Indlela yokuvula ifayile ye-PHP

Ngokunyuka kwenkqubo yewebhu, ukuvula kunye nokuhlela iifayile ze-PHP kuye kwaba ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo kubaphuhlisi. Ifayile ye-PHP iqulethe ikhowudi ebhalwe ngolwimi lweprogram ye-PHP, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuvelisa umxholo oguqukayo kwiiwebhusayithi. Ukufunda indlela yokuvula ezi fayile ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukwenza uhlengahlengiso kunye nokuphuculwa kweeprojekthi zophuhliso. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvula ifayile ye-PHP kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo ukusebenza nayo ngokufanelekileyo.

1. Intshayelelo kwiifayile ze-PHP: Ziyintoni kwaye zisebenza njani?

Iifayile ze-PHP ngamaxwebhu okubhaliweyo aqulethe ikhowudi ye-PHP, ulwimi lwenkqubo olusetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwewebhu oluguqukayo. Ezi fayile zinesandiso ".php" kwaye zinokuqulatha zombini ikhowudi yeHTML kunye nekhowudi ye-PHP.

Ikhowudi ye-PHP isebenza kumncedisi ngaphambi kokuba umphumo uthunyelwe kwisikhangeli, ikuvumela ukuba uvelise umxholo oguqukayo kwaye wenze izenzo ezifana nokuthumela ii-imeyile, ukufikelela kwiinkcukacha, kunye neefom zokucubungula. Ukuze ifayile ye-PHP isebenze, kufuneka isingathwe kwiseva yewebhu exhasa i-PHP, njenge-Apache okanye i-Nginx.

Xa isikhangeli sicela ifayile ye-PHP, iseva yewebhu itolika ikhowudi ye-PHP kwaye ivelise imveliso ye-HTML ethunyelwa kwisikhangeli. Oku kukuvumela ukuba wenze amaphepha ewebhu aguqukayo anokubonisa ulwazi lwangoku, ukusebenzisana nabasebenzisi, kunye nokwenza imisebenzi enzima. Nge-PHP, kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa i-database, ukuqinisekisa abasebenzisi, ukuphatha iifayile kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi kuphuhliso lwewebhu.

2. Ukuseta kwasekuqaleni: Ukulungisa okusingqongileyo ukuze uvule ifayile ye-PHP

Ukuvula ifayile ye-PHP kwindawo yakho yokusebenza, kufuneka wenze uqwalaselo lokuqala. Okulandelayo, siya kuchaza amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukulungiselela indawo yakho kwaye ukwazi ukusebenza ngeefayile ze-PHP ngokufanelekileyo.

1. Faka iseva yewebhu: Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukufaka iseva yewebhu kwikhompyuter yakho. Ezinye iinketho ezidumileyo yiApache, Nginx okanye IIS. Ungafumana izifundo kwi-intanethi eziya kukukhokela ngokufakela kunye nenkqubo yoqwalaselo nganye kwezi seva zewebhu.

2. Qwalasela umncedisi wewebhu: Emva kokuba ufake iseva yewebhu, kubalulekile ukuyiqwalasela ukuze ikwazi ukuphumeza iifayile ze-PHP. Kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba unayo i-PHP efakwe kwisistim yakho kwaye uyidibanise ngokuchanekileyo kunye nomncedisi wewebhu. Ungabhekisa kuxwebhu olusemthethweni lwe-PHP ngemiyalelo eneenkcukacha malunga nendlela yokuqwalasela umncedisi wewebhu.

3. Yenza uvavanyo lwefayile ye-PHP: Nje ukuba uqwalasele iseva yewebhu, unokwenza uvavanyo lwefayile ye-PHP ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into isebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Vula umhleli wombhalo kwaye ubhale le khowudi ilandelayo:

«`php

«`

Gcina ifayile ngolwandiso lwe-.php, umzekelo, "test.php." Emva koko, beka le fayile kuluhlu lweengcambu zomncedisi wakho wewebhu. Ngoku, unokuvula isikhangeli sakho sewebhu kwaye ufake idilesi `http://localhost/test.php`. Ukuba yonke into imiswe ngokuchanekileyo, uya kubona umyalezo othi "Molo hlabathi!" kwisikhangeli sakho.

