Indlela Yokuvimba Amaphepha E-Intanethi

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje ledijithali, apho ukufikelela kwi-intanethi kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo kubomi bethu, kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba sizikhusele kumxholo ongafanelekanga okanye oyingozi. kwiwebhu. Indlela esebenzayo yokwenza oku kukuvala amaphepha e-intanethi esiwathatha njengobungozi kukhuseleko lwethu okanye kusapho lwethu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ubuchule kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukufezekisa lo msebenzi, kunye neziphumo zabo zobugcisa kunye nokusebenza. Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ukubhloka kwamaphepha e-intanethi, funda kwaye ufumanise ukuba ungahamba njani ngendlela ekhuseleke ngakumbi nelawulwayo kwihlabathi elikhulu lenyani.

1. Intshayelelo yokuvala amaphepha e-intanethi

Ukuvala iiwebhusayithi yinto eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa ziinkampani, imibutho kunye noorhulumente ukukhawulela ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezithile. Nangona la manyathelo aphunyezwa ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokukhuselwa kokhuseleko, ulawulo lomxholo okanye ukuvalwa, abasebenzisi bahlala befuna ukufikelela kumaphepha avaliweyo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezisemthethweni.

Kweli nqaku, siya kunika isikhokelo Inyathelo nenyathelo ukuqonda kunye nokoyisa ukuvalwa kwamaphepha e-intanethi. Siza kuphonononga iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo eziza kukuvumela ukuba udlule ezi zithintelo kwaye ufikelele ngokukhululekileyo kwiiwebhusayithi ezivaliweyo. Ukongeza, siza kubonelela ngemizekelo eneenkcukacha kunye nezifundo zendlela nganye, kunye neengcebiso eziluncedo zokwandisa ubumfihlo bakho kunye nokhuseleko ngexesha lenkqubo.

Ezinye zezicwangciso ezichongiweyo zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-VPNs (uthungelwano lwabucala olubonakalayo), ii-proxies, ezinye iiseva ze-DNS, kunye nokuseta amanethiwekhi abucala. Siza kukufundisa indlela yokukhetha eyona ndlela ilungileyo kwiimfuno zakho kunye nendlela yokuyiqwalasela ngokuchanekileyo kwinkqubo yakho. Siza kuphonononga iziphumo ezisemthethweni nezisesikweni zokugqitha ukubhloka kwewebhusayithi, ukuze waziswe kwaye wenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.

2. Iindidi zokuvala amaphepha e-intanethi

Ukuvala amaphepha e-intanethi sisenzo sokhuseleko esiphunyezwa zezinye iinkqubo ukuthintela ukufikelela kumxholo othile we-intanethi. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zokuvala iphepha, nganye ineempawu zayo kunye neendlela zokuphepha. Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubhloka kunye nendlela yokuzoyisa.

1. I-DNS Restriction Blocking: Olu hlobo lokuthintela lusekelwe ekuqwalaseleni iseva ye-DNS ukuqondisa kwakhona izicelo ezivela kwimimandla ethile kwiidilesi ze-IP ezingasebenziyo okanye ezingekhoyo. Enye indlela yokoyisa le bhloko kukutshintsha useto lwe-DNS kwisixhobo sakho ukuze usebenzise ezinye iiseva ze-DNS, ezinje ngeGoogle DNS okanye i-OpenDNS. Ungafumana izifundo zokufundisa kwi-intanethi eziya kukukhokela inyathelo ngenyathelo lendlela yokwenza olu tshintsho. kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi.

2. Ukuvalwa kwe-IP isithintelo: Ezinye iinkqubo zivala ukufikelela kumaphepha ewebhu ngokusekelwe kwidilesi ye-IP yomncedisi okanye umxhasi. Ukuba uvaliwe ngalo mqobo, ungazama ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi yabucala enenyani (VPN) ukufihla idilesi yakho yokwenyani ye-IP kunye nokufikelela kumxholo ovaliweyo. Zininzi ii-apps zeVPN kunye neenkonzo ezikhoyo ezikuvumela ukuba ukhangele i-intanethi ngokungaziwa kwaye udlule olu hlobo lokuthintela.

3. Ukuthintela ngezihlungi zomxholo: Le ndlela yokuthintela isekelwe ekufumaneni amagama angundoqo okanye iipatheni kumxholo wamaphepha ewebhu. Iisistim zokuhluza zinokuvala iindidi ezithile zesiqulatho, njengamaphepha ongcakazo, umxholo wabantu abadala, okanye umxholo onxulumene ne-malware. Enye indlela yokudlula oku kuthintelwa kukusebenzisa iinkonzo zommeli okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikuvumela ukuba uguqule inkangeleko yezicelo zebrawuza yakho, njengokutshintsha indawo yejografi ye-IP yakho.

