Uyifihla njani i-USB flash drive ngeVeraCrypt: isikhokelo esipheleleyo, iingcebiso, kunye nezinye iindlela

Ukuba uphatha ulwazi olubuthathaka kwi-USB, Fihla i-USB flash drive ngeVeraCrypt Sesinye sezo zigqibo ezikugcinela iingxaki ezininzi. Kwimizuzu embalwa, unokuguqula imemori yakho ibe yindawo ekhuselekileyo: ngaphandle kwesitshixo, akukho mntu unokufunda nantoni na, nokuba isixhobo sakho silahlekile okanye sibiwe.

I-VeraCrypt Iyabonakala ngokuba isimahla, umthombo ovulekileyo kunye neqonga elibanzi (IWindows, macOS, kunye neLinux). Ikwaxhasa i-algorithms ye-top-tier algorithms efana ne-AES, iSerpent, kunye ne-Twofish, kwaye izuze ukuthenjwa kweengcali kunye nabantu ngokufanayo ngokubonakala kwayo kunye nokuvela rhoqo.

Kutheni usebenzisa iVeraCrypt kwiflash drive yakho?

Kangangeminyaka, i-TrueCrypt yayiyireferensi yokufihla iidiski kunye nee-USB, kodwa uphuhliso lwayo lwanqunyanyiswa ngo-2014Ukusukela ngoko, iVeraCrypt ithathe indawo njengefolokhwe yeprojekthi yokuqala, ukulungisa imiba, ukubandakanya ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko, kunye nokugcina umoya womthombo ovulekileyo.

NgeVeraCrypt unako yenza imiqulu efihliweyo kwiifayile (izikhongozeli), izahlulelo ezifihliweyo, okanye inkqubo yediski enoqinisekiso lokuqalisa kwangaphambili. Nabani na ongenalo igama eliyimfihlo (kwaye, ukuba uyafuna, isitshixo sakho kunye nefayile yePIM), ayifikeleli kwidatha.

Ixesha layo langempela "kwi-fly" inkxaso yokubethela ithetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa kunjalo ecacileyo kwaye ezenzekelayo: Ukopisha / uvule iifayile kwi-drive ephakanyisiweyo kwaye i-VeraCrypt ithatha inkathalo ye-encryption / decryption ngaphandle kokuzabalaza ngamanyathelo ongezelelweyo.

Ukongeza kukhuseleko, kukho ukusebenza: ukuba usebenzisa i-AES kunye ne-CPU yakho ixhasa I-AES-NIUya kuqaphela isantya esiphezulu kakhulu sokufunda/sokubhala. Oku kusebenza nakwiikhomputha ngaphandle kwe-AES-NI, kodwa ukusebenza kuya kuba ngaphantsi.

Yintoni kanye onokuyenza?

IVeraCrypt ibonelela ngezinto ezininzi eziphambili ezigubungela phantse nayiphi na imfuno yofihlo kwi-USB kunye neediski. Zizo ezi iimpawu eziphambili:

• Yenza isikhongozeli esintsonkothileyo: ifayile esebenza njenge diski enenyani ekhuselweyo ngegama lokugqitha (kunye nezinye iinketho).
• Fihla isahlulo sesibini/ukuqhuba: ilungele encrypted ngokupheleleyo USB flash drive okanye i-hard drive yangaphandle.
• Fihla indlela yokwahlulahlula/ukuqhuba: Ukhuseleko olupheleleyo ngoqinisekiso lwe-pre-boot.
• Idiski yokuhlangula: izinto eziluncedo zokubuyisela kwiimeko ezinzima.

Ukongeza, ikuvumela ukuba wenze a umthamo ofihliweyo ngaphakathi komnye umthamo, ubuchule obuluncedo kwiimeko zoxinzelelo: unokutyhila igama eligqithisiweyo elivula umthamo "wangaphandle" ngaphandle kokutyhila okufihliweyo.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise: Khuphela, ulwimi, kunye nenguqulelo ephathekayo

Khuphela iVeraCrypt kwifowuni yakho iwebhusayithi esemthethweni kwaye uyifake. Emva kokuyivula, ungayiseta kwiSpanish ngokuya kwi "Settings"> "Ulwimi"> "Spanish." Ijika lokufunda lilula, kwaye i-interface iyakukhokela kumanyathelo kakuhle.

Kukho i inguqulelo ephathekayo ekuvumela ukuba usebenzise iVeraCrypt ngaphandle kokuyifaka ngokusesikweni kwikhompyuter yakho (iluncedo kakhulu ukuba uhambisa i-USB phakathi kweekhompyuter). Nangona kunjalo, uya kufuna iimvume zomlawuli ukunyusa imiqulu, njengoko abaqhubi belayishiwe.