Ngokulandela la manyathelo, uya kukwazi ukuqwalasela indawo yakho yokusebenza ukuze uvule kwaye usebenzise iifayile ze-PHP ngaphandle kweengxaki. Khumbula ukudibana nomncedisi wewebhu osemthethweni kunye namaxwebhu e-PHP ukuze ufumane isikhokelo esineenkcukacha kunye nokusombulula nayiphi na imiba onokudibana nayo kwinkqubo. Nqwenelela impumelelo!

3. Izixhobo ezicetyiswayo zokuvula iifayile ze-PHP

Ukuvula iifayile ze-PHP kwaye usebenze ngekhowudi yazo, kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezicetyiswayo eziza kwenza le nkqubo ibe lula. Ngezantsi zezinye zezona ndlela zidumileyo:

1. Umhleli wombhalo: Umhleli wombhalo osisiseko wanele ukuvula iifayile ze-PHP. Ungasebenzisa nawuphi na umhleli wombhalo onje Incwadana yokubhala++, Umbhalo ophantsi o Iatom. Aba bahleli bahlala beqaqambisa i-syntax yekhowudi ye-PHP, okwenza kube lula ukufunda nokuhlela ifayile.

2. Entornos de desarrollo integrados (IDE): Ukuba ufuna isisombululo esipheleleyo, ungakhetha ukusebenzisa i-IDE eyenzelwe ngokukodwa uphuhliso lwePHP. Eminye imizekelo edumileyo yile Eclipse PDT, PhpStorm y Ikhowudi yeStudio ebonakalayo kunye nezandiso ze-PHP. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngeempawu eziphambili ezifana nokulungiswa kwekhowudi, ukugqiba ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokuhamba kweprojekthi, ukwandisa imveliso kunye nokwenza kube lula ukuphuhlisa izicelo zewebhu kwi-PHP.

3. Iiseva zewebhu zasekuhlaleni: Ukuqhuba kunye nokuvavanya iifayile ze-PHP kwikhompyuter yakho, unokuseta iseva yewebhu yendawo. Inketho eqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa I-XAMPP o WAMP, equka i-Apache esele iqwalaselwe, i-PHP kunye neseva ye-MySQL. Ezi seva zasekhaya zikuvumela ukuba uvule iifayile ze-PHP kwisikhangeli kwaye wenze uvavanyo kwindawo efana nemveliso.

Khumbula ukuba ukhetho lwesixhobo luya kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zakho kunye nezinto ozikhethayo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzame iinketho ezahlukeneyo kwaye ufumane eyona ifanele ukuhamba komsebenzi wakho. Ngezi zixhobo, uya kuba ulungele ukuvula nokusebenza ngeefayile ze-PHP ngokufanelekileyo kwaye iyasebenza.

4. Amanyathelo asisiseko okuvula ifayile ye-PHP kumhleli wekhowudi

Kukho amanyathelo asisiseko ekufuneka uwalandele ukuze uvule ifayile ye-PHP kumhleli wekhowudi. Okulandelayo, ndiza kuchaza indlela yokwenza ngendlela elula:

1. Descargar un editor de código: Okokuqala, kufuneka ukhethe umhleli wekhowudi oxhasa i-PHP. Ezinye iinketho ezidumileyo yiKhowudi yeSitudiyo esiBonakalayo, iSibhalo esiphantsi, okanye iAtom. Unako ukukhuphela kwaye ufake lowo uthanda kakhulu kwiwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni.

2. Vula umhleli wekhowudi: Nje ukuba ufake umhleli wekhowudi oyikhethileyo, yivule kwikhompyuter yakho. Ungayifumana kwimenyu yokuqala okanye kwifolda yezicelo.

3. Yenza ifayile entsha ye-PHP: Kumhleli wekhowudi, yiya kwimenyu yefayile kwaye ukhethe "Ifayile entsha" ukhetho. Emva koko, yigcine nge-.php extension, umzekelo, "myfile.php". Ngoku unefayile ye-PHP engenanto elungele ukuhlelwa.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuvula ngempumelelo ifayile ye-PHP kumhleli wekhowudi, kufuneka ube neseva yewebhu yendawo efana ne-XAMPP okanye i-WAMP efakwe. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba usebenze kwaye ujonge iifayile zakho PHP kwibhrawuza yakho yewebhu. Ngala manyathelo alula, uya kuba ulungele ukuqalisa inkqubo kwi-PHP kunye nokuhlela iifayile zakho. indlela esebenzayo. Nqwenelela impumelelo!