Isishwankathelo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuvala amaphepha e-intanethi kwaye kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzoyisa. Ukutshintsha izicwangciso ze-DNS, ukusebenzisa i-VPN okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-proxy ezinye zeendlela ezikhoyo. Khumbula ukuba ukudlula iibhloko zewebhusayithi kunokwaphula imigaqo-nkqubo yosetyenziso kunye nemithetho yendawo, ke qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa ezi ndlela ngentembeko nangokuziphatha.

3. Uwavala njani amaphepha e-intanethi usebenzisa ifayile yenginginya

Ukuvala amaphepha e-intanethi usebenzisa ifayile ye-hosts sisisombululo esisebenzayo sokuthintela ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezingafunekiyo. Ifayile yenginginya yifayile yoqwalaselo ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yokwenza esetyenzisiweyo ukudibanisa amagama wendawo kunye needilesi ze-IP. Ngale fayile, unokuqondisa kwakhona amagama wesizinda kwidilesi ye-IP eyahlukileyo, ukuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukufikelela kwezo webhusayithi.

Ukuvala iphepha lewebhu, landela la manyathelo:

• Inyathelo lokuqala: Vula ifayile yenginginya ngaphakathi inkqubo yakho yokusebenza. Kwi-Windows, ifumaneka kwindlela "C: WindowsSystem32driversetchosts", ngelixa i-Mac okanye i-Linux, ungayifumana "/ etc / hosts".
• Inyathelo lesibini: Hlela ifayile yenginginya ngamalungelo omlawuli. Unokwenza oku ngokuvula umhleli wombhalo njengomlawuli kwaye emva koko ukhethe "Vula iFayile" kwaye uhambe uye kwindawo yefayile yenginginya.
• Inyathelo lesithathu: Yongeza ingeniso kwifayile yenginginya ukuvala iphepha elithile lewebhu. Kufuneka wongeze umgca ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iwebhusayithi idilesi ye-IP Igama lesizinda.com. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukuvala iwebhusayithi ethi “www.example.com” kwaye uyibuyisele kwidilesi ye-IP engekhoyo, ungeno luya kujongeka ngolu hlobo: 127.0.0.1 www.example.com.
• Inyathelo lesine: Gcina ifayile yenginginya kwaye uvale umhleli wokubhaliweyo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le ndlela yokuvala amaphepha e-intanethi usebenzisa ifayile ye-hosts isebenza kuphela kwindawo kwisixhobo apho ukuguqulwa kwenziwa khona. Ukuba ufuna ukufaka ibhloko kuzo zonke izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi yakho, kuya kufuneka wenze uhlengahlengiso olufanayo kuzo zonke.

4. Uwavala njani amaphepha e-intanethi nge-router

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvala amaphepha e-intanethi nge-router, enokuba luncedo ngakumbi ukunciphisa ukufikelela kumxholo ongafunekiyo okanye ukwandisa ukhuseleko kwinethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya. Ngezantsi kukho iindlela ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zokuphumeza oku:

1. Ukuvala ngedilesi ye-IP: Le ndlela iquka ukuqwalasela i-router ukuvala ukufikelela kwiphepha elithile usebenzisa idilesi ye-IP. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ufikelele kwiisethingi ze-router ngedilesi yayo yokulawula kwi-browser yewebhu. Ukusuka apho, khangela idilesi ye-IP yokucoca okanye icandelo lokuthintela iwebhusayithi kwaye wongeze idilesi ye-IP yephepha ofuna ukulivimba. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba olu khetho luvimba kuphela ukufikelela kwiphepha elibuzwayo kuzo zonke izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi.

2. Ukuthintela ngamagama esizinda: Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuvala amaphepha e-intanethi nge-router usebenzisa amagama esizinda. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ufikelele kuqwalaselo lwe-router kwaye ujonge ukuvimba iwebhusayithi okanye icandelo lokucoca igama lesizinda. Ukusuka apho, kuya kufuneka wongeze amagama esizinda samaphepha ofuna ukuwavimba. Njengoko kukhetho lwangaphambili, ukuvala kuya kusebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi.

