Bala Amandla obonelelo lwaMandla

Uhlaziyo lokugqibela: 10/08/2023
Umbhali: USebastian Vidal

Ukubala amandla ombane ngumba osisiseko kuyilo novavanyo lweenkqubo zombane. Le metric ibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo yezixhobo iqhagamshelwe kumthombo wamandla. Kweli phepha elimhlophe, siya kuphonononga iikhonsepthi eziphambili ezibandakanyekayo ekubaleni amandla ombane, kubandakanywa izinto ezichaphazela lo buninzi, iindlela zokubala, kunye neengqwalasela ezibalulekileyo zokugcina engqondweni. Ngendlela engathathi hlangothi, siya kuntywila emhlabeni yamandla ombane kwaye siya kucebisa izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukwenza ezi zibalo ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo.

1. Intshayelelo yokubaluleka kokubala amandla ombane

Ukubala amandla obonelelo lombane linyathelo elibalulekileyo phambi kokufaka nasiphi na isixhobo zombane okanye zombane. Amanzi ombane amisela ubungakanani bamandla anokubonelela ngezixhobo ezixhunyiwe. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiimeko apho kufuneka izixhobo ezininzi ezixhunyiwe okanye xa kusetyenziswa izixhobo eziphezulu.

Ukubala amandla ombane, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela izinto ezininzi. Okokuqala, amandla aqhelekileyo esixhobo ngasinye esiya kudityaniswa nomthombo kufuneka achongwe. Olu lwazi lufumaneka ngokubanzi kwiinkcukacha zobugcisa besixhobo ngasinye. Emva koko, amandla aqhelekileyo we zonke izixhobo eya kunikwa amandla ngumthombo.

Okubalulekileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uvumele i-headroom eyongezelelweyo ukunqanda ukugqithiswa kombane. Ukwenza oku, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla omthombo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwaye amandla ewonke afunyenwe ngaphambili kufuneka aphindaphindwe yinto yokhuseleko, ephakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-20%. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla oluchanekileyo kwizixhobo kwaye uphephe iingxaki ezishushu kakhulu okanye ukusilela kombane.

2. Iingcamango ezisisiseko zokubala amandla ombane

Ukubala amandla ombane, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ezinye iingcamango ezisisiseko eziza kusivumela ukuba senze ukubala ngokuchanekileyo. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba amandla ngumlinganiselo wamandla onokunikezelwa ngumbane ngexesha elithile.

Inkalo ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngoku ifunwa sisixhobo esiza kunikwa amandla. Ukubala amandla, i-voltage yomthombo kufuneka iphindwe ngokuphindwe ngoku efunekayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-current ilinganiswa kwi-amperes (A) kunye ne-voltage kwi-volts (V). Ukufumana amandla kwiiwatts (W), yenza ngokulula lo msebenzi.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezinye izixhobo zombane zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, xa ubala amandla, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqwalasele umda wokhuseleko, ukuphindaphinda umphumo ofunyenwe yinto yokhuseleko. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba unikezelo lwamandla luyakwazi ukunika amandla afunekayo ngokuthembekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kweengxaki.

3. Ukubalwa kwamandla afunekayo kwinkqubo ethile

Ukubala amandla afunekayo kwinkqubo ethile, kufuneka siqale sithathele ingqalelo uhlobo lwenkqubo esiyivavanyayo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo, ezifana neenkqubo zombane, iinkqubo zomoya, iinkqubo zokukhanyisa, phakathi kwabanye. Nganye kwezi nkqubo ineengqwalasela ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zokubala amandla ayimfuneko.

Isixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu sokubala amandla ayimfuneko yifomyula yamandla esisiseko, ebalwa ngokuphindaphinda i-current by voltage. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iinkqubo, ezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nokusebenza kakuhle, amandla ombane, okanye umthwalo omkhulu kunokufuneka ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo.