5. Ukuphonononga ubume befayile ye-PHP: Amacandelo aphambili

Ulwakhiwo kwifayile I-PHP iqulethe amacandelo amaninzi abalulekileyo adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwekhowudi. Ngokuphonononga la macandelo ngokweenkcukacha, sinokuqonda ngcono indlela ifayile ye-PHP eyakhiwe ngayo kunye nendlela edibana ngayo nezinye iifayile kunye nezibonelelo.

Enye yezinto eziphambili zefayile ye-PHP sisibhengezo sendawo yegama. Le nto inceda ukunqanda ukungqubana kwamagama phakathi kweeklasi kunye nemisebenzi echazwe kwifayile. Ngokusebenzisa izithuba zamagama, sinokucwangcisa ikhowudi yethu ngokufanelekileyo kwaye siphephe ukungqubana kwamagama okunokwenzeka.

Elinye icandelo elibalulekileyo kukungeniswa kweefayile zangaphandle okanye iiklasi ngokusebenzisa inkcazo "yokusebenzisa". Olu bhengezo luluncedo ngakumbi xa sifuna ukusebenzisa udidi okanye umsebenzi ochazwe kwenye ifayile. Ngokungenisa ifayile ehambelanayo okanye iklasi, sinokufikelela kwimisebenzi yayo ngaphandle kokuphinda ikhowudi kwifayile yethu yangoku.

Ekugqibeleni, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zefayile ye-PHP sisibhengezo seklasi. Iklasi yisakhiwo esidibanisa idatha kunye nokuziphatha okuhambelanayo. Ukuchaza iklasi kwifayile ye-PHP kusivumela ukuba senze izinto ezivela kuyo kwaye sisebenzise iindlela zayo kunye neempawu. Iiklasi zibalulekile kucwangciso ejolise kwizinto kwaye usivumele ukuba sibhale iimodyuli ezininzi kunye nekhowudi enokusetyenziswa kwakhona.

Isishwankathelo, xa uphonononga ubume befayile ye-PHP, kubalulekile ukuqonda kunye nokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo amacandelo anjengendawo yamagama, ukungenisa, kunye neeklasi. Ezi zinto zisinceda ukuba sigcine ikhowudi yethu icwangcisiwe, sinqande ukungqubana kwamagama, kwaye sibhale iimodyuli ezininzi kunye nekhowudi esebenzisekayo. Ngokuziqonda kakuhle ezi ngqikelelo, siya kukwazi ukuthatha ithuba lokubakho ngokupheleleyo kwe-PHP kwiiprojekthi zethu zophuhliso lwewebhu.

6. Ukusebenza ngeefayile ze-PHP kwindawo yendawo

Kweli candelo, siya kukubonisa indlela yokusebenza neefayile ze-PHP kwindawo yendawo xa uphuhlisa kwaye uvavanya ikhowudi yakho. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi xa usenza usetyenziso lwewebhu kwaye kufuneka uvavanye izikripthi zakho ze-PHP ngaphambi kokuba uzilayishe kwiseva ephilayo.

Ukuqalisa, uya kudinga imeko-bume yophuhliso yendawo efakwe kwikhompyuter yakho. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezikhoyo, kodwa enye yezona zidumileyo kukusebenzisa i-XAMPP. XAMPP yiphakheji yesoftware ebandakanya iseva yeApache, isiseko sedatha I-MySQL kunye ne-PHP, zonke zikunye. Unokukhuphela kwaye ufake i-XAMPP simahla kwiwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni.

Nje ukuba uyifakile i-XAMPP, unokwenza ifolda apho uya kugcina zonke iifayile zakho ze-PHP. Olu lawulo luya kuba yingcambu kavimba wakho okanye i-htdocs. Ungafikelela kulawulo lwakho lweengcambu ngokusebenzisa isikhangeli sewebhu usebenzisa i-URL “http://localhost/” ilandelwa ligama lesiqulathi seefayili. Umzekelo, ukuba ifolda yakho ibizwa ngokuba yi-"my_project," i-URL iya kuba "http://localhost/my_project."