3. Ukuvinjwa kwegama elingundoqo: Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uvimbele amaphepha aqulethe amagama athile angundoqo kumxholo wabo. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka usebenzise inqaku lokucoca igama elingundoqo kwi-router yakho. Lo msebenzi ikuvumela ukuba wongeze amagama ofuna ukuwavala kwaye uqwalasele intshukumo oza kuyithatha xa umdlalo ubhaqiwe. Ezinye ii-routers zikwavumela ukuba uchaze apho kwiphepha amagama angundoqo aya kuphetshwa (URL, isihloko, umzimba, njl.). Olu khetho luluncedo kakhulu ekuthinteleni amaphepha anomxholo ongafanelekanga okanye wogaxekile.

5. Ukuvala amaphepha e-intanethi usebenzisa isoftware yokucoca

Ukuvala amaphepha e-intanethi usebenzisa isoftware yokucoca, kukho iinketho ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi ziphunyezwe ngokweemfuno zomsebenzisi kunye nezinto azikhethayo. Esinye sezixhobo ezidumileyo kule njongo kukusetyenziswa kwenkonzo yokucoca umxholo. efini. Ezi nkonzo zikuvumela ukuba uthintele ukufikelela kumaphepha athile ewebhu ngokumisela imithetho yesiko.

Ukusebenzisa inkonzo yokucoca umxholo welifu, kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo ambalwa angundoqo. Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha inkonzo ehambelana neemfuno zomsebenzisi. Abanye bababoneleli abathembekileyo nabanamandla kwimarike baquka i-OpenDNS, iCleanBrowsing, kunye neNorton ConnectSafe. Nje ukuba inkonzo ikhethiwe, kufuneka wenze i-akhawunti kwaye uqwalasele ukhetho lokucoca umxholo welifu.

Nje ukuba ubumbeko olusisiseko lwenkonzo yokucoca umxholo welifu lugqityiwe, unokongeza amaphepha ewebhu ofuna ukuwavimba. Oku kunokufezekiswa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, njengokuseta izihluzo ezikhethwayo kwiqela lolawulo lenkonzo okanye ngokwenza uluhlu lwesiko lwemimandla evaliweyo. Kucetyiswa ukuba ungeze amaphepha ewebhu ngokucacileyo, usebenzisa i-URL epheleleyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthintela okusebenzayo. Emva kokuba amaphepha ewebhu ongeziweyo, inkonzo yokucoca umxholo wefu iya kuvala ukufikelela kubo, inika indlela esebenzayo yokuthintela ukufikelela okungafunekiyo kumxholo ongafanelekanga okanye onokuba yingozi.

6. Izixhobo zokuvala iphepha le-Intanethi kwizikhangeli zewebhu

Kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuvala iphepha le-intanethi ezinokusetyenziswa kwizikhangeli zewebhu, kwaye ziluncedo kakhulu ukugcina ulawulo lokufikelela kumxholo ongafunekiyo. Ngezantsi sibonisa ukhetho lwezinye zezi zixhobo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngabasebenzisi ngabanye kunye nabalawuli benethiwekhi.

1. Izandiso zebhrawuza: Enye yezona ndlela zilula zokuvala amaphepha e-intanethi kukusebenzisa izandiso ezithile kwisikhangeli ngasinye. Ezi zandiso zikuvumela ukuba uthintele ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezikhethiweyo kwaye zinokulungiswa ngendlela yobuqu ngokweemfuno zomsebenzisi. Ezinye zezona zongezo zidumileyo ziquka Indawo yeBloko yeChrome, Hlala Ugxile yeFirefox kunye Nanny kuba Safari.

2. Izihluzi zomxholo: Izihluzi zomxholo yenye inketho yokuvala amaphepha e-intanethi. Ezi nkqubo zihlalutya umxholo wamaphepha ewebhu ngexesha langempela kwaye uvimbe iisayithi ezinomxholo ongafunekiyo. Ezinye izihluzi zomxholo ezidumileyo ziquka Umgcini weNethi, K9 Web Protection y Isihluzo seWebhu seBarracuda. Ezi nkqubo zidla ngokusetyenziswa ngabalawuli bothungelwano kushishino okanye kubume bemfundo.

3. Iinkonzo ze-DNS: Enye indlela yokuvala amaphepha e-intanethi kukusebenzisa iinkonzo ze-DNS ezikuvumela ukuba ucofe itrafikhi yewebhu. Ezi nkonzo zisebenza ngokuthintela ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezithile okanye iindidi zomxholo ongafunekiyo. Eminye imizekelo yeenkonzo ezidumileyo zeDNS zi I-OpenDNS y CleanBrowsing. Ezi nkonzo zinokuqwalaselwa kumzila womnatha wothungelwano okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwizixhobo zomntu ngamnye, zizenze zibe yinto eguquguqukayo kubasebenzisi basekhaya okanye beshishini.