Umzekelo osebenzayo wokubala amandla ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: cinga ukuba sifuna ukubala amandla afunekayo kwinkqubo yokukhanyisa kwigumbi lokuhlala le-square meter engama-30. Ukumisela oku, kufuneka siqale sithathele ingqalelo inani lezikhanyiso ezifunekayo kunye namandla azo aqhelekileyo. Emva koko, siphindaphinda inani le-luminaires ngamandla alinganisiweyo kwaye sifumane amandla apheleleyo afunekayo ukukhanyisa igumbi lokuhlala.

4. Iingqwalasela zobuchwephesha ekubaleni amandla ombane

Ukubala amandla ombane, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uluhlu lweengcinga zobugcisa. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela umthwalo oza kunikwa amandla. Ubuninzi bangoku obufunwa ngumthwalo kufuneka bunqunywe, kunye ne-voltage input. Le datha ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba unikezelo lwamandla luyakwazi ukunika amandla ayimfuneko.

Emva kokuba ubuninzi be-voltage ekhoyo kunye negalelo lichongiwe, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukusebenza kombane. Lo msebenzi uchazwa njengepesenti kwaye umele ukusebenza kakuhle apho unikezelo lwamandla luguqula igalelo lamandla ombane abe yimveliso yombane. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe unikezelo lwamandla nge ukwenza okuphezulu ukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla kunye nokuqinisekisa unikezelo oluzinzileyo nolusebenzayo.

Enye ingqalelo ebalulekileyo kukukhuselwa kokunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nomthwalo. Kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe umbane ngokukhuselwa kwi-overcurrent, i-short circuits kunye ne-surges. Olu khuselo luqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwawo omabini umthombo wamandla kunye nomthwalo, ukuthintela umonakalo kunye nokwaphuka kwimeko yokusebenza engaqhelekanga. Ukongezelela, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa kunye nesofthiwe ethile yokubala kunye nokuhlalutya amandla afunwa ngumthwalo, oququzelela ukuyila kunye nokukhethwa kwamandla afanelekileyo.

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5. Iindlela zokubala zamandla ombane othe ngqo wangoku

Kukho iindlela zokubala ezahlukeneyo zokumisela amandla ombane othe ngqo wangoku. Ezithathu zezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo ziya kuchazwa ngezantsi:

Indlela yoMthetho ka-Ohm: Le ndlela isebenzisa i-formula P = VI, apho i-P imele amandla, i-V i-voltage, kwaye mna ngoku. Ukubala amandla obonelelo lwamandla, uphinda-phinda umbane ngokuqukuqela kuwo.

Imveliso yendlela yamaxabiso e-RMS: Ngale ndlela, imveliso yexabiso le-RMS yombane kunye nelangoku isetyenziselwa ukubala amandla. Ifomula esetyenzisiweyo ithi P = VRMS * IRMS. Le fomula iluncedo xa i-voltage okanye yangoku iguquguquka ngexesha.

Indlela yokwehlisa amandla ombane: Ngale ndlela, i-voltage iyancipha yokuchasa eyaziwa ngokubala amandla. Ukwenza oku, i-voltage ngaphaya kokuchasana ilinganiswa kwaye i-formula P = V ^ 2 / R isetyenzisiwe, apho i-P ingamandla, i-V yi-voltage kunye no-R ukuchasana. Le ndlela iluncedo ngakumbi xa uzama ukubala amandla asetyenziswa licandelo elithile ngaphakathi kwesekethe.

6. Ukubalwa kwamandla ombane wangoku otshintshanayo

Ukwenza i-, kubalulekile ukuthathela ingqalelo izinto ezininzi. Okulandelayo, inkqubo iya kuboniswa Inyathelo nenyathelo ukulungisa le ngxaki:

  1. Chonga iiparamitha eziyimfuneko: ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na ukubala, kubalulekile ukwazi i-voltage (V) kunye nexabiso langoku (I) elinikezelwe ngumbane. Ezi datha zidla ngokuboniswa kwileyibhile yesixhobo okanye kwincwadi yemiyalelo.
  2. Bala Amandla abonakalayo (ama-S): Amandla abonakalayo sisixa sisonke samandla anikezelwe ngumbane. Ibalwa ngokuphindaphinda i-voltage (V) ngoku (I) usebenzisa i-formula S = V * I.
  3. Qwalasela into yamandla (PF): into yamandla imele ukusebenza kakuhle kunye ne esetyenzisiweyo amandla anikezelweyo. Eli xabiso lihluka phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-1, apho i-1 ibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-100%. Ukubala amandla okwenene (P), amandla abonakalayo (S) aphindwe ngamandla (PF), usebenzisa ifomula P = S * FP.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amandla ombane anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nomthwalo oqhagamshelwe kumthombo wamandla. Kwezinye iimeko, kuyenzeka ukufumana ixabiso le factor yamandla kwincwadi yemiyalelo okanye iinkcukacha zesixhobo. Ukuba akunjalo, imitha yokulinganisa amandla ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana olu lwazi.

7. Indlela yokumisela ukusebenza kakuhle kombane kunye nokulungelelanisa amandla ayo

Ukusebenza kakuhle konikezelo lwamandla ngumba obalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yombane. Ukumisela ukusebenza kakuhle konikezelo lwamandla kunye nokulungelelanisa amandla ayo kunokusinceda ukwandisa ukusebenza kunye nokugcina amandla. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo ayimfuneko ukwenza le nkqubo ngokufanelekileyo.

  1. Ukulinganisa igalelo kunye nemveliso yamandla:

    2. Okokuqala, kufuneka silinganise amandla okufaka kunye nokuphuma kwamandla ombane usebenzisa imitha yamandla. Qhagamshela imitha yamandla phakathi komthombo wamandla kunye nomthwalo ukulinganisa amandla okufaka. Emva koko ulinganise amandla okuvelisa ngokudibanisa imitha yamandla phakathi komthwalo kunye nesixhobo esinamandla.

  2. Bala ukusebenza kakuhle:

    3. Emva kokuba sinomlinganiselo wegalelo kunye nemveliso yamandla, sinokubala ukusebenza kakuhle konikezelo lwamandla. Ifomula yokubala ukusebenza kakuhle ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: UkuSebenza (%) = (Amandla emveliso / Amandla oNgeniso) * 100. Ukuba sifumana umphumo okufutshane ne-100%, oko kuthetha ukuba unikezelo lwamandla lusebenza kakhulu.

  3. Lungisa amandla:

    4. Ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kokunikezelwa kwamandla kuphantsi, sinokuthatha amanyathelo okulungelelanisa amandla ayo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo. Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokulungelelanisa amandla kukusebenzisa i-voltage regulator okanye isiguquli samandla. Ezi zixhobo zisivumela ukuba silawule amandla anikezelwa ngumbane kwaye silungelelanise iimfuno zomthwalo. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba unikezelo lwamandla lulinganiswe ngokufanelekileyo kumthwalo, njengoko unikezelo lwamandla olugqithisiweyo lunokubangela ukuchithwa kwamandla.

8. Impembelelo yezinto zamandla kunye ne-harmonics ekubaleni amandla

Izinto zamandla kunye ne-harmonics zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubaleni amandla ombane. Ukungaphumeleli ukuqwalasela le miba kunokubangela umlinganiselo ongachanekanga kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yombane. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda impembelelo yayo kunye nendlela yokubala ngokuchanekileyo amandla ngokuqwalasela le miba.

Ukubala amandla athathela ingqalelo izinto zamandla kunye ne-harmonics, kuyimfuneko ukulandela amanyathelo athile. Okokuqala, amandla abonakalayo kufuneka afumaneke, abalwa ngokuphindaphinda i-voltage ngoku. Okulandelayo, into yamandla kufuneka imiselwe, ngumlinganiselo phakathi kwamandla asebenzayo kunye namandla abonakalayo. Oku kubalwa ngokwahlula amandla asebenzayo ngamandla abonakalayo. Ekugqibeleni, ukuqwalasela i-harmonics, uhlalutyo lwe-Fourier kufuneka lwenziwe ukubola i-waveform ibe ngamacandelo ayo e-harmonic kwaye ngaloo ndlela imisele impembelelo yayo kumandla.