Khumbula ukuba xa usebenza kwindawo yendawo, awuzukuba nexhala malunga nokhuseleko njengoko ubuya kwenza kwiseva ephilayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba utshintsho olwenzayo kule ndawo aluyi kuchaphazela iwebhusayithi yakho ephilayo. Nje ukuba uvavanye ikhowudi yakho kwaye wonwabile ngeziphumo, unokulayisha iifayile kwiseva yakho ephilayo kwaye ubone utshintsho olubonakaliswe kwiwebhusayithi yakho.

Ngala manyathelo alula, uya kukwazi ukusebenza kunye neefayile ze-PHP kwindawo yendawo ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo, ekuvumela ukuba uphuhlise, uvavanye kwaye ulungise ikhowudi yakho ngaphambi kokuba uyenze esidlangalaleni kwi-intanethi!

7. Ukufikelela kwifayile ye-PHP ngeseva yewebhu

Ukufikelela kwifayile PHP ngokusebenzisa iseva yewebhu, kubalulekile ukulandela amanyathelo ambalwa angundoqo. Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuba unomncedisi wewebhu ofakiweyo kwaye uqwalaselwe ngokuchanekileyo kwindlela yakho. Ezinye iinketho ezidumileyo ziquka iApache, iNginx, kunye neMicrosoft IIS. Nje ukuba unomncedisi wewebhu kwaye uyasebenza, kuya kufuneka ubeke ifayile ye-PHP kuluhlu olufanelekileyo. Oku kuqhele ukubizwa ngokuba luluhlu lwamaxwebhu engcambu okanye ulawulo lwe-htdocs. Qinisekisa ukuba ifayile inolwandiso lwe-.php ukuze umncedisi aqaphele ukuba yifayile ye-PHP.

Nje ukuba ifayile ye-PHP isendaweni, unokufikelela kuyo ngokusebenzisa isikhangeli sewebhu. Chwetheza ngokulula i-URL yefayile ye-PHP kwibha yedilesi yesikhangeli kwaye ucinezele u-Enter. Ukuba umncedisi kunye noqwalaselo zichanekile, ifayile ye-PHP iya kuphunyezwa kwaye umphumo uya kuboniswa kwisiphequluli. Ukudlulisa idatha kwifayile ye-PHP, ungasebenzisa iiparitha ze-URL ngokufaka iinguqu emva kwe-URL, ehlukaniswe ngamanqaku emibuzo kunye ne-ampersands. Umzekelo, "ifayile.php?name=John&age=25" iya kudlula igama kunye noguquguquko lobudala kwifayile yePHP.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukufikelela ngempumelelo kwifayile ye-PHP ngokusebenzisa iseva yewebhu, kubalulekile ukuba uqwalaselo lomncedisi luvumela ukuphunyezwa kweefayile ze-PHP. Qinisekisa ukwenza imodyuli yePHP kwiseva yakho yewebhu ukuba ayenziwanga yenziwe ngokungagqibekanga. Oku Ingenziwa ngokongeza umgca wekhowudi kuqwalaselo lomncedisi okanye usebenzisa ujongano lolawulo lweseva yewebhu. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukugcina ukhuseleko engqondweni xa useta ukufikelela kwiifayile ze-PHP ngeseva yewebhu. Qinisekisa ukunqanda ukuveza iifayile ezibuthathaka kwaye ukhusele idatha yomsebenzisi.

8. Ukusombulula iingxaki eziqhelekileyo xa uvula iifayile ze-PHP

Xa usebenza ngeefayile ze-PHP, kuqhelekile ukuba ungene kwiingxaki xa uzama ukuzivula. Ngethamsanqa, kukho izisombululo ezilula nezisebenzayo zokuzisombulula. Apha ngezantsi kukho iinketho zokusombulula ezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo xa uvula iifayile zePHP:

1. Khangela ukufakwa kwe-PHP: Isinyathelo sokuqala kukuqinisekisa ukuba i-PHP ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo kwisistim. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ujonge inguqulelo ye-PHP efakiweyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki zokuhambelana nefayile inkqubo yokwenza. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba iseva yewebhu iqwalaselwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye iifayile zePHP zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo.

2. Jonga i-syntax yefayile ye-PHP: Enye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo xa uvula iifayile ze-PHP kukufumana iimpazamo zesintaksi. Ngamanye amaxesha i-typo elula inokubangela ukusilela ekusebenzeni kwefayile. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise umhleli wombhalo onesintaksi eqaqambisayo ukuchonga ngokukhawuleza ezi ntlobo zeempazamo. Kukwaluncedo ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokucoca ezihlalutya kwaye zilungise iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ze-PHP.

