokungenisa umoya ukuze balawule kwaye basuse ukubila ngokufanelekileyo.
4. Uyilo lwendlu yangasese yendawo: isisombululo sobugcisa obutsha
Uyilo lwendlu yangasese yangasese ngumceli mngeni wezobuchwepheshe ofuna isisombululo esitsha sokuqinisekisa ukuthuthuzela kunye nococeko lwe-astronauts kwiimeko zero gravity. Isisombululo sobugcisa siya kunikwa ngezantsi. Inyathelo nenyathelo eye yaphuhliswa ziingcali kulo mmandla.
1. Uyilo lwe-ergonomic: Ukuze ulungelelanise iimfuno ezithile ze-astronauts, indlu yangasese yendawo kufuneka yenziwe i-ergonomically. Oku kubandakanya ukuthathela ingqalelo indawo yomzimba kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa kwiimeko zero gravity. Imodeli kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa zisetyenzisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba indlu yangasese ibonelela ngamava akhululekile kwaye akhuselekile.
2. Iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha: Enye yeempawu ezingundoqo kuyilo lwendlu yangasese kukukwazi kwayo ukurisayikilisha nokusebenzisa kwakhona ilindle lomntu. Ukufezekisa oku, iinkqubo zokuhluza eziphambili kunye nokucoca zisetyenziswa ezivumela ukuba umchamo uguqulelwe amanzi osela kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto eziqinileyo ukuze zisetyenziswe kwimveliso yokutya okanye ekuveliseni amandla.
3. Ugcino kunye nokucoca: Ekubeni indlu yangasese yendawo yangasese iya kusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwiimeko ezimandundu, kubalulekile ukuba kubekho inkqubo yolondolozo esebenzayo. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zokugqoka kunye nokulula ukucoceka, kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokucoca rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ucoceko kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwindlu yangasese.
Isishwankathelo, uyilo lwendlu yangasese yendawo yangasese ifuna isisombululo sobugcisa obutsha esithathela ingqalelo i-ergonomics, iinkqubo zokuhlaziya kunye nokugcinwa okufanelekileyo. Ukuhambela phambili kweteknoloji kwenze ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukuphuhlisa indlu yangasese yasemajukujukwini ehlangabezana nezi mfuno, ibonelela ngentuthuzelo kunye nococeko koosomajukujuku ngexesha leemishini zabo zasemkhathini. Ngumba obalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa impilo kunye nentlalo-ntle yabasebenzi basesithubeni.
5. Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamathumbu kwiimeko ezingenasisindo
Yinto enomdla eyenzeka kumzimba womntu xa ukwindawo engaphandle okanye kwindawo ye-microgravity. Ngokungafaniyo noMhlaba, apho amandla omxhuzulane adlala indima enkulu kwinkqubo yokuhamba kwamathumbu, ubunzima bubonisa imingeni ekhethekileyo kwinkqubo yokugaya.
Ngexesha lobunzima, i-feces ayikwazi ukuxoshwa ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokungabikho komxhuzulane. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nokuqhinwa nokungakhululeki koosomajukujuku kwimishini emide yasesibhakabhakeni. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ziye zaphuhliswa ukunceda ukuququzelela inkqubo yokuhamba kwamathumbu kwezi meko.
Enye yezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo kukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zevacuum. Ezi nkqubo zivumela amandla okufunxa alawulwayo ukuba asetyenziswe ukunceda ukukhupha ilindle. Ukongeza, izixhobo zokuthintela zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela ilindle ukuba lidada ngokukhululekileyo kwindlwana yendawo. Ezi zixhobo zikholisa ukumila ngokwe-ergonomically kwaye zifaneleka ngokugqibeleleyo kumzimba kasomajukujuku ukuze kuphunywe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulandele ukutya okufanelekileyo kwaye utye ukutya okutyebileyo kwifiber ukukhuthaza amathumbu rhoqo.