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Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kukho izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nesofthiwe eyenza ukubalwa kwezinto zamandla kunye nohlalutyo lwe-harmonic. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya imisebenzi yokwenza imilinganiselo, amandla achanekileyo, kunye nokumisela ubukho kunye nefuthe le-harmonics kwinkqubo yombane. Ngokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo, inkqubo yenziwa lula kwaye iziphumo ezichanekileyo zifunyenwe. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe imilinganiselo ngamaxesha ukuqinisekisa ukuba amandla abalwayo ahlala ngaphakathi kwemida eyamkelekileyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.

9. Izixhobo kunye nezibonelelo zokuququzelela ukubalwa kwamandla ombane

Ukubala amanzi ombane kunokuba yinkqubo enzima, kodwa kukho izixhobo ezininzi kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo ezinokwenza lo msebenzi ube lula. Apha ngezantsi kukho iinketho ezinokuba luncedo ekumiseleni ngokuchanekileyo amandla afunekayo kubonelelo lombane:

  • Calculadoras en línea: Okwangoku, kukho ezininzi zokubala kwi-intanethi ezikuvumela ukuba ufake amaxabiso ahambelana nombane ofunekayo kunye nowangoku, kwaye ubuyisele ngokuzenzekelayo umphumo wamandla afunekayo. Ezi zixhobo zidla ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, nangona kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithombo ethembekileyo iyasetyenziswa.
  • Isoftware yoyilo lwesekethe: Ezinye iinkqubo zoyilo lweesekethe, ezifana ne-LTspice okanye iProteus, zibandakanya ukusebenza okuthe ngqo ekubaleni umbane kunikezelo lwamandla. Ezi zixhobo zinika amandla okulinganisa kunye nokuhlalutya ukusebenza kwesiphaluka esipheleleyo sombane, ukuvumela uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwamandla afunekayo.
  • Iimanuwali zabavelisi kunye nezikhokelo: Abavelisi bokubonelela ngombane bahlala bebonelela ngeemanyuwali kunye nezikhokelo zobugcisa eziqulethe ulwazi olucacileyo malunga nokubala kwamandla. La maxwebhu aquka iifomyula, imizekelo, kunye neengqwalasela ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni xa ulinganisa unikezelo lwamandla. Ukujonga le mithombo yolwazi kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukubala okuchanekileyo.

Xa usebenzisa naziphi na ezi zixhobo okanye izixhobo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukubalwa kwamandla ombane kufuneka kusekelwe kuhlalutyo olupheleleyo lweemfuno zenkqubo. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezinje ngegalelo lombane, ukusebenza kakuhle koguqulo, ilahleko yamandla kunye neemfuno ezithile zesicelo ngasinye. Ngaphaya koko, kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe iimvavanyo zokwenyani kunye nemilinganiselo yokuqinisekisa iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kubalo lwethiyori.

10. Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe unikezelo lwamandla olugciniweyo

Xa ukhetha unikezelo lwamandla olugciniweyo kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezininzi zokuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla oluthembekileyo kwimeko yokucima kombane. Nantsi imiba ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule:

1. Umthamo womthwalo: Qinisekisa ukuba umthombo wamandla ogciniweyo unomthamo owaneleyo wokugcina zonke izixhobo ezibalulekileyo kunye nezixhobo zisebenza ngexesha lokucima kombane. Kubalulekile ukubala umthwalo opheleleyo ofunekayo ukuxhaswa, kubandakanywa iikhomputha, iiseva, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano, phakathi kwabanye. Oku kuya kunceda ukugqiba umthamo ofunekayo wonikezelo lwamandla.

2. Uhlobo lonikezelo lwamandla: Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonikezelo lwamandla olugciniweyo olukhoyo kwimarike, njenge-UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply), iijeneretha ze-diesel kunye neenkqubo zebhetri. Uhlobo ngalunye lunolwalo iingenelo kunye nokungalungi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuvavanya ukuba yeyiphi eyona ifanele iimfuno zakho. Ii-UPS zifanelekile ekukhuseleni izixhobo ezinovakalelo ekuphazamisekeni kwamandla kwaye zibonelela ngenguqu egudileyo ukuya kwimowudi yokulinda xa kuthe kumke umbane. Iijenereyitha ze-diesel zezona zilungele ukunika amandla amaziko amakhulu ngexesha elide. Iinkqubo zebhetri lukhetho oluzinzileyo noluthuleyo, kodwa lufuna ixesha lokutshaja kwakhona.

