Uyifumana njani iHash Checksum yeFayile kwiWindows

Indlela yokuFumana iHash Checksum yefayile kwiWindows

Ehlabathini lobugcisa, ukhuseleko lwedatha kunye neefayile lubaluleke kakhulu. Umba osisiseko wokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwefayile kukuqinisekisa i-hash checksum yayo. Kwi-Windows, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana olu lwazi, okukuvumela ukuba uqinisekise ukuba ifayile ilungisiwe okanye yonakele. Kweli phepha elimhlophe, siza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha indlela yokwenza lo mbuzo ngokuchanekileyo nangokuthembekileyo kwi inkqubo yokwenza Iifestile.

1. Intshayelelo: Yintoni ifayile yokukhangela ifayile kwaye kutheni ibalulekile kwiWindows

Ukukhangela ifayile yinkqubo esetyenziswa kwiWindows ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwefayile. Le mali, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-hash, luluhlu lwabalinganiswa abaveliswa yi-algorithm yemathematika kwimixholo yefayile. Ngokuthelekisa i-checksum kwifayile yokuqala kunye ne-checksum ebalwe kwikopi yefayile, unokugqiba ukuba kukho inkohlakalo okanye ukuguqulwa kwedatha.

Ifayile yokukhangela ibalulekile kwiWindows kuba inika indlela ethembekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweefayile. Ngokwenza i-checksum checksum kwifayile, unokubona ukuba kukho utshintsho olungagunyaziswanga kumxholo okanye ukuba ifayile yonakaliswe ngexesha lokudluliselwa okanye ukugcinwa. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi xa ukhuphela iifayile kwi-Intanethi, njengoko iqinisekisa ukuba ifayile ekhutshelweyo ayilungiswanga ngobubi okanye ayinazimpazamo.

Ukubala itshekhi ye-a ifayile kwiWindows, kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo. Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa umyalelo we "CertUtil" kumgca womyalelo. Enye inketho kukusebenzisa isoftware yomntu wesithathu efana ne "MD5sum" okanye "HashTab", ebonelela ngojongano lomzobo olunobuhlobo ukwenza itshekhi. Ukongeza, ezinye izicelo zokucinezela iifayile, ezinje ngeWinRAR okanye i-7-Zip, zikwabonelela nokukhetha ukubala kunye nokuqinisekisa i-checksum yefayile. Nokuba sesiphi isixhobo osikhethayo, inkqubo ibandakanya ukukhetha ifayile, ukuvelisa itshekhi, kwaye emva koko uyithelekise kwitshekhi yentsusa yokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwefayile..

2. Iindlela ezisisiseko zokufumana i-hash checksum yefayile kwi-Windows

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifayile kwiWindows ayilungiswanga okanye yonakaliswe, unokujonga i-hash checksum yayo. I itshekhisum lulandelelwano olulodwa lweempawu ezenziwe kwimixholo yefayile. Ukuba ifayile iyatshintsha nangasiphi na isizathu, i-hash checksum yayo nayo iya kutshintsha. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezisisiseko onokuzisebenzisa kwiWindows ukufumana i-hash checksum yefayile.

Indlela eqhelekileyo yokufumana i-hash checksum kukusebenzisa i ifestile yomyalelo. Okokuqala, vula iwindow yomyalelo kwaye uhambe kwindawo yefayile echaphazelekayo usebenzisa "cd" umyalelo olandelwa ngumendo wefayile. Emva koko ungasebenzisa umyalelo "CertUtil" ilandelwa yi "-hashfile" ukhetho kunye negama lefayile ukubala i-hash checksum. Oku kuya kuvelisa uluhlu lwee-algorithms ze-hashing ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo, ezinje nge-MD5, SHA-1 kunye ne-SHA-256, kunye ne-hash checksum yazo ehambelanayo.

Enye indlela yokufumana i-hash checksum kukusebenzisa izixhobo zomntu wesithathu, njenge "HashCheck Extension Shell". Esi sixhobo sinika ujongano lwegraphical olusebenziseka lula olukuvumela ukubala i-hash checksum yefayile ngokunqakraza-ekunene kuyo kwaye ukhethe ukhetho oluhambelanayo. Ukongeza, ezinye izicelo zokucinezela iifayile, njenge I-WinRAR o I-Zip ezi-7, banokubonisa kwakhona i-hash checksum yefayile xa ukhupha imixholo yayo. Oku kunokuba luncedo ukuba ufuna ukuqinisekisa ingqibelelo yefayile ekhutshelwe kwi-Intanethi phambi kokuyivula.