6. Ukhathalelo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokugcina ucoceko olwaneleyo kwiSikhululo seNdawo samazwe ngamazwe
Ukuqinisekisa ucoceko olwaneleyo kwiSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe (ISS) kubalulekile ukugcina impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle koosomajukujuku esithubeni. Ngenxa yokunqongophala komxhuzulane kunye nendawo evaliweyo ye-ISS, amanyathelo okhuseleko angaphezulu kufuneka athathwe ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane kunye nokugcina indawo ecocekileyo nekhuselekileyo.
Apha ngezantsi kukho ukhathalelo olubalulekileyo kunye neengqwalasela ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni ukugcina ucoceko olufanelekileyo kwi-ISS:
- Ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo: Oosomajukujuku kufuneka bahlambe izandla rhoqo, besebenzisa isepha namanzi. Ukongeza, babonelelwa ngesicoci sesandla esekwe etywaleni ukuba basebenzise xa bengakwazi ukufikelela kumanzi abalekayo. Oku kunceda ukuthintela ukwanda kweentsholongwane kunye nezifo.
- Ukucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane: Ukucocwa rhoqo nangokucokisekileyo kuyo yonke imiphezulu ye-ISS kunye nezixhobo kufuneka kwenziwe kusetyenziswa iimveliso ezivunyiweyo zokubulala iintsholongwane. Oku kubandakanya iipaneli zokulawula ukucoca, iindawo zokusebenza, kunye nezixhobo zokuzilolonga, phakathi kwabanye. Ukongeza, iiprothokholi ezithile kufuneka zilandelwe kulawulo lwenkunkuma kunye nokulahlwa kwemveliso engcolileyo.
- Ulawulo lomgangatho womoya: Ulawulo lomgangatho womoya lubalulekile ekugcineni indawo esempilweni kwi-ISS. Iinkqubo zokucoca umoya kunye nokucoca kufuneka zibekwe esweni kwaye zigcinwe rhoqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle. Uvavanyo lwexesha kufuneka lwenziwe kwakhona ukuze kubonwe ubukho bokungcola kunye nokugcina amanqanaba omgangatho womoya ngaphakathi kweeparamitha ezamkelekileyo.
Ukugcina ucoceko olululo kwiSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe kufuna indlela engqongqo neqhubekayo ngoosomajukujuku kunye neqela lenkxaso eMhlabeni. Ngokulandela ngononophelo olu khathalelo kunye nokuqwalaselwa, indawo ecocekileyo nekhuselekileyo inokuqinisekiswa evumela oosomajukujuku ukuba benze imisebenzi yabo kwindawo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kwemingcipheko kwimpilo yabo.
7. Impembelelo yobunzima ekusebenzeni kwendlela yokugaya ukutya komntu
Ubunzima, obubonakaliswe kukungabikho komxhuzulane, kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yokugaya ukutya komntu ngexesha lokuhamba kwendawo. Phantsi kwezi meko, oosomajukujuku bafumana uthotho lweenguqu ezinokuchaphazela ukwetyisa nokufunxwa kokutya, kunye nokuhamba kwamathumbu.
Enye yeempembelelo eziphambili zokungabi nasisindo kwisistim sokugaya kukwabiwa kwakhona kolwelo lomzimba. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, umxhuzulane unceda ukugcina ulwelo kwindawo efanelekileyo, kodwa xa kungekho mxhuzulane, ulwelo ludla ngokuqokelelana kwindawo ephezulu yomzimba, nto leyo enokubangela ukudumba kobuso kunye nokuxinana kweempumlo. Ukongeza, ukungabikho komxhuzulane kunokwenza kube nzima ukukhupha isisu, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwimvakalelo yokuzala kunye nesicaphucaphu koosomajukujuku.
Ukongeza, ubunzima bunokuchaphazela ukufunxwa kwezondlo. Ukungabikho komxhuzulane kunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwemisipha yezitho zokugaya, ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokufunxa. Oku kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukufunxwa kwezondlo ezibalulekileyo ezifana neeprotheni, iiminerali kunye neevithamini. Ukongezelela, ukungabikho kobunzima kunokuguqula i-intestinal flora, enokuthi ibe nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo kunye nentlalontle ye-astronauts.