3. Iimeko zokusingqongileyo: Qwalasela iimeko zokusingqongileyo apho unikezelo lwamandla olugciniweyo luya kusetyenziswa. Ukuba indawo okuyo ibonakaliswe kukuhla kwamandla ombane rhoqo, ukunyuka, okanye ukuhla, qiniseka ukuba ukhetha unikezelo lombane olunokumelana nezi meko kwaye ukhusele isixhobo sakho emonakalweni. Kwakhona, qwalasela indawo ekhoyo yokufakela umbane kwaye ukhangele ukuba kukho nayiphi na imfuneko yokungena umoya okhethekileyo okanye ukhuseleko olufunekayo.

11. Ukubalwa kwamandla ombane ngokuhambelana okanye ulungelelwaniso lothotho

Xa uyila inkqubo yamandla, kubalulekile ukubala amandla ewonke amandla asetyenziswayo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa usebenzisa ulungelelwaniso oluhambelanayo okanye uluhlu olunemithombo emininzi. Ukubala amandla ewonke kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo inomthamo owaneleyo kwaye ugweme ukungaphumeleli okanye umonakalo kumacandelo.

Ukubala amandla ewonke kulungiselelo oluhambelanayo, la manyathelo alandelayo kufuneka alandelwe:

  • Chonga umlinganiselo wamandla ombane ngamnye kwiiwatts (W).
  • Yongeza zonke iireyithingi zamandla ukufumana amandla ewonke kwiiwatts.

Kwelinye icala, ukuba luqwalaselo lothotho, amanyathelo okubala amandla ewonke angoluhlobo lulandelayo:

  • Chonga umbane oqhelekileyo wonikezelo lwamandla ngamnye kwiivolthi (V).
  • Phindaphinda-phinda onke amandla ombane aqhelekileyo ukufumana amandla ombane ewonke kwiivolthi.
  • Chonga umsinga olinganisiweyo wobonelelo lwamandla ngamnye kwi-amperes (A).
  • Phindaphinda-phinda yonke imisinga ekalisiweyo ukufumana itotali yangoku kwii-ampere.
  • Bala amandla ewonke ngokuphindaphinda amandla ombane ewonke ngetotali yangoku kwiiwatts.
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Khumbula ukuba kubalulekile ukuhlala usebenzisa izixhobo zombane zohlobo olufanayo kunye neempawu ezifanayo. Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba amanye amacandelo anokuba nelahleko okanye ukungasebenzi, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubandakanye umda owongezelelweyo kwisibalo samandla ewonke. Ngokulandela la manyathelo ungabala ngempumelelo amandla onikezelo lwamandla ngokuhambelana okanye ulungelelwaniso lothotho.

12. Imiba ephambili yokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye namandla aneleyo obonelelo lwamandla

Xa ukhetha unikezelo lwamandla kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi yombane, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iinkalo ezininzi eziphambili eziza kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwayo kunye namandla aneleyo. Le miba iya kunceda ukuphepha iingxaki nge-voltage engazinzanga, ukulayisha ngaphezulu, iisekethe ezimfutshane kunye nokunye ukusilela okungonakalisa amacandelo esixhobo. Ngezantsi kukho iingcebiso kunye neengqwalasela zokuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla oluthembekileyo:

  1. Bala umthwalo uwonke: Ngaphambi kokukhetha unikezelo lwamandla, kubalulekile ukumisela umthwalo opheleleyo oya kuwufuna inkqubo. Lo mthwalo uquka ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonke iinxalenye zeprojekthi, ezifana ne-microcontroller, i-sensor, i-activators kunye ezinye izixhobo. Sebenzisa isixa semisinga yecandelo ngalinye kwaye wongeze i-headroom eyongezelelweyo yokwandiswa kwexesha elizayo okanye imithwalo ephezulu.
  2. Qwalasela ukusebenza kakuhle: Ukusebenza kakuhle konikezelo lwamandla yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Unikezelo lwamandla ngobuchule obuphezulu luya kuguqula uninzi lwamandla okufaka amandla kumandla aluncedo, ukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla ngendlela yobushushu. Oku akuncedi kuphela ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kodwa kuthintela ukugqithiswa kombane kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuphila.
  3. Jonga amandla ombane kunye namanqanaba angoku: Qinisekisa ukuba unikezelo lwamandla lunakho ukunika amandla ombane ayimfuneko kunye nangoku kumacandelo enkqubo. Hlaziya iinkcukacha zesixhobo ngasinye kwaye uthelekise neemfuno zobonelelo lwamandla. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe umthombo onamandla aphezulu kunamaxabiso afunekayo ukunqanda imida ekusebenzeni kunye nokubonelela ngomda wokhuseleko.

13. Uphononongo lweemeko eziphathekayo ekubaleni amandla obonelelo lwamandla

Kulo mzekelo, imizekelo ebonakalayo iya kuboniswa malunga nokubalwa njani amandla ombane. Olu balo lubalulekile kuyilo kunye nobungakanani beenkqubo zombane, kuba oko kumisela ubungakanani bamandla ayimfuneko ukunika amandla amacandelo. Apha ngezantsi kukho inyathelo ngenyathelo lokusombulula lo mba.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukwazi i-voltage yegalelo kunye nombane wombane. La maxabiso anokufumaneka kwiinkcukacha zomenzi. Emva kokuba ezi datha zifunyenwe, amandla abonakalayo kufuneka abalwe ngokuphindaphinda i-voltage ngoku. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amandla abonakalayo ngawona mandla aphezulu anokubonelela ngombane.

Okulandelayo, into yamandla kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Eli xabiso libonisa ukusebenza kakuhle konikezelo lwamandla ekuguquleni amandla ombane abe ngamandla aluncedo. Ukubala amandla okwenene, amandla abonakalayo kufuneka aphindwe ngamandla. Umba wamandla udla ngokufunyanwa kwiinkcukacha zomenzi kwaye uchazwa njengenani ledesimali phakathi kuka-0 kunye no-1. Xa umbane usondele ku-1, kokukhona unikezelo lwamandla luya kusebenza.

14. Izigqibo kunye neengcebiso zokubala amandla obonelelo lombane ngempumelelo nangokuchanekileyo

Isishwankathelo, ukubala amandla obonelelo lwamandla ngokuchanekileyo nangempumelelo kufuna ukulandelwa okuthile amanyathelo aphambili. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukumisela umthwalo opheleleyo wenkqubo, oko kukuthi, ubungakanani bamandla asetyenziswa licandelo ngalinye lombane eliqhagamshelwe kumthombo.

Nje ukuba umthwalo opheleleyo uyaziwa, umbane ophezulu ofunekayo kwicandelo ngalinye kufuneka uhlalutywe ukuze unqume i-voltage efunekayo yokukhupha unikezelo. Olu lwazi lubalulekile ekukhetheni unikezelo lwamandla olufanelekileyo.

Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukusebenza kakuhle konikezelo lwamandla. Ukwenza oku, izixhobo zokubala kwi-intanethi okanye isoftware ekhethekileyo ingasetyenziselwa ukunika uqikelelo oluchanekileyo. Ezi zixhobo zinokuthathela ingqalelo izinto ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngosetyenziso lwamandla oluphezulu, ukuqalisa kombane, kunye nemida yokhuseleko.

Isishwankathelo, ukubala amandla obonelelo lwamandla kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla olwaneleyo kuwo onke amacandelo enkqubo yombane. Ubalo lusekwe kwisambuku samagunya aqingqiweyo esixhobo ngasinye esiqhagamshelweyo kwaye kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo izinto ezifana nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nomda wokhuseleko. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba unikezelo lwamandla oluncinci lunokubangela ukusebenza kakubi okanye umonakalo wecandelo, ngelixa unikezelo olugqithisiweyo lungaba yimfuneko kwaye lubiza. Ngokulandela ngokufanelekileyo amanyathelo okubala amandla ayimfuneko, unokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuthembekileyo kwenkqubo ye-elektroniki.