3. Ukusebenzisa umyalelo we-CertUtil ukufumana i-checksum hash yefayile kwi-Windows

Umyalelo weCertUtil sisixhobo somgca womyalelo ofumanekayo inkqubo yokusebenza Windows kwaye ikuvumela ukuba wenze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enxulumene nezatifikethi kunye neesignesha zedijithali. Enye yezona zinto ziluncedo kakhulu kukukwazi ukufumana i-hash checksum yefayile. Apha siza kukubonisa indlela yokusebenzisa lo myalelo Inyathelo nenyathelo:

1. Vula iwindow yomyalelo kwiWindows. Unokwenza oku ngokucofa iqhosha leWindows + R, uchwetheze "cmd" kwaye ucinezele u-Enter.
2. Yiya kwindawo yefayile ofuna ukuyifumana i-hash checksum. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa umyalelo cd ilandelwa yindlela yolawulo. Umzekelo: cd C:DirectorioSubdirectorio.
3. Nje ukuba ibekwe kwisiqulathi seefayili esichanekileyo, sebenzisa lo myalelo ulandelayo: certutil -hashfile nombre_archivo algoritmo_hash. Ithatha indawo igama lefayile Ngegama lefayile ofuna ukufumana i-checksum hash kunye i-hash_algorithm nge-algorithm ye-hashing ofuna ukuyisebenzisa (umzekelo, MD5, SHA1, SHA256, phakathi kwabanye).

Xa uqhuba umyalelo, imveliso iya kubonisa i-checksum hash yefayile ekhankanyiweyo usebenzisa i-algorithm ekhethiweyo. Oku kunokuba luncedo ekuqinisekiseni imfezeko yeefayile ezikhutshelweyo kwi-Intanethi, Umzekelo. Khumbula ukuba i-algorithm ye-hashing esetyenzisiweyo kufuneka ikhuseleke kwaye ifanele iimfuno zakho zokhuseleko.

4. Indlela yokubala i-MD5 hash yefayile kwi-Windows

Ukubala i-MD5 hash yefayile kwi-Windows yinkqubo elula enokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kwinkqubo yokusebenza. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo ayimfuneko ukwenza lo msebenzi:

1. Vula umgca womyalelo okanye ifestile yeCMD. Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa "iWindows + R" indibaniselwano yesitshixo uze uthayiphe "cmd" kwibhokisi yencoko yababini evelayo. Cofa u-Enter.

2. Hamba uye kwindawo yefayile ofuna ukubala kuyo i-MD5 hash. Ungasebenzisa "cd" umyalelo olandelwa ngumendo opheleleyo woluhlu apho ifayile ikhoyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ifayile iku-C:Files directory, ungasebenzisa umyalelo cd C: Iifayile.

5. Amanyathelo aneenkcukacha zokuvelisa i-SHA-1 hash yefayile kwi-Windows

I-SHA-1 hash yi-algorithm yoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo ekuvumela ukuba uvelise umtya owahlukileyo wabalinganiswa kwifayile nganye. Lo mtya, owaziwa ngokuba yi-hash, ungasetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwefayile kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ayizange iguqulwe. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo afunekayo ukwenza i-SHA-1 hash yefayile kwinkqubo yokusebenza yeWindows:

1. Ivuliwe umhloli weefayile kwiWindows kwaye ujonge kwindawo yefayile ofuna ukuyenza hash.
2. Ekunene nqakraza kwifayile kwaye ukhethe "Properties" kwimenyu eyehlayo.
3. Kwifestile yeepropathi, yiya kwithebhu ethi "Isishwankathelo" kwaye ujonge indawo ebonisa "SHA-1 Hash."

Ukuba intsimi ethi "SHA-1 Hash" ayibonakali, ungasebenzisa isixhobo sangaphandle ukuvelisa i-hash. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi ezikuvumela ukuba ufeze lo msebenzi. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• I-FCIV (Isiqinisekisi seMfezeko yeFayile kaMicrosoft)-Isixhobo somgca womyalelo esibonelelwe nguMicrosoft esikuvumela ukuba uvelise i-SHA-1 hash yeefayile.
• I-HashTab-Ulwandiso lweqokobhe leWindows olubonisa iihashes zefayile kwithebhu ethi "Isishwankathelo" seempawu zefayile.
• I-CertUtil-Isixhobo somgca womyalelo esakhelwe kwiWindows esikuvumela ukuba wenze izibalo ze-hash kwaye ubonise iziphumo kwisikrini.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-SHA-1 hashing yenye nje yee-algorithms ezininzi ze-hashing ezikhoyo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zenkqubo ethile. Ngelixa i-SHA-1 isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo iialgorithms ezikhuselekileyo kwizicelo ezifuna ukhuseleko oluphezulu. Khumbula ukuba i-SHA-1 hash iluncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka kweefayile, kodwa ayiqinisekisi ubunyani bazo okanye ubumfihlo.