8. Iinkqubo kunye nobuchule obusetyenziswa ngoosomajukujuku ukulahla inkunkuma
Oosomajukujuku basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule bokulahla inkunkuma emajukujukwini. Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo kukusetyenziswa kokuqokelela inkunkuma kunye neenkqubo zokugcina. Ezi nkqubo ziyilelwe ukubamba kwaye ziqulathe ngokukhuselekileyo inkunkuma eveliswa ngoosomajukujuku ngexesha lokuhlala kwabo kwiSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe.
Ukongeza kwiinkqubo zokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma kunye nokugcinwa kwenkunkuma, oosomajukujuku nabo basebenzisa ubuchule obukhethekileyo bokunyanga inkunkuma engamanzi. Le nkunkuma engamanzi ingena kwinkqubo yokumka komphunga, nto leyo evumela amanzi akuyo ukuba ahlulwe kwaye aphinde asetyenziswe kwakhona kwisikhululo. Le nkqubo yenziwa kwisixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-International Space Station Water Treatment System.
Obunye ubuchule obusetyenziswa ngoosomajukujuku ukulahla inkunkuma kukurisayikilisha. Isikhululo sineenkqubo eziphambili zokurisayikilisha ezivumela inkunkuma eqinileyo ukuba iguqulwe ibe yimathiriyeli enokuphinda isetyenziswe. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa umgquba kunye neenkqubo zokuvala inzala ukuguqula inkunkuma ephilayo ibe sisichumisi kwaye isuse nakuphi na ukungcola. Ukongeza, inkunkuma eqinileyo iyadityaniswa kwaye igcinwe ukuze ibuyiselwe eMhlabeni kamva. Ngokufutshane, oosomajukujuku baneenkqubo ezikhethekileyo kunye nobuchule bokuqinisekisa ulawulo olululo lwenkunkuma esithubeni.
9. Imingeni yexesha elizayo: Indlela yokuphucula iinkqubo zokususa inkunkuma?
Omnye wemiba ephambili ekufuneka sijongane nayo ukuze siqinisekise ukugcinwa kokusingqongileyo kwendawo kukuphucula iinkqubo zokulahlwa kobutyobo. Njengoko umsebenzi wasesibhakabhakeni usanda, ukuqokelelana kobutyobo bendawo kuye kwafikelela kumanqanaba axhalabisayo, nto leyo ebeka imingcipheko ebalulekileyo kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo nakwimishini yexesha elizayo. Ngezantsi kukho imingeni kunye nezisombululo ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe le ngxaki.
1. Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokuqokelela kunye nokulahla: Kubalulekile ukuba utyalo-mali lwenziwe kuphando kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe obuphambili obunokuqokelela kwaye bulahle. ngempumelelo inkunkuma yendawo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusebenzisa iimoto ezikhethekileyo zerobhothi ezinezixhobo zokulwa kunye neenkqubo zokuqhubela phambili ukuze zibambe inkunkuma kwaye ziyisuse. ngokukhuselekileyo.
2. Ukuphunyezwa kwemimiselo kunye nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe: Intsebenziswano yehlabathi iyadingeka ukujongana nengxaki yenkunkuma yendawo. Kubalulekile ukuseka imimiselo yamazwe ngamazwe efuna ukuba amazwe kunye nee-arhente zasemajukujukwini zilandele ukuqaliswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwesathelayithi kunye neendlela zokulahla. Oku kusenokubandakanya imilinganiselo yokuqinisekisa ukuba iisathelayithi ezingasasebenziyo ziyasuswa kwi-orbit ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nelawulwayo.
10. Amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nococeko esithubeni: ukuqinisekisa impilo yoosomajukujuku
Kwindawo esingqongileyo, amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nogutyulo lwelindle abalulekile ukuqinisekisa impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle koosomajukujuku. La manyathelo afuna ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo kunye nokugcina imeko-bume ecocekileyo nesempilweni kwimisebenzi yasemajukujukwini. Apha ngezantsi ngamanye amanyathelo aphambili ekufuneka athatyathwe:
- Ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezixhobo kunye neenkqubo: Kubalulekile ukwenza uhlolo rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye neenkqubo kwindawo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukubeka iliso kwiinkqubo zokuhluza umoya kunye namanzi, kunye nokugcina iinkqubo zokuhlaziya inkunkuma.