Isishwankathelo, kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo zokuvala amaphepha e-intanethi kwizikhangeli zewebhu. Ezi zivela kwizandiso zesiphequluli ukuya kwizihluzi zomxholo kunye neenkonzo ze-DNS. Ukukhetha esona sixhobo sifanelekileyo kuya kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno kunye nokukhethwa komsebenzisi okanye umlawuli wenethiwekhi. Nokuba yeyiphi na inketho ekhethiweyo, ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngolawulo olukhulu lokufikelela kumxholo ongafunekiyo, ezinceda ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye namava okukhangela omntu.

7. Uwavala njani amaphepha e-intanethi kwizixhobo eziphathwayo

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuvala amaphepha e-intanethi kwizixhobo eziphathwayo, nokuba kukuthintela ukufikelela kumxholo ongafanelekanga okanye ukugxila emsebenzini okanye ekufundeni. Apha sibonisa iindlela ezintathu ezisebenzayo zokuphumeza oku:

1. Sebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo lwabazali: Inketho ecetyiswayo kukukhuphela usetyenziso lolawulo lwabazali kwisixhobo sakho esiphathwayo. Ezi zicelo zikuvumela ukuba uvimbele amaphepha athile ewebhu, ngaphezu kokubonelela ngeminye imisebenzi efana nemida yokusetyenziswa kwexesha kunye nezihlungi zomxholo. Ezinye ii -apps ezidumileyo ziquka Abantwana Safe Browser y Usapho lakwaNorton.

2. Qwalasela i-router: Enye indlela kukuvimba ukufikelela kumaphepha ewebhu kwinqanaba le-router. Oku kubandakanya ukufikelela kwiisethingi ze-router ekhaya kunye nokumisela izithintelo kwicandelo lokucoca iwebhusayithi. Umzila ngamnye unokuba nojongano lolawulo olwahlukileyo, kodwa unokufumaneka ngokuchwetheza idilesi ye-IP yerouter kwisikhangeli. Xa sele ungaphakathi, unokongeza amaphepha ofuna ukuwavimba kuluhlu olumnyama okanye uthintele ukufikelela ngamagama angundoqo.

3. Sebenzisa usetyenziso olukhuselekileyo lokubrawuza: Ezinye iibhrawuza zibonelela ngeendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokubrawuza ezikuvumela ukuba uvale iiwebhusayithi ezithile. Umzekelo, Ugoogle chrome ikuvumela ukuba wenze iprofayile egadiweyo kwaye ukhethe amaphepha ewebhu avumelekileyo. Ngale ndlela, nayiphi na inzame yokufikelela kwiphepha elivaliweyo iya kuthintelwa sisikhangeli. Ezinye iinketho ziquka Isikhangeli esikhuselekileyo y Ukhuseleko loSapho luka-Microsoft.

Khumbula ukuba kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo zokuvala kunye neendlela ngokuthembekileyo, ngokuhlonipha ubumfihlo kunye nemvume yabasebenzisi. Ukongezelela, kuyacetyiswa ukuseka unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo kunye namalungu entsapho okanye abo basebenzisa isixhobo esiphathwayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayaziqonda izizathu ezibangela ukuthintela ukufikelela kumaphepha athile ewebhu.

8. Ukuvala amaphepha e-intanethi kuthungelwano lwequmrhu: iingqwalasela kunye neendlela ezingcono

Ukuvala amaphepha e-intanethi kuthungelwano lweshishini Yinto eqhelekileyo ukukhusela ukhuseleko kunye nemveliso ngaphakathi kwintlangano. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukujongana nalo mbandela ngokufanelekileyo ukuphepha iingxaki kunye nokuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza efanelekileyo. Ngezantsi kukho iingqwalasela eziphambili kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo zokuphumeza ukubhloka kwekhasi lewebhu ngokufanelekileyo.

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1. Chaza umgaqo-nkqubo wokuthintela ocacileyo

Ngaphambi kokuthintela nayiphi na iwebhusayithi, kubalulekile ukuseka umgaqo-nkqubo ocacileyo kunye nokungafihli malunga nokuba zeziphi iintlobo zewebhusayithi ekufuneka zivaliwe kwaye kutheni. Oku kuya kunceda ukuphepha ukungaqondani kunye nengqumbo kubasebenzi. Ukongeza, qiniseka ukuba unxibelelana nalo mgaqo-nkqubo kubasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo ukuze wonke umntu azazi izithintelo kunye neziphumo zokungathobeli.

Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi ezikuvumela ukuba uqwalasele uluhlu lwabamnyama okanye uluhlu lwabamhlophe beewebhusayithi, kunye nokuseka izihlungi zomxholo ngokusekelwe kwiindidi. Ezi zixhobo zinika ulawulo olukhulu phezu kwamaphepha anokufikelela kwinethiwekhi yenkampani kwaye anokuthi alungelelaniswe neemfuno ezithile zombutho wakho.

2. Yenza uvavanyo olubanzi

Ngaphambi kokuphumeza ngokupheleleyo ukuvala iwebhusayithi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqhutywe uvavanyo olubanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zixhobo ezibalulekileyo okanye iinkonzo zangaphakathi ezichaphazelekayo. Chonga iiwebhusayithi ezinokuvalwa ngokungalunganga kwaye uqinisekise ukuba izicelo eziyimfuneko kunye neenkonzo zinokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokufikelela kwezi sayithi.

Xa kuqhutywa olu mvavanyo, kubalulekile ukubandakanya amasebe ahlukeneyo kunye namaqela angaphakathi kumbutho ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iziphumo ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba nesicwangciso sokuqulela xa kuvela iingxaki ezingalindelekanga emva kokuba kuphunyezwe ukuvalwa.

3. Gcina ubeka esweni rhoqo

Nje ukuba ukuvalwa kwewebhusayithi kuphunyeziwe, kubalulekile ukuyijonga rhoqo ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo kwaye uhlengahlengise izicwangciso njengoko kuyimfuneko. Gcina irekhodi yokuzama ukufikelela kumaphepha avaliweyo, kwaye uphonononge rhoqo imigaqo-nkqubo yokuthintela ukuqinisekisa ukuba zihlala zifanelekile kwaye zifanelekile.

Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqeqeshe abasebenzi malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuthintela kunye neendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokuphequlula. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhuthaza inkcubeko yokhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity ngaphakathi kwintlangano kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokwaphulwa kwengozi okanye ngabom.

9. Uwavala njani amaphepha e-intanethi kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zeWindows

Ukuba ufuna ukuvala amaphepha athile e-intanethi kwinkqubo yakho yeWindows, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezikhoyo eziya kukuvumela ukuba ufezekise oku ngempumelelo. Apha ngezantsi kukho iindlela onokuthi uzilandele ukuvala ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezingafunwayo.

1. Sebenzisa ifayile yenginginya: Ifayile yenginginya yindlela elula nesebenzayo yokuthintela ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi. Unokongeza iidilesi ze-IP zeewebhusayithi ofuna ukuzivala kwaye uzinike idilesi ye-IP yendawo efana ne-127.0.0.1. Oku kuya kuqondisa kwakhona naziphi na iinzame zokufikelela kwezo webhusayithi kwikhompyuter yakho, zithintele ekulayisheni ngokuchanekileyo.

2. Sebenzisa Umlilo weWindows: IWindows ineFirewall eyakhelweyo ekuvumela ukuba ulawule itrafikhi yenethiwekhi. Ungasebenzisa esi sixhobo ukuvala ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezithile. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uvule iWindows Firewall, uye kwithebhu ethi "Imithetho ephumayo", kwaye ungeze umgaqo omtsha ukuvimba idilesi ye-IP okanye isizinda sewebhusayithi ofuna ukuyivimba. Emva kokuba umgaqo ugciniwe, i-Firewall iya kuvala nayiphi na imizamo yokudibanisa kuloo webhusayithi.

3. Sebenzisa isoftware yolawulo lwabazali: Ukuba ujonge ukhetho olupheleleyo nolusebenziseka lula, unokuqwalasela ukusebenzisa isoftware yolawulo lwabazali. Ezi nkqubo ziya kukuvumela ukuba uthintele iiwebhusayithi ezithile, usete amaxesha okufikelela kwi-intanethi, kwaye ubeke iliso kwimisebenzi ye-intanethi ngokubanzi. Eminye imizekelo edumileyo yesoftware yolawulo lwabazali ibandakanya iNorton Family, Qustodio, kunye neKaspersky Safe Kids.