Qaphela: ukuba uyahamba encrypted ngokupheleleyo pendrive (hayi nje ukudala isitya), inkqubo ifomathi yentando ukuqhuba. Yenza ikopi okanye uyikhuphe kuqala. Ukuba wenza kuphela isikhongozeli esinye kwi-USB, ezinye aziyi kucinywa.

Iinguqulelo zangoku ezicatshulwe kwimithombo: 1.26.24 yeWindows kunye neMacOS, ngohlaziyo lwamva nje lomxholo ngoJulayi 2025. Soloko ujonga ukuba uhlaziyo oluzinzileyo luyafumaneka.

Yenza isikhongozeli esifihliweyo kwi-flash drive yakho

Isikhongozeli yeyona ndlela ithambileyo: ifayile efihliweyo oyinyukayo njenge diski nalapho ugcina nantoni na oyifunayo. Ungayisusa okanye uyikhuphele njengayo nayiphi na ifayile eqhelekileyo.

1. Vula iVeraCrypt kwaye ucinezele "Yenza umthamo" ukuqalisa i-wizard.
2. Khetha "Yenza ifayile yesikhongozeli esifihliweyo" kwaye uqhubeke ngo "Okulandelayo".
3. Khetha Umthamo osemgangathweni weVeraCrypt (okanye "iVolume yeVeraCrypt eqhelekileyo"). Ngaphantsi kwe-"Indawo," cofa "Khetha ifayile", yiya kwi-USB yakho kwaye uchwetheze igama lefayile enentsingiselo (ungakhethi ifayile ekhoyo). Emva koko, "Gcina".
4. Kwi "Encryption Options" ungagcina I-AES Ngokungagqibekanga, ibonelela ngokhuseleko oluninzi kunye nokusebenza okukhulu. Cofa "Okulandelayo."
5. Chaza ubungakanani bevolumu: ubungakanani befayile yesikhongozeli. "Okulandelayo".
6. Misela i iphasiwedi eqinileyo. Ngokukodwa yongeza ifayile engundoqo (umfanekiso, iMP3, njl.njl.) ngo "Iifayile ezingundoqo..." kwaye uvule ukuba ufuna i I-PIM (inombolo eyimfihlo eyenza ukufikelela kube nzima ngakumbi). Khumbula: ixesha elide kwaye lithe kratya, lingcono.
7. Khetha inkqubo yefayile: I-FAT yokuhambelana kunye neefayile ezincinci kune-4 GB; ukuba uza kugcina iifayile ezinkulu, khetha i-exFAT okanye i-NTFS. Cinezela "Format" xa yonke into ilungile.
8. Hambisa imouse ngokungakhethiyo ujikeleze ifestile de ibe yibha yeentropy ijika ibe luhlaza. IVeraCrypt isebenzisa ezi ntshukumo ukwenza izitshixo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
9. Xa ugqibile, qinisekisa ngo "Yamkela" kwaye uvale nge "Phuma"Ngoku unesikhongozeli sakho esilungile.

Ungenza i ifayile yesitshixo random ngokupheleleyo: VeraCrypt urekhoda i iintshukumo zegundane kangange ~30 imizuzwana ukwenza imathiriyeli ye-cryptographic ekhethekileyo. Yikhathalele kakhulu njenge-password.

Nyusa kwaye usebenzise ivolyum yakho efihliweyo

Ukufikelela kumxholo, kufuneka nyusa umthamo (I-VeraCrypt ibiza oku kunyuswa okanye ukudibanisa.) Yinkqubo ekhawulezayo:

1. Kwifestile engundoqo, cofa "Gcina ..." kwaye ukhethe isikhongozeli se-USB.
2. Khetha enye ileta yeyunithi ziyafumaneka kuluhlu.
3. Cinezela "Intaba" (okanye "Hlanganisa"), faka igama eligqithisiweyo, yongeza ifayile yesitshixo kunye nePIM ukuba uyayisebenzisa, kwaye uqinisekise.
4. Ivolumu iya kuvela njenge i-albhamu entsha kwinkqubo yakho. Ngoku unokukopa, ufunde, kwaye uhlele iifayile ngesiqhelo.
5. Ukuvala, cofa "Qhawula" (okanye "Yehlisa Konke"). Unako kwakhona "Phuma" kwiqhosha leVeraCrypt ngokwayo.