3. Khangela iimvume zefayile kunye neefolda: Kwiimeko ezininzi, iingxaki zokuvula iifayile ze-PHP zibangelwa yimiba yemvume. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba iifayile kunye neefolda ezikuzo zineemvume ezifanelekileyo zokwenziwa ngumncedisi wewebhu. Kucetyiswa ukuseta iimvume ngokuchanekileyo, ukulandela ezona ndlela zingcono zokhuseleko, ukuphepha ukufikelela okanye iingxaki zokwenziwa.

Ngokulandela la manyathelo kwaye uthathele ingqalelo iingcebiso ezikhankanywe ngasentla, kuya kuba nako ukucombulula iingxaki eziqhelekileyo xa uvula iifayile ze-PHP ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukunikela ingqalelo kwimiyalezo yempazamo eboniswa yinkqubo, njengoko inokuba luncedo olukhulu ekuchongeni nasekusombululeni iingxaki. Ukuvavanya kunye nokujonga ukuhambelana kwekhowudi nako kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kweefayile ze-PHP.

9. Izixhobo zokulungisa iimpazamo zokuvula iifayile ze-PHP

Ukulungiswa kweefayile ze-PHP kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima, ngakumbi xa kuziwa ekuchongeni iingxaki kunye neempazamo kwikhowudi. Ngethamsanqa, kukho izixhobo ezithile ezenzelwe ukunceda abaphuhlisi basombulule ezi ngxaki ngokufanelekileyo. Apha ngezantsi kukho izixhobo eziphawulekayo zokulungisa iimpazamo ezinokusetyenziselwa ukuvula iifayile ze-PHP:

• Xdebug: Esi sixhobo sinamandla sokulungisa iimpazamo sibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi efana nokulandela umkhondo, iindawo zokuphumla, ukubonwa okuguquguqukayo, kunye nokunye. Idibanisa nee-IDE ezidumileyo njengePhpStorm, iNetBeans, kunye ne-Eclipse, isenza kube lula ukulungisa ikhowudi ye-PHP.
• I-Firebug: Esi songezo somkhangeli zincwadi weFirefox sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiJavaScript debugging, kodwa sinokusetyenziselwa ukulungisa iimpazamo kwi-PHP. Ikuvumela ukuba uhlole izinto ze-HTML, ubeke iliso kwizicelo ze-AJAX, uhlalutye ukuphunyezwa kwekhowudi ye-PHP, kwaye ulandele iimpazamo.
• PhpStorm: I-IDE enamandla ye-PHP enikezela ngezixhobo zokulungisa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ikuvumela ukuba usete iindawo zokuphumla, ujonge izinto eziguquguqukayo, ulandele ukuhamba kokwenziwa kwekhowudi, nokunye okuninzi. I-PhpStorm nayo ineempawu ezongezelelweyo ezifana nokugqitywa kwekhowudi, ukulungiswa kwakhona, kunye nenkxaso yolawulo loguqulelo.

Ngokusebenzisa ezi zinto, abaphuhlisi banokuhlengahlengisa inkqubo yokuchonga kunye nokulungisa iingxaki kwikhowudi. Ngasinye sezi zixhobo zibonelela ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzame kwaye ukhethe ezona zifanelekileyo kwimeko nganye. Ukulungiswa okusebenzayo akuncedi kuphela ukuphepha iimpazamo kwisicelo sokugqibela kodwa kuphucula umgangatho wekhowudi kunye nokusebenza.

10. Iingcebiso zokugcina ukhuseleko xa uvula iifayile ze-PHP

Xa uvula iifayile ze-PHP, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko ukugcina ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yethu. Nazi izindululo onokuzikhumbula:

1. Actualiza tu versión de PHP: Ukugcina inguqulelo yamva nje ye-PHP efakwe kwisixokelelwano sakho kubalulekile ukukhuselwa kubuthathaka obunokwenzeka. Qinisekisa ukuhlaziya rhoqo ukuze uthathe ithuba lophuculo lokhuseleko lwenguqulelo entsha nganye enikezelayo.