- Ukubulala iintsholongwane kumphezulu: Kubalulekile ukuba rhoqo kubulawe iintsholongwane kwiindawo ezisemajukujukwini ukuthintela ukwakheka kweentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya. Iimveliso ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo zokutshabalalisa iintsholongwane kufuneka zisetyenziswe ezingenabungozi koosomajukujuku okanye eziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo. okusingqongileyo.
- Ulawulo lomoya nomgangatho wamanzi: Umoya namanzi asemajukujukwini kufuneka ajongwe ngokungqongqo ubulunga ukuqinisekisa ukuba akhuselekile ukuba angawasebenzisa kwaye aphefumle. Oku kubandakanya ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwimichiza kunye ne-microbiological composition of air and water, kunye nokususwa kwazo naziphi na izinto ezingcolisayo okanye izinto eziyingozi.
Ngamafutshane, amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nogutyulo lwelindle emajukujukwini abalulekile ekukhuseleni impilo yoosomajukujuku ngexesha lokuhamba emajukujukwini. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezixhobo zokusebenza, ukubulawa kweentsholongwane kumphezulu, kunye nolawulo lomgangatho womoya kunye namanzi zezinye zezinto eziphambili ekufuneka zenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo esempilweni esithubeni. La manyathelo avumela oosomajukujuku ukuba bagxininise kwimisebenzi yabo kwaye bandise ukusebenza kwabo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga nokugula okunokwenzeka okanye ukungcola kwimo engqongileyo.
11. Indlela isondlo sasemajukujukwini esiyichaphazela ngayo imilinganiselo yokuphuma ilindle koosomajukujuku
Iimeko ezizodwa zesithuba zichaphazela kakhulu iipateni zokuzithuma koosomajukujuku. Ukunqongophala komxhuzulane kunye nokuvezwa ixesha elide kwindawo evaliweyo, evalelweyo kunokubangela utshintsho kwiinkqubo zokwetyisa zikasomajukujuku, nto leyo enokuthi ichaphazele imikhwa yabo yokuzikhulula.
1. Iingxaki zesisu: Ukungabikho komxhuzulane esithubeni kuyitshintsha indlela inkqubo yokwetyisa esebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yokungabikho komxhuzulane, ulwelo lomzimba ludla ngokuqokelelana kwindawo engaphezulu yomzimba, kuquka nendlela yokugaya ukutya. Oku kunokubangela ukwanda kweegesi kunye nolwelo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa, nto leyo enokubangela ukuqunjelwa, isisu esibuhlungu, kunye ne-flatulence koosomajukujuku.
2. Ukuqunjelwa: Ukuqunjelwa yenye ingxaki eqhelekileyo efunyanwa ngoosomajukujuku esithubeni. Ukungabikho komxhuzulane kwenza kube nzima ukuba ukutya kudlule ngokuqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekulibazisekeni kwenkqubo yokuthotywa. Ukongezelela, ukutya okukhethekileyo koosomajukujuku abasemajukujukwini, abadla ngokuba neeprotheyini ezininzi kunye nefiber encinci, kunokuwenza mandundu ukuqhinwa.
3. Izisombululo kunye namanyathelo okuthintela: Ukujongana nezi ngxaki, uluhlu lwezisombululo luye lwaphunyezwa kwimishini yasemkhathini. Oosomajukujuku bafumana ukucwangciswa ngononophelo kokutya kwabo, okubandakanya ukutya okunefayibha ephezulu kunye nokutya okwaneleyo kolwelo. Ukongezelela, amayeza akhethekileyo kunye nezongezelelo zisetyenziselwa ukunceda ukulawula inkqubo yokugaya i-astronauts kwindawo. Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nezindlu zangasese ezineenkqubo zokufunxa, nazo ziye zaphuhliswa ukuze kube lula ukuzithuma kwiimeko ezingenabunzima.