10. Ungawavala njani amaphepha e-intanethi kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zeMacOS

Kule post, siza kuchaza. Okulandelayo, siza kukubonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufezekisa oku ngempumelelo.

1. Guqula ifayile yenginginya: Indlela elula yokuvala amaphepha ewebhu kwi-MacOS kungokuguqula ifayile yenginginya. Ukuze wenze oku, landela la manyathelo:
-Vula iterminal kwiMac yakho.
– Chwetheza lo myalelo ulandelayo ukuze uvule ifayile yenginginya: sudo nano /etc/hosts
-Faka igama eliyimfihlo lomlawuli xa ucelwa.
-Kwifayile yeenginginya, unokongeza iidilesi ze-IP zamaphepha ofuna ukuwavimba, alandelwe yisizinda. Umzekelo: 127.0.0.1 www.ejemplo.com
– Gcina utshintsho ngokucofa Ctrl + Xemva koko Y, kwaye ekugqibeleni Enter.

2. Sebenzisa izicelo zomntu wesithathu: kukho izicelo ezininzi ezikhoyo kwiMac I-App Store ekuvumela ukuba uvale amaphepha e-intanethi ngokulula nangokukhawuleza. Ezi apps zihlala zibonelela ngokhetho olongezelelweyo, olufana nokucwangcisa amaxesha okuthintela okanye ukuvala iindidi zomxholo. Ezinye zezona zixhobo zidumileyo zi-Focus, SelfControl, kunye neNkululeko.

3. Qwalasela i-router: enye inketho yokuvala amaphepha ewebhu kwi-MacOS kukuqwalasela i-router kwinethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya. Le ndlela iya kukuvumela ukuba uvale ukufikelela kumaphepha athile ewebhu kuzo zonke izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi. Ukwenza oku, amanyathelo anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimodeli ye-router. Ngokuqhelekileyo, unokufikelela kwiisetingi ze-router ngokufaka idilesi yayo ye-IP kwisiphequluli sewebhu. Xa ulapho, khangela icandelo elithi "Ulawulo lwabazali" okanye "Isihluzo somxholo" kwaye ulandele imiyalelo ukongeza amaphepha ofuna ukuwavala.

Khumbula ukuba ukuvala amaphepha e-intanethi kunokuba luncedo ukunqanda iziphazamiso kunye nokugcina indawo yokusebenza enemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa lo msebenzi ngenkathalo nangentlonipho kumalungelo abanye.

11. Ukuvala amaphepha e-intanethi kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ze-Linux: iindlela kunye neengcebiso

En iinkqubo zokusebenza Linux, kuyenzeka ukuvala ufikelelo kumaphepha athile e-Intanethi ngokulandela iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neengcebiso. Apha ngezantsi kukho iindlela onokukhetha kuzo ukuze ufezekise le njongo:

1. Guqula ifayile yenginginya: Le ndlela ibandakanya ukuhlela ifayile "yenginginya" ebekwe kwi "/ etc". Kule fayile, unokongeza iidilesi ze-IP kunye namagama esizinda samaphepha ofuna ukuwavimba, uwabuyisele kwidilesi engekhoyo okanye kwelinye iphepha. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba olu khetho luchaphazela kuphela ikhompyutha yendawo kunye nabasebenzisi ngamalungelo omlawuli.

2. Sebenzisa ifayile yoqwalaselo lweskwidi: Iskwidi yi-cache edumileyo ye-proxy ye-Linux operating systems. Xa uqwalasela iSquid, ungachaza uluhlu lweendawo ezivaliweyo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ucoce itrafikhi yokukhangela kwaye ukwale ukufikelela kumaphepha achaziweyo. Imigaqo yokuthintela ingenziwa ngokwezifiso kwiimfuno ezithile.

3. Sebenzisa izandiso zebhrawuza: Kukho izandiso ezininzi ezikhoyo kwizikhangeli zewebhu ezikuvumela ukuba uvale ufikelelo kwiindawo ezithile. Ezi zandiso ngokuqhelekileyo kulula ukuzifaka kunye nokuqwalasela, ukubonelela ngokutshixa okuguquguqukayo kunye nokuvula iinketho. Ezinye izandiso zide zibonelele ngokukwazi ukucwangcisa iiwebhusayithi zokuvala ixesha elithile.

Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukugcina engqondweni ukuba ukuvala ufikelelo kumaphepha e-Intanethi kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo zeLinux kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe ezinye iinkonzo okanye izicelo ezinokuxhomekeka kuzo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukulandela ngokucophelela amanyathelo kwaye wenze uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa ukuthintela okusebenzayo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwenkqubo.