Khumbula ukuba ngelixa i-USB drive yakho ifakwe kwiVeraCrypt, umxholo ulawulwa "kwi-fly": ixesha lokwenyani uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo/uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo ngaphandle kwamanyathelo ongezelelweyo.

Fihla yonke i-USB flash drive

Ukuba ukhetha i-pendrive yonke ukuba iguqulelwe ngokuntsonkothileyo (akukho zikhongozeli), iVeraCrypt ikuvumela ukuba uguqule idrayivu ibe yifayile isixhobo esikhuseleke ngokupheleleyo. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba inkqubo yokusebenza iya kuyibona i-USB njengengalungiswanga de uyibeke ngeVeraCrypt.

1. Faka i-USB kwaye uvule "Yenza uMqulu".
2. Khetha "Shicilela isahlulo sesibini / ukuqhuba".
3. Khetha IVolume yeVeraCrypt eqhelekileyo (okanye efihliweyo ukuba ufuna loo maleko owongezelelweyo).
4. Phawula isahlulo sependrive (umzekelo, E:) kwaye wamkele.
5. Iwizard ibonelela ngeendlela ezimbini:
   • Yenza ivolyum efihliweyo kwaye uyifomethe: Icima i-drive kwaye iyakhawuleza.
   • Fihla ulwahlulo ngelixa ugcina idatha: igcina ulwazi, kodwa kuthatha ixesha elide.
6. Cwangcisa uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo (i-AES lukhetho olukhulu) kunye ne-hashing (engagqibekanga i-SHA-512 okanye, ukuba ukhetha ubukrelekrele obukhulu, I-SHA-256 (Ikwasemagqabini).
7. Chaza eyakho inombolo yokuvula (kwaye, ukuba uyafuna, isitshixo kunye nefayile yePIM). Okukhona kuntsokothileyo, kokukhona kungcono.
8. Hambisa imouse ukunyusa i-entropy kwaye ucinezele "Ifomathi" (okanye qalisa uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo kwindawo ukuba ukhetha ukugcina idatha).

Xa igqityiwe, iWindows isaza kubonisa unobumba wokuqala (umzekelo, E:), kodwa ayiyi kukwazi ukuyivula. Ukuyisebenzisa, yiya kuVeraCrypt> Khetha izixhobo, khetha ulwahlulo, nyuka ngesitshixo sakho kwaye uya kubona omnye unobumba (umzekelo, F:) eyidrive efihliweyo elungele ukusebenza.

Imiqulu efihliweyo: ukuKhuselwa ngokuchasene nokuNyanzeliswa

Ukubethela i-pendrive ngeVeraCrypt ikuvumela ukuba wenze i umthamo ofihliweyo phakathi komnye umthamo. Oku kuluncedo ukuba umntu uyakunyanzela ukuba uveze igama eligqithisiweyo: unganika igama eligqithisiweyo levolumu yangaphandle, eya kuba nedatha "yesigcwalisi", ngelixa ivolumu yangaphakathi ngeefayile zakho ezibalulekileyo zihlala zingabonakali.

Inkqubo yesishwankathelo: kuqala wenza i umthamo wangaphandle (uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, ihashi, ubungakanani, ifomathi, igama lokugqitha). Emva koko, kwiwizard efanayo, udala ifayile umthamo ofihliweyo (enegama eligqithisiweyo, ufihlo kunye nobukhulu), ethatha indawo ngaphakathi ngaphandle.

Kubalulekile: hamba umda wendawoUkuba ugcwalisa umthamo wangaphandle kakhulu, ungabhala ngaphezulu kweyangaphakathi. IVeraCrypt iyalumkisa, kodwa kungcono ukuba ulumke.

Ungayinyusa enye okanye enye ngokufaka i igama lokugqitha elihambelanayo. Ngesitshixo sangaphandle, umthamo wangaphandle uphakanyiswe; ngesitshixo sangaphakathi, umthamo ofihliweyo unyuswa. Akunakwenzeka ukuba umhlaseli aqinisekise ukuba lo mqulu wesibini ukhona.

Fihla iWindows epheleleyo ngokuqalisa kwangaphambili

Ukongeza kwiipendrives, iVeraCrypt ifihla isahlulelo okanye iyunithi yenkqubo epheleleyoYinkqubo ebuthathaka: yenza ugcino olupheleleyo kuqala.