Isishwankathelo, isondlo esisemajukujukwini sinempembelelo enkulu kwiipateni zokuzithuma koosomajukujuku ngenxa yokungabikho komxhuzulane kunye nokutya okukhethekileyo abakulandelayo emajukujukwini. Nangona izisombululo ezahlukeneyo kunye namanyathelo okuthintela ziye zaphunyezwa, ezi ngxaki zesisu ziqhubeka ziyimingeni koosomajukujuku ngexesha leemishini zabo zasemkhathini.
12. Ukubaluleka kophando kwi-physiology ye-gastrointestinal kwi-space field
Iphysiology yamathumbu emajukujukwini sisihloko esibaluleke kakhulu kuphando lwezenzululwazi. Ukuqonda ukuba zisebenza njani iinkqubo zokwetyisa zikasomajukujuku ngexesha elongezelelekileyo lothumo kubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa ukuphila kwabo nokusebenza kwabo emajukujukwini. Ukongezelela, olu phando lunokuba nezicelo ekuphuculeni impilo yesisu kwi-Earth, njengoko iimpembelelo ze-microgravity kunye nokusingqongileyo kwendawo kunokubonisa ulwazi olutsha malunga nokusebenza kwendlela yokugaya ukutya komntu.
Omnye wemingeni ephambili yokwenza uphando kwi-physiology yesisu kwi-space kukungabikho komxhuzulane. Ukungabikho kobunzima buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhamba kwesisu, ukuguqula ukugaya kunye neenkqubo zokufunxa izondlo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo, ezifana nokulahlekelwa kwemisipha kunye nokungondleki. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa iindlela kunye nobuchwepheshe obuvumela ukufunda kunye nokugcina impilo yesisu soosomajukujuku esithubeni.
Uphando kule ndawo lubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweenkalo, ukusuka kufundo lwe-intestinal microbiota kwiimeko ze-microgravity ukuya kuvavanyo lweempendulo ze-physiological kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya ngexesha lemishini yendawo. Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswayo zisetyenziswa, ezifana nohlalutyo lwe-genomic ye-intestinal microbiota, iimvavanyo zokufunxa izondlo kunye nokubeka iliso lokuhamba kwesisu. Ezi zifundo zibonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo malunga nokulungelelaniswa kwenkqubo yokugaya ukutya kwiindawo ezingqongileyo kunye nokunceda ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso zokugcina impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwee-astronauts ngexesha leemishini.
13. Izixhobo eziphucukileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokuhlambela zasemkhathini
Zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ucoceko kunye nokukhululeka koosomajukujuku ngexesha lothumo lwabo lwasemajukujukwini. Ezi nkqubela phambili zobuchwepheshe zenza kube nokwenzeka ukoyisa imingeni eyodwa evezwa yimeko yendawo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba izindlu zangasese zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo.
Esinye sezixhobo ezibaluleke kakhulu kukuqokelelwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nenkqubo yokucoca. Emajukujukwini, ithontsi ngalinye lamanzi lixabisekile, ngoko ke kusetyenziswa iinkqubo eziphucukileyo ezahlula ulwelo kwizinto eziqinileyo nezicoca amanzi ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwakhona. Oku kuphunyezwa ngobuchwephesha obufana ne-evaporation kunye nokucoca, okuvumela ukungcola ukuba kupheliswe kunye namanzi acocekileyo alungele ukusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo.
Enye iteknoloji ephawulekayo yindlu yangasese yendawo. Ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ngokucophelela ukuba zisebenze kwiimeko ezingenasisindo kunye nokunciphisa isizukulwana sokuvumba kunye nenkunkuma. Babandakanya ukufunxa kunye neenkqubo zokucinezela ukususa inkunkuma ngokucocekileyo, ukongeza ekubeni neendlela zokutywina ze-hermetic zokuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokugcina indawo ecocekileyo nekhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kwesiphekepheke.