12. Ungawavala njani amaphepha e-intanethi kwizikhangeli ezithile

Ukuba ufuna ukuvala amaphepha athile e-intanethi kwizikhangeli ezithile, ufike kwindawo elungileyo. Okulandelayo, siya kuchaza inyathelo ngesinyathelo indlela yokusombulula le ngxaki ngendlela elula nesebenzayo.

1. Sebenzisa ulwandiso lwesikhangeli: Indlela ekhawulezayo nesebenzayo yokuvala amaphepha kwizikhangeli ezithile kukusebenzisa izandiso. Umzekelo, ukuba usebenzisa iGoogle Chrome, unokukhuphela ulwandiso lwe "Block Site" oluya kukuvumela ukuba uvimbele ii-URL zewebhusayithi ezingafunwayo. Kufuneka nje uyifake, uqwalasele amaphepha ofuna ukuwavala kwaye yiloo nto!

2. Hlela ifayile yenginginya: Olunye ukhetho kukulungisa ifayile yenginginya yesixokelelwano sakho esisebenzayo. Le fayile inoxanduva lokudibanisa iidilesi ze-IP kunye nemimandla yamaphepha ewebhu. Ngokuyilungisa, unokuphinda uhambise izicelo kwidilesi ye-IP engalunganga, eya kukuthintela ukuba ufikelele kwiphepha nakweyiphi na isiphequluli. Ukwenza oku, landela la manyathelo:
KwiWindows: Vula iNotepad njengomlawuli kwaye ukhethe "Ifayile"> "Vula". Yiya kwifolda ethi "C: WindowsSystem32driversetc" kwaye ukhethe ifayile "yemikhosi". Yongeza umgca omtsha phantsi kwefayile kunye nedilesi ye-IP "127.0.0.1" elandelwa yi-URL yephepha ofuna ukulivimba. Umzekelo: "127.0.0.1 www.paginablockada.com". Gcina utshintsho kwaye uqalise kwakhona isikhangeli sakho.
KwiMac okanye kwiLinux: Vula iSimina kwaye uchwetheze umyalelo “sudo nano/etc/hosts”. Yongeza umgca omtsha ekupheleni kwefayile kunye nedilesi ye-IP "127.0.0.1" elandelwa yi-URL yephepha ofuna ukulivimba. Gcina utshintsho kwaye uqalise kwakhona isikhangeli sakho.

13. Ukuvala umxholo ongafanelekanga: izithintelo zokhuseleko lwabantwana kunye nolutsha kwi-intanethi.

Ukukhuselwa kwabantwana kunye nolutsha kwi-Intanethi yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuluntu lwethu. Ukufikelela kumxholo ongafanelekanga kunokuba nefuthe elibi kuphuhliso lwabo kunye nokuphila kakuhle. Kule post, siza kunika isisombululo sesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo ukuvala umxholo ongafanelekanga kwaye ngaloo ndlela uqinisekise ukukhangela okukhuselekileyo kubantu abatsha.

Inyathelo 1: Ukumisela umxholo wokucoca

Inyathelo lokuqala kukuqwalasela isihluzo somxholo webrawuza yakho okanye inkqubo yokusebenza. Uninzi lweziphequluli kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zinenketho zokuvala iintlobo ezithile zomxholo okanye ukuseta izithintelo zobudala. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-browser ye-Google Chrome, unokuya kwiisetingi zomxholo kwaye uvule isihluzo somxholo ukuvala iiwebhusayithi ezinomxholo ocacileyo.

Ukongeza, kukho izixhobo zolawulo lwabazali ezikuvumela ukuba ubeke izithintelo ezithile ngakumbi. Ezi zixhobo zikuvumela ukuba uthintele iindidi zesiqulatho, usete iishedyuli zokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi, kwaye ufumane iingxelo ngomsebenzi wabantwana bakho kwi-intanethi. Ezinye zezona zixhobo zidumileyo ziquka iNorton Family, Kaspersky Safe Kids, kunye neQustodio.