6. Ukusebenzisa i-algorithm ye-SHA-256 ukufumana i-checksum yefayile kwi-Windows

KwiWindows, a ngempumelelo Enye indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwefayile kukusebenzisa i-algorithm ye-SHA-256. Obu buchule bukuvumela ukuba ufumane i-checksum eyodwa yefayile ekuthethwa ngayo, enokuthi isetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba imixholo yefayile ayitshintshwanga. Nantsi inyathelo ngenyathelo isikhokelo sendlela yokusebenzisa le algorithm ukufumana itshekhi yefayile kwiWindows:

1. Vula umgca womyalelo weWindows. Unokwenza oku ngokucofa iqhosha leWindows + R, uchwetheze "cmd" kwaye ucinezele u-Enter.

2. Yiya kwindawo yefayile ofuna ukuyifumanela itshekhi. Ungasebenzisa "cd" umyalelo olandelwa ngumendo wefayile ukwenza oku. Umzekelo, ukuba ifayile ikwi "Documents" folder, kufuneka ufake "cd C:UsersYourUserDocuments".

3. Emva kokuba usendaweni yefayile, sebenzisa umyalelo othi "certutil -hashfile" elandelwa igama lefayile kunye ne-SHA-256 algorithm. Umzekelo, ukuba ifayile ibizwa ngokuba yi "file.txt", uya kungena "certutil -hashfile file.txt SHA256".

Khumbula ukuba i-checksum eyenziwe yi-algorithm ye-SHA-256 iya kuba yodwa kwifayile nganye kwaye naluphi na utshintsho kwifayile luya kubangela ukukhangela okwahlukileyo. Ngokuthelekisa i-checksum eyenziweyo kunye ne-checksum eyaziwayo ngaphambili, unokuqinisekisa ukuba ifayile ilungisiwe okanye hayi. Obu buchule buluncedo ngakumbi xa ukhuphela iifayile kwi-Intanethi okanye nini yabelana ngeefayile phakathi iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, njengoko ibonelela ngoqinisekiso olongezelelweyo lwemfezeko yefayile.

7. Ukuthelekisa i-algorithms ye-hashing eyahlukeneyo ekhoyo kwi-Windows: MD5, SHA-1 kunye ne-SHA-256

I-algorithms ye-Hash ziindlela ze-cryptographic ezisetyenziswa kwi-Windows ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwedatha kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iguqulwe. Kweli candelo, siza kuxoxa kwaye sithelekise ezintathu ze-algorithms ze-hashing eziqhelekileyo: MD5, SHA-1, kunye ne-SHA-256.

1. I-MD5 (i-Message Digest Algorithm 5) yenye yezona zindala kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-algorithms ze-hashing. Ivelisa ixabiso le-128 bit hash, elimelwe ngehexadecimal. Iyakhawuleza kwaye iyasebenza, kodwa ithathwa njengengakhuselekanga ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukungqubana, apho iifayile ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zinokuba nexabiso elifanayo le-hash.

2. I-SHA-1 (i-Hash ekhuselekileyo ye-Algorithm 1) yenye i-algorithm eyaziwayo esetyenziswa kwi-Windows. Ivelisa ixabiso le-160-bit ye-hash, nayo imelwe kwi-hexadecimal. Nangona isathathwa njengekhuselekile kwizicelo ezininzi, ibonakaliswe isengozini yohlaselo lwethiyori kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ii-algorithms ezinamandla, njenge-SHA-256, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olukhulu.

3. I-SHA-256 (i-Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit) yi-algorithm entsha kwaye ikhuseleke ngakumbi eyenza ixabiso le-hash ye-256-bit. Isebenzisa umsebenzi we-cryptographic onzima ngakumbi kune-MD5 kunye ne-SHA-1, isenza kube nzima kakhulu ukubuyisela umva okanye ukufumana ukungqubana. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo ezifuna umgangatho ophezulu wokhuseleko, njengeenkqubo zokuqinisekisa kunye nokugcinwa kwephasiwedi ekhuselekileyo.