2. Qinisekisa kwaye uhluze idatha yegalelo: Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa nayiphi na idatha evela kwifayile ye-PHP, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa kunye nokucoca idatha yegalelo. Oku kuya kuthintela uhlaselo lwenaliti yekhowudi enokwenzeka ukuba iqhutywe okanye idatha engafunwayo ifakwe kwindlela yakho. Sebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha kunye nemisebenzi yococeko efana nehtmlentities() okanye htmlspecialchars() ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha ikhuselekile phambi kokuba iqhubekeke.

3. Nciphisa ukufikelela kwiifayile ze-PHP: Kubalulekile ukukhawulela ukufikelela kwiifayile ze-PHP kubasebenzisi abagunyazisiweyo kuphela. Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa imithetho yemvume kumncedisi wakho wewebhu okanye uphumeze uqinisekiso olongezelelweyo usebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo okanye izatifikethi ze-SSL. Unokusebenzisa izixhobo zokhuseleko ezinje ngeefirewall ukulawula nokucoca imidibaniso engenayo.

11. Ukuphucula kunye nokusebenza xa uvula iifayile ze-PHP

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kubalulekile ukulandela amanyathelo ambalwa abalulekileyo. Okokuqala, kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba sinenguqulelo yamva nje ye-PHP efakwe kwiseva yethu. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokudibana namaxwebhu asemthethweni e-PHP kunye nokulandela imiyalelo yofakelo ehambelanayo yesixokelelwano sethu sokusebenza.

Nje ukuba sifake i-PHP, isiqhelo esihle kukuqinisekisa ukuba silandela ezona zenzo zokubhala iikhowudi ze-PHP. Oku kubandakanya ukubhala ikhowudi ecocekileyo nesebenzayo, ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwemisebenzi engeyomfuneko kunye neempawu, kunye nokuphucula imibuzo yedatha kunye nokusebenza kweefayile. Ukusebenzisa amagama aguquguqukayo achazayo kunye namazwana acacileyo nawo anokuba negalelo ekufundekeni okungcono kunye nokugcinwa kwekhowudi.

Esinye isincomo esibalulekileyo kukusebenzisa ukulungisa iimpazamo kunye nezixhobo zokuchaza iprofayili ukuchonga imiqobo enokwenzeka kwikhowudi yethu ye-PHP. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nokusebenza kwezicelo zethu kwaye zisincede sichonge iindawo eziyingxaki ezifuna ukuphuculwa. Ezinye zezi zixhobo ziquka iXdebug, Blackfire, kunye neNew Relic.

Ukuphumeza inkqubo ye-caching inokuba sisicwangciso esisebenzayo sokuphucula ukusebenza xa uvula iifayile ze-PHP. Iziphumo ze-caching ezivela kwimibuzo yedatha esetyenziswa rhoqo okanye iziqwengana zekhowudi zinokunciphisa kakhulu amaxesha okulayisha kunye nokuphucula amava omsebenzisi. Ukwenza oku, sinokusebenzisa izixhobo ezinje ngeMemcached okanye iRedis.

Ngokulandela la manyathelo kwaye sithathele ingqalelo ezi ngcebiso, sinokwandisa kwaye siphucule ukusebenza xa sivula iifayile ze-PHP. Khumbula ukugcina ikhowudi yakho isexesheni, landela ezona ndlela zilungileyo, kwaye usebenzise ukulungisa iimpazamo kunye nezixhobo ze-caching ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kakuhle kwezicelo zakho ze-PHP.

12. Ukugcinwa kweFayile ye-PHP kunye noHlaziyo: IiNdlela eziPhambili

Kwinkqubo yokugcina kunye nokuhlaziya iifayile ze-PHP, kubalulekile ukulandela iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekisa uphuhliso olusebenzayo nolukhuselekileyo. Nazi iingongoma ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

1. Yenza iikopi zogcino: Phambi kokuba uqhubeke nalo naluphi na uhlengahlengiso kwiifayile ze-PHP, kubalulekile ukwenza iikopi zazo zogcino. Oku kuya kusivumela ukuba sibuyele umva kwimeko yeempazamo okanye iingxaki ezingalindelekanga ngexesha lohlaziyo. Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zingasetyenziswa ukwenza ezi zigcino, njengokukopa ngesandla iifayile okanye ukusebenzisa isoftware ekhethekileyo.