1. Yiya ku "Yenza uMqulu"> "Fihla yonke inkqubo yokwahlulahlula/ukuqhuba".
2. Khetha imo Eqhelekileyo (o Ifihliwe ukuba ufuna isixokelelwano esifihlakeleyo) kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokufihla kuphela isahlulelo seWindows okanye idiski yonke.
3. Ukuba usebenzisa i-multiboot, khetha ukhetho olufanelekileyo; kungenjalo, Isiqalo esilula.
4. Qwalasela uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo (i-AES iyacetyiswa), i-hash (SHA-512 okanye i-SHA-256), kunye nendlela yakho yoqinisekiso.
5. Yenza i idiski yokuhlangula kulandela iwizard.
6. Ngokuzikhethela: chaza umgaqo-nkqubo ukucima ngokukhuselekileyo kwiifayile ezicinyiweyo.
7. Uvavanyo, qinisekisa kwaye uqalise kwakhona: inkqubo iya kucela isitshixo ngaphambi kokuba uqale.

Ukuba uyalibala igama lakho eliyimfihlo okanye lonakele, idiski yokuhlangula ingakugcina. Sekunjalo, sukuzihoya ii-backups zakho.

Kunini xa kufanelekile ukuguqulelwa kwikhowudi?

Ukuba wabelana ngamaxwebhu efini, ukophulwa kokhuseleko kunokukushiya ubhengeziwe. Ngaphambi kokufaka, encrypted ngeVeraCrypt kwaye uya kuba noluhlu olongezelelweyo ngokuchasene nofikelelo olungagunyaziswanga.

Kwiikhompyutha ekwabelwana ngazo, nokuba kusekhaya okanye emsebenzini, awusoloko unolawulo lokuba ngubani obukele ntoni. Gcina iiprojekthi zakho kunye idatha yobuqu phantsi kwetshixo kunye nesitshixo kunye nemiqulu efihliweyo.

Ngembono ye i-malware okanye ukungena (i-Trojans, i-ransomware, ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga), ukufihlwa kwongeza umaleko wokuzikhusela: nokuba bangena, abayi kuwufunda umxholo ngaphandle kwezitshixo.

Ukuba iiakhawunti zakho zisengozini kwaye umntu ufumana iifayile zakho, zifumane uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lunciphisa impembeleloUcoceko lwegama eliyimfihlo kunye nolawulo lwemathiriyeli ye-cryptographic ngundoqo.

Kwiindawo zobungcali, imimiselo ifuna ukukhuselwa kolwazi olubuthathaka. I-LOPD kunye nezinye izikhokelo ziseka ufihlo kunye neemfuno eziphambili zolawulo, ngakumbi xa iinkcukacha zomntu ezikumgangatho ophezulu, iimfihlo zorhwebo okanye ukuthintela ukuthengiswa kwemali kubandakanyeka.

Izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo kwi-pendrive ngeVeraCrypt yi simahla. Inkqubo iqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa i-robust, i-multi-platform algorithms. Idibanisa ukhuseleko kunye nokungafihli, kwaye imowudi yayo ephathekayo ilunge kakhulu kwi-USB flash drives.

Ngembuyekezo, ifuna a ubuncinane bokufunda, kwaye uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo/uguqulelo lokuntsonkotha lunamandla obutyebi (nangaphezulu ukuba i-CPU yakho ayinayo i-AES-NI). Kwifayile enye, unokufumana i-7-Zip iluncedo ngakumbi.

Ukongeza, kufuneka sicinge malunga ukuhambelana Phakathi kweenkqubo: Isitya sivula apho iVeraCrypt ikhona; isixhobo esinoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo ngokupheleleyo sizakubonakala singafundeki de sixhonywe ngesixhobo.

Owona mngcipheko mkhulu Lahla igama lokugqithisa (okanye isitshixo/ifayile yePIM): ngaphandle koko, kuphelile. Gcina ii-backups kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo onzima wokuqinisekisa kwakho.

Njengaso nasiphi na isikhongozeli, ukuba sonakala sinokuchaphazela konke okukuso. Nciphisa imingcipheko nge iikopi, ukuvalwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-hardware ethembekileyo.

Ngayo yonke le nto ingentla, unesicwangciso esigqibeleleyo sokukhusela iidrive zakho ze-USB: fihla i-USB flash drive ngeVeraCrypt, ukusuka kwisikhongozelo esilula nesikhawulezayo esifihliweyo ukuya kwi-encryption epheleleyo yesixhobo, kubandakanya imiqulu efihliweyo, izitshixo ezidityanisiweyo, kunye neenketho eziphambili zeWindows, iMacOS, iLinux, kunye noBuntu. Ukuba wongeza iindlela ezimbalwa ezilungileyo kunye nesicwangciso esilungileyo segama lokugqitha, I-VeraCrypt pendrive yakho iya kukhuseleka ekujongeni amehlo..