Ukongeza, amagumbi okuhlambela asemajukujukwini anolawulo kunye neteknoloji yokubeka iliso ngexesha langempela. Ezi nkqubo zivumela oosomajukujuku ukuba babeke iliso ekusebenzeni kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo okuhlamba, njengoxinzelelo lwamanzi, ubushushu kunye nesantya sokuhamba. Oku kubalulekile ukufumanisa iintsilelo okanye iziphene ezinokubakho kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okulungisa ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo. Ngokunjalo, ezi nkqubo zolawulo zenza kube lula ukubeka iliso kumanqanaba amanzi nenkunkuma ukuqinisekisa ulawulo nokugcinwa kwazo okuchanekileyo kwisithuba.
14. Izigqibo kunye neembono zexesha elizayo malunga nesenzeko sokuzikhulula esithubeni
Elokuqukumbela, le nto yokukhutshelwa kwelindle emajukujukwini ngumngeni wokwenene ekufuneka usonjululwe ngokucokisekileyo nangokucokisekileyo. Kulo lonke olu phononongo, siye saphonononga imiba eyahlukeneyo enxulumene nale ngxaki kwaye sichonge ezinye izisombululo ezinokubakho.
Elinye lawona mathemba aphambili ekamva kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yezindlu zangasese ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ezi nkqubo ziya kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo iimeko ezizodwa zendawo engqongileyo, ezifana ne-microgravity kunye ne-non-gravity. Ngapha koko, kufuneka zibe compact, zisebenze kakuhle ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwaye ikhuselekile koosomajukujuku nakwisiphekepheke.
Enye imbono ebalulekileyo luphando oluqhubekayo kwimpilo kunye ne-physiology yoosomajukujuku esithubeni. Ukuqonda ngcono indlela inkqubo yokugaya ukutya esebenza ngayo kwi-microgravity iya kusivumela ukuba siphuhlise izisombululo ezisebenzayo zokuzikhupha kwindawo. Ukongeza, olu phando lunokusinceda sichonge imingcipheko yempilo enokubakho kwaye siyile imilinganiselo yothintelo efanelekileyo.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuqonda inkqubo yendlela oosomajukujuku batya ngayo ngexesha lomsebenzi wabo wasemajukujukwini kubalulekile ukuze baqinisekise ukuphila kwabo kunye nokusebenza kwabo emajukujukwini. Ngoyilo oluchubekileyo kunye netekhnoloji ephucukileyo yeenkqubo zangasese zasemajukujukwini, omnye weyona mingeni isisiseko kodwa ebalulekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla bosomajukujuku uye wasonjululwa.
Ukusuka kwingqwalasela ukuya kwiinkcukacha ekudalweni kwezindlu zangasese kwi-spacecraft, ukuqonda i-physiology kunye neempawu zendalo ye-microgravity, yonke into iye yaqwalaselwa ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kunye nococeko kwinkqubo yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma yomzimba.
Oosomajukujuku babonelelwa ngenkqubo entsonkothileyo yokufunxa kunye nokuhluza evumela uqokelelo olukhuselekileyo kunye nokulahlwa komchamo kunye nelindle, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko kunye nokugcina imeko-bume efanele impilo kunye nokuthuthuzela kwabahlali be-spacecraft.
Ngelixa isihloko sisenokungakhululeki kwabaninzi, ukuqonda indlela oosomajukujuku abadlala ngayo emajukujukwini kubalulekile ukuxabisa ukuntsokotha kunye nemingeni yokuphila nokusebenza kwiindawo ezingaphandle komhlaba. Uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuculo kulo mmandla lunegalelo ekwenzeni ubuthunywa bexesha elizayo bukhuseleke, buzinze ngakumbi kwaye bukhululeke ngakumbi kubahloli bethu bendawo abanesibindi.
NdinguSebastián Vidal, injineli yekhompyuter ethanda itekhnoloji kunye ne-DIY. Ngaphaya koko, ndingumdali we tecnobits.com, apho ndabelana ngee-tutorials ukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kwaye iqondeke kumntu wonke.