2. Sebenzisa ulawulo lwenguqulelo: Ukusebenzisa inkqubo yolawulo lwenguqulelo efana neGit inokubonelela ngeenzuzo ezinkulu ekugcineni nokuhlaziya iifayile ze-PHP. Ikuvumela ukuba ulawule kwaye ulawule utshintsho olwenziwe kwikhowudi yomthombo, uququzelele intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela ophuhliso kunye nokubonelela ngokukwazi ukubuyisela utshintsho olungafunekiyo. Ukongezelela, kunokwenzeka ukuba amasebe ahlukeneyo asebenze ngokufanayo kwaye adibanise utshintsho ngendlela ehlelekile nekhuselekileyo.

3. Yenza uvavanyo olubanzi: Ngaphambi kokuthumela naluphi na utshintsho kwimveliso, kubalulekile ukwenza uvavanyo olubanzi kwindawo yophuhliso okanye yovavanyo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuchonga iimpazamo okanye imiba enokubakho kwikhowudi ngaphambi kokuba ichaphazele abasebenzisi bokugqibela. Uvavanyo lungabandakanya iimvavanyo zeyunithi, iimvavanyo zokudibanisa, kunye neemvavanyo zokusebenza, phakathi kwezinye. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-PHPUnit kunokwenza kube lula ukwenza ukuphunyezwa kolu vavanyo.

Ngokulandela ezi ndlela zilungileyo, siya kukwazi ukugcina nokuhlaziya iifayile zethu ze-PHP ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukwenza ii-backups, sebenzisa inkqubo yolawulo lwenguqulelo, kwaye wenze uvavanyo olubanzi ngaphambi kokuthumela naluphi na utshintsho kwimveliso. Ngendlela efanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuphuhliswa komgangatho oqhubekayo kunokuqinisekiswa.

13. Ukuphonononga okunokwenzeka okuzenzekelayo xa uvula iifayile ze-PHP

Xa sisebenza ngeefayile ze-PHP, kuqhelekile ukufumana isidingo sokuvula kunye nokuxhaphaza umxholo wabo ngendlela ezenzekelayo. Ngethamsanqa, kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezisivumela ukuba senze lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.

Enye yezona zinto zikhethwa kakhulu kukusebenzisa imisebenzi yolawulo lwefayile ebonelelwa yi-PHP. Le misebenzi ivumela ukuba sivule ifayile ye-PHP kwindlela yokufunda okanye yokubhala, kwaye ke singenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngokweemfuno zethu. Umzekelo, sinokufunda yonke imixholo yefayile ukwenza uhlobo oluthile lokucubungula okanye ukuhlela imixholo yayo kwaye sigcine utshintsho.

Enye indlela edumileyo kukusebenzisa amathala eencwadi angaphandle, afana nethala leencwadi le-PHPExcel, elisivumela ukuba sivule kwaye sisebenze neefayile ze-PHP kwifomathi ye-Excel ngendlela elula nesebenzayo. Eli thala leencwadi libonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo kunye nemisebenzi yokuguqula idatha kwiifayile ze-Excel, ikwenza kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi.

Ngamafutshane, ukuphonononga okunokwenzeka kokuzenzekelayo xa uvula iifayile ze-PHP kusinika ithuba lokwenza lula kunye nokukhawulezisa imisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla. Ingaba usebenzisa imisebenzi yokuphatha ifayile enikezelwa yi-PHP okanye iilayibrari ezikhethekileyo zangaphandle, sinezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezisivumela ukuba senze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo efana nokufunda, ukubhala, ukuhlela kunye nokuphatha iifayile ze-PHP ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo. Undoqo kukwazi iinketho ezikhoyo kwaye ukhethe ezo zifanele iimfuno zethu.

14. Iingcebiso eziPhambili kunye namaqhinga okuVula iiFayile ze-PHP

Iifayile ze-PHP zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphuhliso lwewebhu, kodwa zinokubonisa imingeni yobugcisa xa bezivula. Apha sikunika ezinye iingcebiso namaqhinga izixhobo eziphambili eziza kukunceda woyise obu bunzima kwaye uvule iifayile ze-PHP ngokuchanekileyo.