Isishwankathelo, i-MD5 ikhawuleza kodwa ayikhuselekanga, i-SHA-1 ikhuselekile ngakumbi kodwa isesichengeni sokuhlaselwa okuthile, kwaye i-SHA-256 inika inqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko. Xa ukhetha i-algorithm ye-hashing kwi-Windows, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko, kwaye ulungelelanise iimfuno ezithile zemeko nganye. Abaphuhlisi kunye nabalawuli benkqubo kufuneka baqaphele amandla kunye nobuthathaka be-algorithm nganye kwaye basebenzise iindlela ezilungileyo ze-cryptographic ukukhusela ingqibelelo yedatha.

8. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwefayile usebenzisa i-hash checksum kwi-Windows

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwefayile usebenzisa i-hash checksum yayo kwi-Windows, kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo ezikuvumela ukuba wenze lo msebenzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula. Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokwenza oku kukusebenzisa umyalelo weCertUtil kumgca womyalelo weWindows.

Inyathelo lokuqala kukuvula umgca womyalelo weWindows. Ungakwenza oku ngokucofa iqhosha leWindows+R, uchwetheze u-"cmd" kwibhokisi yencoko yababini, uze ucofe u-Enter. Nje ukuba uvule iwindow yelayini yomyalelo, ungakhangela kulawulo apho ifayile enemfezeko ofuna ukuyiqinisekisa ikhoyo.

Nje ukuba ukuluhlu oluchanekileyo, ungaqhuba lo myalelo ulandelayo ukuze ufumane i-checksum hash yefayile:

certutil -hashfile nombre_archivo algoritmo_hash

• Guqula "igama_lefayile" kwigama lefayile ofuna ukuyiqinisekisa.
• Faka endaweni ye-"hash_algorithm" nge-algorithm ye-hash ofuna ukuyisebenzisa, efana ne-MD5, SHA1, okanye i-SHA256.

Nje ukuba uqhube lo myalelo, i-hash checksum yefayile iya kuboniswa. Thelekisa le hash kwixabiso elinikezelwe ngumthombo wokuqala okanye kwixabiso elilindelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifayile ayizange iguqulwe.

9. Uyisebenzisa njani inkqubo yePowerShell ukufumana itshekhi yefayile kwiWindows

I-PowerShell sisixhobo esinamandla somgca womyalelo ophuhliswe nguMicrosoft ukulawula nokwenza imisebenzi kwiinkqubo zeWindows. Enye yezinto eziluncedo zePowerShell kukukwazi ukufumana itshekhim yefayile, ikuvumela ukuba uqinisekise ukuthembeka kunye nokunyaniseka kwefayile. Kweli nqaku, ndiza kukubonisa indlela yokusebenzisa iPowerShell ukufumana itshekhi yefayile kwiWindows.

Inyathelo lesi-1: Vula i-PowerShell. Ungakwenza oku ngokufaka "PowerShell" kwibhokisi yokukhangela yeWindows kwaye ukhethe usetyenziso lwe-"Windows PowerShell".

Inyathelo lesi-2: Lawula kulawulo apho ifayile ofuna ukuyifumana kuyo itshekhi ibekwe khona. Ungasebenzisa umyalelo «cd»ukutshintsha ulawulo. Umzekelo, ukuba ifayile ikhona edesikeni, ungasebenzisa lo mthetho ulandelayo: cd C:UsersTuUsuarioDesktop.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Nje ukuba ukuluhlu oluchanekileyo, ungasebenzisa lo myalelo ulandelayo ukufumana i-checksum yefayile ethile: Get-FileHash -Algorithm MD5 NombreDelArchivo.extension. Qinisekisa ukufaka endaweni ethi "FileName.extension" kunye negama kunye nokwandiswa kwefayile ofuna ukuyiqinisekisa. Oku kuya kuvelisa i-checksum yefayile usebenzisa i-algorithm ye-MD5 kwaye ibonise kwisikrini se-PowerShell.

10. Ukuqinisekisa i-hash checksum yeefayile ezininzi kwi-Windows

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Hash checksum yindlela esetyenziswayo ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kweefayile. KwiWindows, kuyenzeka ukwenza le nkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo ukujonga iifayile ezininzi ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo. Apha ngezantsi kukho inyathelo ngenyathelo inkqubo yokuphumeza oku:

1. Faka isixhobo somgca womyalelo wokubala i-hash. Kukho iinketho ezininzi ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi, ezinje nge "CertUtil" okanye "PowerShell." Kulo mzekelo, siya kusebenzisa CertUtil.
2. Yenza ifayile yokubhaliweyo ngoluhlu lweefayile ofuna ukuziqinisekisa, nganye kumgca owahlukileyo. Umzekelo, siza kuqamba le fayile "iifayile.txt".
3. Vula i-prompt yomyalelo kwaye uhambe kwindawo apho ifayile "iifayile.txt" ikhona. Emva koko, sebenzisa lo myalelo ulandelayo: certUtil -hashfile archivo_a_verificar MD5, ukutshintsha "ifayile_to_verify" kwindlela epheleleyo yefayile nganye efunyenwe kwifayile yokubhaliweyo.

Nje ukuba umyalelo uphunyeziwe, inkqubo iya kubala i-hash checksum kwifayile nganye kwaye ibonise umphumo kwiwindow ekhawulezayo yomyalelo. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ukhangele ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho naziphi na iifayile ezitshintshiweyo okanye zonakaliswe, kuba naluphi na utshintsho kwifayile luya kuguqula i-hash checksum yayo. Obu buchule buluncedo ngakumbi xa usebenza ngenani elikhulu leefayile okanye xa ufuna ukuqinisekisa ingqibelelo yoluhlu lweefayile ezibalulekileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, ngokuzenzekelayo ukuqinisekiswa kwe-checksum hash yeefayile ezininzi kwiWindows yinkqubo elula nesebenzayo enokuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha yethu. Ngokulandela la manyathelo akhankanywe ngasentla, sinokuwukhawulezisa lo msebenzi kwaye siqinisekise ukuba iifayile zethu zilungile. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezithembekileyo kwaye ugcine ingxelo yeziphumo ukuze ubhekisele kwixesha elizayo.

11. Iingcebiso zokhuseleko xa usebenzisa ii-checksums zefayile kwi-Windows

12. Ukulungisa iingxaki eziqhelekileyo xa uzama ukufumana i-checksum hash yefayile kwi-Windows

Xa sizama ukufumana i-hash checksum yefayile kwi-Windows, sinokuhlangabezana neengxaki eziqhelekileyo. Ngethamsanqa, kukho izisombululo ezilula esinokuzilandela ukusombulula ezi ngxaki. Ngezantsi ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuzilungisa.

1. Umyalelo othi 'certutil' awaziwa: Kwezinye iimeko, xa uzama ukusebenzisa umyalelo 'certutil' kumgca womyalelo, ungafumana umyalezo wemposiso ochaza ukuba umyalelo awuqatshelwanga njengomyalelo wangaphakathi okanye wangaphandle. Ukusombulula oku, kufuneka udibanise umendo wefayile 'certutil.exe' kwi PATH iyantlukwano yemo engqongileyoUkuze wenze oku, landela la manyathelo:

• Vula imenyu yokuQala kwaye ukhangele 'iSetingi zeNkqubo'.
• Cofa u-'Hlela iinguqu zesixokelelwano semeko-bume'.
• Kwifestile 'yeePropati zeSistim', cofa u-'Environment Variables'.
• Kwicandelo elithi 'Izaguquko zeSistim', khetha 'Indlela' eguquguqukayo kwaye ucofe u-'Hlela'.
• Yongeza kwindawo 'yexabiso eliguquguqukayo' indlela eya kwisiqulathi seefayili esiqulethe ifayile 'certutil.exe'. Umzekelo, 'C:WindowsSystem32'.
• Cofa u-'Yamkela' ukuze ugcine utshintsho.

2. Ihashi efunyenweyo ayihambelani nelindelekileyo: Ngamanye amaxesha i-checksum hash efunyenwe kwifayile kwi-Windows isenokungafani nexabiso elilindelekileyo. Ukulungisa oku, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge la manyathelo angentla kwaye uqinisekise ukuba uwalandela ngokuchanekileyo. Kwakhona, unokuzama ukusebenzisa izixhobo zomntu wesithathu njengeHashCalc okanye iFayile Checksum Integrity Verifier (FCIV) ukufumana i-hash checksum kwaye uyithelekise nesiphumo esifunyenwe kwiWindows.

13. Iindlela ezizezinye zokufaka ii-checksums kwi-Windows: Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo

Ukuhlolwa kweefayile sisixhobo esiqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiWindows ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweefayile ezikhutshelweyo okanye ezikhutshelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iindlela ezinikezelayo iingenelo kunye nokungalungi xa kuthelekiswa nalo msebenzi. Ngezantsi kukho ezinye iinketho onokuziqwalasela:

1. Ii-algorithms zeHash: Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa ii-checksums zefayile ezikhethekileyo zeWindows, ungasebenzisa i-algorithms ye-hashing, njenge-MD5, SHA-1, okanye i-SHA-256, eyenza umtya owodwa wabalinganiswa kwifayile. Ezi algorithms zinika ukhuseleko olukhulu kunye nokuchaneka ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka kwefayile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa kwayo kunokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zangaphandle kunye nolwazi olongezelelweyo lobugcisa.

2. Iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ifayile: Kukho iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezikuvumela ukuba wenze ungqinisiso lwefayile ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo kuneetshekhi zeWindows. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngeendlela eziphambili ezifana nokujonga iifayile ezininzi ngexesha elinye, ukuthelekisa iifayile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuvelisa iingxelo ezicacileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iinkqubo zinokuhlawulwa okanye zifune ijika lokufunda ukuze zisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo.

3. Iinkonzo ze-intanethi: Enye enye indlela kukusebenzisa iinkonzo ze-intanethi ezikuvumela ukubala ii-checksums zefayile ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula. Ezi nkonzo zihlala zisimahla kwaye azifuni kufakelo lwesoftware eyongezelelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, banokuba nemida kubungakanani obukhulu beefayile ezinokuqinisekiswa kwaye banokufuna uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi oluzinzileyo.

14. Isiphelo: Ukubaluleka kokuQinisekiswa kweeFayile eziChecksums kwi-Windows ukuze kugcinwe uMthetho weDatha.

Ukuqinisekisa ii-checksums zefayile kwi-Windows yinto ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha egciniweyo. Iitshekhi, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-hashes, ngamaxabiso amanani aveliswa kwiifayile kusetyenziswa i-algorithms ethile yemathematika. Ezi zibalo zikuvumela ukuba uqinisekise ukuba ifayile itshintshile okanye yonakele, inceda ukufumanisa iimpazamo ezinokwenzeka ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwedatha okanye ukuguqulwa.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisekisa ii-checksums zefayile kwi-Windows, kodwa enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kukusebenzisa izinto eziluncedo ezifana ne-CertUtil kunye ne-FCIV (IsiQinisekiso seMfezeko yeFayile yokuHlola). Ezi zixhobo zikuvumela ukuba uvelise kwaye uqinisekise iitshekhi zefayile ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula.

Ukuqinisekisa i-checksum yefayile usebenzisa i-CertUtil, siqala ukuvula iwindow yomyalelo weWindows kwaye uye kwifolda apho ifayile ikhona. Emva koko senza lo myalelo ulandelayo: certutil -hashfile nombre_archivo algoritmo_checksum. I-"file_name" iparameter kufuneka itshintshwe ngegama lefayile esifuna ukuyiqinisekisa, kunye ne-"checksum_algorithm" ipharamitha kunye ne-checksum algorithm esifuna ukuyisebenzisa, njenge-MD5, SHA-1 okanye i-SHA-256. Umyalelo ubuyisela ixabiso le-checksum yefayile.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuqinisekiswa kwefayile yokukhangela ifayile yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa imfezeko yedatha kunye nokunyaniseka kwiimo zeWindows. Ngeendlela ezichazwe kweli nqaku, abasebenzisi banokuqinisekisa ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo ukuthembeka kweefayile usebenzisa i-checksum hashes.

Nokuba kukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwefayile ekhutshelwe kwi-Intanethi, qinisekisa ubunyani befayile efunyenwe kumntu wesithathu, okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifayile ayilungiswanga, ukwazi ukufumana kunye nokuthelekisa i-checksum hashes kubalulekile kubuchwephesha. intsimi .

Ukongeza, ukuthathela ingqalelo ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokhuseleko, njengokukhuphela iifayile kwimithombo ethembekileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ii-checksums, kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukwenziwa kweefayile ezikhohlakeleyo okanye ezonakeleyo ezinokuchaphazela kakubi inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nokunciphisa ukhuseleko lwedatha.

Ngamafutshane, ukuqonda inkqubo yokujonga i-checksum yefayile kwiWindows ibonelela abasebenzisi ngesixhobo esibalulekileyo sokukhusela kunye nokugcina imfezeko yedatha kwimeko-bume ekhulayo yedijithali.