14. Isisombululo kwiingxaki eziqhelekileyo ekuvaleni ngempumelelo amaphepha e-intanethi

Xa uvala amaphepha e-intanethi, kuqhelekile ukudibana neengxaki ezenza kube nzima ukubhloka okusebenzayo. Ngethamsanqa, kukho izisombululo ukoyisa le miqobo kwaye uqinisekise isitshixo esiyimpumelelo. Nazi iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokusombulula:

1. I-cache yesikhangeli:

Enye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo ngokuthintela amaphepha ewebhu kukuba isikhangeli somsebenzisi sinokuba nekopi egciniweyo yesayithi evaliweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba iphepha livalwe ngempumelelo, umsebenzisi usenako ukufikelela kulo ngekopi egcinwe kwi-cache yabo. Ukusombulula oku, kucetyiswa ukuba ulandele la manyathelo:

• 1. Yalela umsebenzisi ukuba acime i-cache yebrawuza yakhe.
• 2. Nikela inyathelo ngenyathelo tutorial malunga nendlela yokucima i-cache kwiibhrawuza ezahlukeneyo ezifana neChrome, Firefox kunye neSafari.
• 3. Ncoma ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezicima ngokuzenzekelayo i-cache yesikhangeli.

2. I-DNS kawonke-wonke:

Enye ingxaki eqhelekileyo kukuba abasebenzisi basebenzisa iiseva zikawonke-wonke ze-DNS ukudlula ukuvala amaphepha ewebhu. Ezi seva zinokunika abasebenzisi esinye isisombululo samagama esibavumela ukuba bafikelele kumaphepha avaliweyo. Ukusombulula le meko, oku kulandelayo kunokwenziwa:

• 1. Vimba ukufikelela kwiiseva ezithile zoluntu ze-DNS okanye uthintele ukufikelela kuyo nayiphi na iseva ye-DNS ngaphandle kwalowo utyunjwe yinkampani okanye iziko.
• 2. Qwalasela iseva ye-DNS yangaphakathi ukubhloka imibuzo kwiindawo ezithile okanye uqondise kwakhona kwiphepha elivaliweyo.
• 3. Ukufundisa abasebenzisi malunga neengozi kunye nemiphumo yokusebenzisa iiseva zoluntu ze-DNS ezingagunyaziswanga.

3. Uqhagamshelo lommeleli kunye neVPN:

Uqhagamshelo lommeleli kunye nothungelwano lwabucala lwenyani (VPNs) ngomnye umqobo oqhelekileyo wokuvalwa okusebenzayo kwamaphepha ewebhu. Ezi zixhobo zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafihle okanye batshintshe idilesi yabo ye-IP, ngaloo ndlela bedlula izithintelo ezithintelayo. Nazi izisombululo zokusombulula le ngxaki:

• 1. Vimba ukufikelela kwiproxy eyaziwayo kunye neeseva zeVPN ngokusebenzisa uluhlu olumnyama oluhlaziyiweyo.
• 2. Sebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlalutya i-traffic ukuchonga kunye nokuthintela iipatheni zokuziphatha ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweeproxies kunye neeVPN.
• 3. Ukuseka imigaqo-nkqubo nemigangatho ecacileyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-proxy kunye noqhagamshelwano lwe-VPN, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo oluleko ngenxa yokungathobeli.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuvala amaphepha e-intanethi kunokuba luncedo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, nokuba kukukhusela ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi, ukunciphisa ukufikelela kumxholo ongafanelekanga okanye ukwandisa imveliso kwindawo yokusebenza. Ngeendlela ezichazwe ngasentla, abasebenzisi banokuphumeza amanyathelo asebenzayo okucoca kunye nokukhawulela ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezingafunekiyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba ukuvala amaphepha e-intanethi kufuneka asetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngokuhambelana nemigaqo-nkqubo emiselweyo, ukuphepha ukucutshungulwa okungekho mthethweni okanye ukuphulwa kwamalungelo obumfihlo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ube nesicwangciso esicacileyo sokuhluza kunye nendlela yokucela ngaphandle ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ngaphaya koko, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale usexesheni kwiindlela zamva nje zokuvala iwebhusayithi kunye nezixhobo, njengoko iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi abakhohlakeleyo zihlala zivela. Ukugcina uthungelwano olukhuselekileyo olungenaziqulatho ezingafunwayo kufuna indibaniselwano yamanyathelo obugcisa, imigaqo-nkqubo ecacileyo kunye nemfundo eqhubekayo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ngoxanduva.

Isishwankathelo, ukuvimba amaphepha e-intanethi kunokuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokulawula ukufikelela kumxholo ongafunekiyo, kodwa kufuneka kuphunyezwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngokuhambelana nemimiselo emiselweyo. Ukwenjenjalo kukhuthaza imekobume ekhuselekileyo nenemveliso. yabasebenzisi kwi-Intanethi.