1. Jonga uqwalaselo lweseva: Qinisekisa ukuba umncedisi wakho uqwalaselwe ukuxhasa iifayile zePHP. Ungaqinisekisa oku ngokujonga uqwalaselo lomncedisi kwifayile ye php.ini. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umncedisi uqwalaselwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuphatha iifayile ze-PHP, kungenjalo iimpazamo zingenzeka xa zivula.

2. Sebenzisa umhleli wombhalo ofanelekileyo: Xa uvula iifayile ze-PHP, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umhleli wombhalo ofanelekileyo ogxininisa i-syntax ye-PHP ukuze ufundeke ngcono. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhetha umhleli wombhalo ezikhoyo, ezinje ngeSibhalo esiphantsi, iAtom, okanye iKhowudi yeSitudiyo esiBonakalayo, ebonelela ngeeplagi okanye izandiso zokuqaqambisa isintaksi se-PHP. Aba bahleli bombhalo baya kukunceda uqonde ngcono ikhowudi kwaye ugweme iimpazamo xa uvula iifayile ze-PHP.

3. Ukulungisa ikhowudi: Ukuba ifayile ye-PHP ayivuli ngokuchanekileyo, kunokubakho iimpazamo kwikhowudi ezibangelayo. Sebenzisa izixhobo zokulungisa iimpazamo, ezifana ne-Xdebug okanye i-PhpStorm, ukuchonga kunye nokulungisa iingxaki kwikhowudi yakho. Ukulungiswa kweempazamo kuya kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ngokukhawuleza iimpazamo kwaye uzilungise ngokufanelekileyo, uqinisekise ukuba ifayile ye-PHP ivula ngokuchanekileyo.

Khumbula ukuba ukuvula iifayile ze-PHP ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile kuphuhliso lwewebhu. Qhubeleka la macebiso kunye namaqhinga aphambili okusombulula naziphi na iingxaki onokudibana nazo xa uvula iifayile ze-PHP. Ngolungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lweseva, umhleli wombhalo ofanelekileyo, kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa iimpazamo, uya kukwazi ukuvula nokusebenza ngeefayile ze-PHP ngaphandle kobunzima. Beka izandla zakho phezu emsebenzini kwaye wenze uninzi lweefayile zakho ze-PHP!

Ukuqukumbela, ukuvula ifayile ye-PHP yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kuye nawuphi na umthuthukisi wewebhu. Kulo lonke eli nqaku, siphonononge amanyathelo ahlukeneyo kunye neengqwalasela eziyimfuneko ukwenza lo msebenzi ngempumelelo.

Okokuqala, sigxininisa ukubaluleka kokuba nendawo efanelekileyo yophuhliso ukuze usebenze ngeefayile ze-PHP. Oku kubandakanya ukufaka umncedisi wewebhu kunye nomhleli wekhowudi oxhasa ulwimi lwe-PHP.

Emva koko sichaza inkqubo yokuvula ifayile ye-PHP usebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela. Ukusuka kwinketho elula yokuyivula ngomhleli wombhalo osisiseko ekusebenziseni iindawo ezidibeneyo zophuhliso (ii-IDE), sihlola iingenelo kunye nokungonakali kwendlela nganye.

Ukongezelela, sixoxa ngokubaluleka kokwazi isakhiwo kunye ne-syntax yekhowudi ye-PHP ukuqonda kakuhle kunye nokwenza ukuguqulwa kweefayile. Sigxininisa ukubaluleka kokugcina ubume obucocekileyo kunye nemodyuli kwikhowudi ukuququzelela ukufundwa nokugcinwa kwayo.

Ekugqibeleni, sigxininisa imfuneko yokuqwalasela ukhuseleko xa uvula iifayile ze-PHP, ngakumbi xa usebenza ngekhowudi evela kwimithombo yangaphandle okanye engaziwayo. Sigxininisa ukubaluleka kokuphumeza izenzo ezilungileyo zokhuseleko kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo zokubona ubuthathaka ukukhusela ukunyaniseka kweefayile zethu kunye neenkqubo.

Ngamafutshane, ukuvula ifayile ye-PHP akubandakanyi nje ukwazi iindlela zobugcisa zokwenza oko, kodwa nokuqonda ukubaluleka kokugcina ikhowudi icocekile, imodyuli kwaye ikhuselekile. Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libe luncedo kubaphuhlisi bewebhu abafuna ukukhangela kwihlabathi leefayile ze-PHP kwaye libanike ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo.